Psychiatric manifestations of encephalitis.

Objective: Encephalitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition of infectious or autoimmune cause. We aim to characterize the frequency and clinical spectrum of presenting psychiatric symptoms in encephalitis in order to inform earlier recognition and initiation of treatment.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of adult patients who met the 2013 International Encephalitis Consortium (IEC) and/or 2016 Graus criteria between February 2005 and February 2023.

From Epithelium to Therapy: Transitional Cells in Lung Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung fibrosis secondary to infections such as influenza A and COVID-19 have limited treatment options outside of supportive therapy and lung transplantation. Multiple lung stem cell populations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, and more progenitor cell populations continue to be discovered and characterized. In this review, we summarize the functions and differentiation pathways of various cells that comprise the lung epithelium.

Identification of population multimorbidity patterns in 3.9 million patients from Bogota in 2018.

Background: Multimorbidity has emerged as a challenge for health systems due to its association with adverse clinical outcomes. Given the limited information available on multimorbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, this study characterizes multimorbidity patterns in the population of Bogotá, Colombia in 2018.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed 16 million medical consultation records from Bogotá reported in the National Service Delivery Records in 2018.

The Transition to Adulthood: A Qualitative Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder From Military and Veteran Parents and Military-Dependent Young Adults.

Introduction: Given the unique experiences of military service members and their families, military-dependent young adults (18-25 years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their military or veteran families experience unique barriers to accessing quality mental health care during the transition to adulthood. In fact, developing services to address ASD challenges for military families is a burgeoning area of interest for the department of defense. However, there is a limited knowledge on the specific needs of military families as the young adult's transition outside of high school and lose supports.

A scoping review of patient safety checklists in dentistry.

Objectives: Not much is known about safety checklists use in dentistry. We aim to examine, assess, and provide a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge concerning the use of checklists to improve patient safety in dentistry.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using Medline and Embase for studies that use or describe the development of dental patient safety checklists.

MASLD in persons with HIV is associated with high cardiometabolic risk as evidenced by altered advanced lipoprotein profiles and targeted metabolomics.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in persons with HIV (PWH). The lipidomic and metabolomic alterations contributing to this risk are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the advanced lipoprotein and targeted metabolomic profiles in PWH and assess if the presence and severity of MASLD influence these profiles.

"Don't touch your face"---Effectiveness of a health communication intervention on reducing face-touching behaviors.

Background: Given the risk of infection through face-touching behaviors, investigators have called for more research into the development of interventions to reduce the frequency of face-touching. The current study aims to test the effectiveness of messages on reducing face-touching behaviors.

Methods: Nine different messages that highlighted the risk of face-touching were developed.

Current understanding of infection of the ventricles and its complications.

Introduction: Ventriculitis, characterized by inflammation of the ventricles in the brain, frequently occurs as a complication of neurosurgical interventions such as the insertion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts or external ventricular drains. It can also present as a community-acquired pathology, broadening its clinical significance and complicating diagnosis and treatment. This condition presents significant challenges, primarily due to its association with various medical devices and the predisposing conditions of patients which enhance infection risks.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis of all-cause and vascular dementia.

Introduction: Dementia is a multifactorial disease with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) pathologies making the largest contributions. Yet, most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focus on AD.

Methods: We conducted a GWAS of all-cause dementia (ACD) and examined the genetic overlap with VaD.

Morphometric Analysis of Spina Bifida after Fetal Repair Shows New Subtypes with Associated Outcomes.

Importance: The binary classification of spina bifida lesions as myelomeningocele (with sac) or myeloschisis (without sac) belies a spectrum of morphologies, which have not been correlated to clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Objective: To characterize spina bifida lesion types and correlate them with preoperative presentation and postoperative outcomes.

Design: Secondary analysis of images and videos obtained during fetoscopic spina bifida repair surgery from 2020-2023.

Targeted inhibition of colorectal cancer proliferation: The dual-modulatory role of 2,4-DTBP on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Survivin proteins.

The anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Survivin, are consistently overexpressed in numerous human malignancies, notably in colorectal cancer. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound known for its diverse biological activities, including anti-cancer properties. The mechanism behind 2,4-DTBP-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells, specifically regarding Bcl-2 and Survivin, remains to be elucidated.

