Diffuse functional and structural abnormalities in fibrosis: Potential structural basis for sustaining atrial fibrillation.

Background: Structural remodeling has been associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, but how fibrotic regions allow atrial fibrillation to be sustained remains unclear.

Objective: With a novel transgenic goat model, we evaluated structural and functional differences between structurally remodeled and healthy regions of the atria.

Methods: A novel transgenic goat model with cardiac-specific overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 was used.

Lambs Grazing With Adult Ewes Prefer Forbs With High-Nutrient Content in Native Grasslands Dominated by and .

Grazing livestock in grasslands face the challenge of obtaining sufficient nutrition due to uneven distribution of plant species and fluctuating vegetation productivity and nutrient levels. In northern China, and are the dominant perennial species in native grasslands, but they provide limited nutrition compared to forbs with higher crude protein (CP) content. While dietary ingredients can affect the nutritional intake of grazing livestock, the influence of different grazing strategies on dietary selection remains unclear.

Gender, credentials & success: An examination of educational attainment in top management teams.

In recent decades, women have made historic gains in educational attainment, now outpacing men in terms of college enrollment and degree completion. Yet, despite the ubiquity of policies and programs aimed at advancing women in work organizations, women's educational gains have not yet translated into greater representation in elite corporate roles. The current study seeks to address this puzzle by analyzing the conditions under which women's educational attainment and credentials enable them to overcome gendered barriers to entry into executive positions.

"You're made to feel like you're the crazy one": an interpretive description of former college student-athletes' views of emotional abuse.

Many normalized coaching behaviors are often abusive yet are seen by coaches and athletes as instrumental in achievement and competition. The current study was designed to extend past research and theory by subjectively exploring how and why former intercollegiate athletes identified their head coach as emotionally abusive. Twenty former intercollegiate student-athletes (  = 26.

Acceptance-Enhanced Behavior Therapy for Trichotillomania in Youth.

Trichotillomania is a debilitating and chronic condition involving repeated hair pulling from various areas of the body. Trichotillomania often begins in childhood, suggesting that the development and understanding of treatments for trichotillomania in youth are of utmost importance, especially for successful early intervention. While habit reversal training (HRT) is considered the gold standard treatment for trichotillomania in young people, this article reviews a nascent treatment approach for trichotillomania in youth, acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT).

Validating the Influences of Methodological Decisions on Assessing the Spatiotemporal Stability of Speech Movement Sequences Using Children's Speech Data.

Purpose: Prior research introduced quantifiable effects of three methodological parameters (number of repetitions, stimulus length, and parsing error) on the spatiotemporal index (STI) using simulated data. Critically, these parameters often vary across studies. In this study, we validate these effects, which were previously only demonstrated via simulation, using children's speech data.

Modulating the Competition between Different Atoms to Form Halogen Bonds.

I and Br atoms are placed on opposite ends of a -butyl group, with each allowed to form a halogen bond (XB) with NH. DFT calculations show that the intrinsic preference of the nucleophile for the heavier I over Br can be reversed by the proper placement of substituents on the alkyl chain. A similar reversal occurs for NH and OH groups on the alkyl chain, where substituents make the O a better electron donor than N in an XB to an electrophilic ICCH.

Satellite-Derived, Smartphone-Delivered Geospatial Cholera Risk Information for Vulnerable Populations.

Cholera, an acute waterborne diarrheal disease, remains a major global health challenge. Despite being curable and preventable, it can be fatal if left untreated, especially for children. Bangladesh, a cholera-endemic country with a high disease burden, experiences two peaks annually, during the dry pre-monsoon spring and the wet post-monsoon fall seasons.

A longitudinal study of the association between e-cigarette use contexts and alcohol use problems among college students.

Previous studies had explored the associations between e-cigarette use and alcohol use problems, yet they did not fully consider e-cigarette use contexts. This longitudinal study conducted a prospective examination of e-cigarette use contexts and alcohol use problems among college students. College e-cigarette users at three public universities from Fall 2019 to Fall 2020 were included ( = 377).

Bee microbiomes in a changing climate: Investigating the effects of temperature on solitary bee life history and health.

Climate change is rapidly warming thermal environments, an important abiotic stimulus governing interactions between microbial symbionts and their hosts. Increasing evidence suggests that solitary bees rely on pollen provision microbes for successful development. However, the effects of heat stress on provision microbiota and the resulting consequences for larval health and development remain to be examined.

The change process questionnaire (CPQ): A psychometric validation.