Building Leaders for an Equitable and Inclusive Future.

The Association for Leadership Science in Nursing (ALSN) 2023 International Conference was held on October 28 to 30 in Birmingham, Alabama, and sponsored by the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing. ALSN is dedicated to uniting academic and practice leaders to shape leadership science, education in nursing, and the practice of nursing leadership. The theme for the conference was Building Leaders for an Equitable and Inclusive Future.

Aortic valve leaflets are asymmetric and correlated with the origin of coronary arteries.

Background: Asymmetry of the aortic valve leaflets has been known since Leonardo Da Vinci, but the relationship between size and shape and origin of the coronary arteries has never been examined. Our aim was to evaluate this anatomy in a population of pediatric patients using a cross-sectional study design.

Methods: Consecutive pediatric patients with trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE), with or without trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE), were included in our study.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by household food insecurity status in the United States adolescent population, 2001-2020: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Household food insecurity (FI) is a modifiable social determinant of health linked to chronic health outcomes. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in pediatric population-based studies by household FI status.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the MetS by household FI status over the past 2 decades.

Long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents.

Background: This analysis examined the durability of antibodies present after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents.

Methods: Data were collected over 4 time points between October 2020-November 2022 as part of a prospective population-based cohort aged 5-to-19 years (N = 810). Results of the (1) Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassay for detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (Roche N-test); and (2) qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of antibodies to the SARS CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (Roche S-test); and (3) self-reported antigen/PCR COVID-19 test results, vaccination and symptom status were analyzed.

The Relationship Between Serious Mental Illness and Criminal Offending in Persons Experiencing Homelessness: The Role of Substance Use Disorder.

Individuals who live with mental illness are encumbered by related risk factors that increase the probability of legal involvement. The goal was to determine how homelessness and substance use disorder are intervening factors in the relationship between symptoms of serious mental illness (SMI) and criminal offending. A sample of 210 chronically homeless adults receiving SAMHSA-funded outreach and psychiatric rehabilitation services between 2014 and 2016 was recruited in a study of interventions to address housing in homeless persons with a SMI.

Design and Development of a Clot Burst Pressure Device to Investigate Resuscitation Strategies.

Introduction: A reduction in clot strength is a hallmark feature of trauma-induced coagulopathy. A better understanding of clot integrity can optimize resuscitation strategies. We designed a device to gauge clot strength by pressurizing fluids over a formed clot and measuring the pressure needed to dislodge the clot.

Quantifying the Implementation and Cost of a Multisite Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria.

Objective: The intensity of an antibiotic stewardship intervention to achieve clinical impact is not known. We conducted a multisite dissemination project of an intervention to reduce treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and studied: (1) the association between implementation metrics and clinical outcomes and (2) the cost of implementation.

Design/setting/participants: A central site facilitated a multimodality intervention to decrease unnecessary urine cultures and antibiotic treatment in patients with ASB at 4 Veterans Affairs medical centers.

Delegation and oversight of non-physician practitioners in dermatology.

A rising demand for dermatologic procedures has led to a recent increase in the number of non-physician operators (NPOs) in the dermatology workforce. Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and aestheticians commonly perform procedures in both physician-based practices and medical spas with varying degrees of dermatology-specific training and physician oversight. Although the lack of regulations can negatively impact patient outcomes and adverse events, the role of NPOs in dermatology continues to grow.

Food insecurity disparities and impact on academic and social experiences among college students at a large public university.

This research seeks to understand food insecurity experiences among students at a large public university in the southern United States. Participants consented and completed an online survey disseminated on campus in April-May 2021 (N = 418). The participants sampled were predominantly undergraduate (78.

Deep learning for detecting and elucidating human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 integration in the human genome.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a retrovirus, is the causative agent for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and many other human diseases. Accurate and high throughput detection of HTLV-1 virus integration sites (VISs) across the host genomes plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Here, we developed DeepHTLV, the first deep learning framework for VIS prediction from genome sequence, motif discovery, and -regulatory factor identification.