Tracking therapeutic processes and outcomes session to session, known as feedback-informed treatment (FIT), has shown many significant benefits for systemic family therapists. However, more clinically useful FIT measures are needed in our field. In response, we conceptualize core dimensions of the therapeutic change process and propose a measure-the Change Process Questionnaire (CPQ)-based on some of those dimensions to provide a clinically useful FIT measure.

Scaling-up ecological understanding with remote sensing and causal inference.

Decades of empirical ecological research have focused on understanding ecological dynamics at local scales. Remote sensing products can help to scale-up ecological understanding to support management actions that need to be implemented across large spatial extents. This new avenue for remote sensing applications requires careful consideration of sources of potential bias that can lead to spurious causal relationships.

Increasing Motivation Increases Intelligibility Benefits of Perceptual Training in Dysarthria.

Purpose: Perceptual training offers a promising, listener-targeted option for improving intelligibility of dysarthric speech. Cognitive resources are required for learning, and theoretical models of listening effort and engagement account for a role of listener motivation in allocation of such resources. Here, we manipulate training instructions to enhance motivation to test the hypothesis that increased motivation increases the intelligibility benefits of perceptual training.

Iron-molybdenum cofactor synthesis by a thermophilic nitrogenase devoid of the scaffold NifEN.

The maturation and installation of the active site metal cluster (FeMo-co, FeSCMo--homocitrate) in Mo-dependent nitrogenase requires the protein product of the gene for production of the FeS cluster precursor (NifB-co, [FeSC]) and the action of the maturase complex composed of the protein products from the and genes. However, some putative diazotrophic bacteria, like sp. RS-1, lack the genes, suggesting an alternative pathway for maturation of FeMo-co that does not require NifEN.

Surveillance of Youth Sports Participation in the United States: Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions.

Purpose: National surveillance of behaviors, including physical activity and sport can provide insight with respect to population-level trends. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the existing sources of surveillance for organized youth sport participation in the United States and highlight knowledge gaps.

Methods: We identified nationally representative and free publicly available surveillance data from 2012 to 2022 and report the prevalence of sport participation, the number of sports in which youth participated, and in which specific sports youth participated overall, and by demographic characteristics.

Work-Family Care Obstacles and Life Satisfaction among Japanese Working Family Caregivers Living with an Older Care Recipient.

Introduction: The growing obstacles to balancing work and family caregiving responsibilities (work-family care obstacles) have led to heightened difficulties in work-life adjustment among employees, potentially resulting in decreased life satisfaction.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate whether facing work-family care obstacles is associated with poor life satisfaction and whether it moderates the association between caregiver burden and life satisfaction among working family caregivers in Japan.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 141 family caregivers, all of whom were under 65 years old and living with older long-term care recipients.

Academic language use in middle school informational writing.

Background: Learning to write the complex academic language (AL) associated with a discipline (like science) is a critical task in education, with middle school being a key developmental period. However, we need more research to guide how we assess students' learning to write AL, especially if we want to create assessment that guides more effective instruction.

Aims: We evaluated middle school students' informational writing for six different measures of AL to determine which ones were most strongly related to writing quality and were most indicative of the unique features of informational writing.

Mosaic of Somatic Mutations in Earth's Oldest Living Organism, Pando.

Understanding how mutations arise and spread through individuals and populations is fundamental to evolutionary biology. Most organisms have a life cycle with unicellular bottlenecks during reproduction. However, some organisms like plants, fungi, or colonial animals can grow indefinitely, changing the manner in which mutations spread throughout both the individual and the population.

Development, Pilot, and Evaluation of a Qualitative Documentation Tool for Pharmacists to Share High Impact Patient Intervention Stories.

Community pharmacists are often the most accessible member of the healthcare team to many patients and can play a key role in managing their chronic conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, through enhanced pharmacy services. Despite their accessibility, pharmacy services are often underutilized due, in part, to a lack of adequate reimbursement models that comprehensively encapsulate all elements of those pharmacy services. While routine documentation of services does collect certain qualitative data, they do not always indicate the nuance of the full scope of services with resulting robust impact and value of those services for the patient and healthcare system.

Unleashing the Potential: High Responsivity at Room Temperature of Halide Perovskite-Based Short-Wave Infrared Detectors with Ultrabroad Bandwidth.

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging systems offer remarkable advantages, such as enhanced resolution and contrast, compared to their optical counterparts. However, broader applications demand improvements in performance, notably the elimination of cryogenic temperature requirements and cost reduction in manufacturing processes. In this manuscript, we present a new development in SWIR photodetection, exploiting the potential of metal halide perovskite materials.