ETV2 transcriptionally activates Rig1 gene expression and promotes reprogramming of the endothelial lineage.

ETV2 is an essential transcription factor as Etv2 null murine embryos lack all vasculature, blood and are lethal early during embryogenesis. Previous studies have established that ETV2 functions as a pioneer factor and directly reprograms fibroblasts to endothelial cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating this reprogramming process remain incompletely defined.

Urinary Free Glycosaminoglycans Identify Adults at High Risk of Developing Early-stage High-grade Bladder Cancer.

Background And Objective: Screening for bladder cancer (BCa) could reduce mortality via early detection of early-stage high-grade (Ta/T1 N0 M0 grade 2-3) disease. Noninvasive biomarkers could aid in screening, but current markers lack the specificity required. The urinary free glycosaminoglycan profile (GAGome) is a promising biomarker for early detection of BCa metabolism.

Impact of virtual simulation vs. Video refresher training on NRP simulation performance: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of NRP virtual simulations (eSim™), video or no refresher training, on simulation performance, six months after a provider course; and to evaluate eSim™ acceptability.

Study Design: In this multi-site randomized controlled trial, NRP providers from four U.S.

Adherence to Reporting Guidelines in Major Otolaryngology Publications.

The aim of this study is to determine the adherence rate to reporting guidelines in published otolaryngology research. We performed an evidence-based review of all original clinical research published in 2021 in five otolaryngology journals for adherence to the appropriate guideline for the study type by evaluating whether the corresponding reporting guideline was mentioned in the body of the published manuscript. There were 1140 original research articles included in this study.

Association of maternal pre-pregnancy or first trimester body mass index with neurodevelopmental impairment or death in extremely low gestational age neonates.

Objective: To compare the rates of death or survival with severe neurodevelopmental impairment (sNDI) at 2 years among extremely preterm infants in relation to pre-pregnancy or first-trimester maternal body mass index (BMI).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included extremely preterm infants (gestational age 22-26 weeks). The study was conducted at National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network sites.

Networks that Govern Cardiomyocyte Proliferation to Facilitate Repair of the Injured Mammalian Heart.

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death worldwide and in the United States (US). Cardiovascular diseases frequently progress to end-stage heart failure, and curative therapies are extremely limited. Intense interest has focused on deciphering the cascades and networks that govern cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration of the injured heart.

NeuroActivityToolkit-Toolbox for Quantitative Analysis of Miniature Fluorescent Microscopy Data.

The visualization of neuronal activity in vivo is an urgent task in modern neuroscience. It allows neurobiologists to obtain a large amount of information about neuronal network architecture and connections between neurons. The miniscope technique might help to determine changes that occurred in the network due to external stimuli and various conditions: processes of learning, stress, epileptic seizures and neurodegenerative diseases.

Positive Allosteric Modulators of SERCA Pump Restore Dendritic Spines and Rescue Long-Term Potentiation Defects in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory formation and storage processes. Dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca) has been identified as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been suggested that pharmacological agents that stabilize Ca neuronal signaling can act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca-stabilizing agents and exhibit neuroprotective properties.

Comparative Effectiveness of Coronary CT Angiography and Standard of Care for Evaluating Acute Chest Pain: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To perform a living systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and standard of care (SOC) in the evaluation of acute chest pain (ACP).

Materials And Methods: Multiple electronic databases were systematically searched, with the most recent search conducted on October 31, 2022. Studies were stratified into two groups according to the pretest probability for acute coronary syndrome (group 1 with predominantly low-to-intermediate risk vs group 2 with high risk).

Structure-Based Modeling of Sigma 1 Receptor Interactions with Ligands and Cholesterol and Implications for Its Biological Function.

The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is a 223-amino-acid-long transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. The S1R plays an important role in neuronal health and it is an established therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance in physiology and disease, the biological function of S1R is poorly understood.

Exhaled CO monitoring to guide non-invasive ventilation at birth: a systematic review.

Objective: Measuring exhaled carbon dioxide (ECO) during non-invasive ventilation at birth may provide information about lung aeration. However, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) only recommends ECO detection for confirming endotracheal tube placement. ILCOR has therefore prioritised a research question that needs to be urgently evaluated: 'In newborn infants receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation by any non-invasive interface at birth, does the use of an ECO monitor in addition to clinical assessment, pulse oximetry and/or ECG, compared with clinical assessment, pulse oximetry and/or ECG only, decrease endotracheal intubation in the delivery room, improve response to resuscitation, improve survival or reduce morbidity?'.

Positive Allosteric Modulator of SERCA Pump NDC-1173 Exerts Beneficial Effects in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. AD does not have a cure and most drug development efforts in the AD field have been focused on targeting the amyloid pathway based on the "amyloid cascade hypothesis". However, in addition to the amyloid pathway, substantial evidence also points to dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca) signaling as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been proposed that pharmacological agents that stabilize neuronal Ca signaling may act as disease-modifying agents in AD.

SpineTool is an open-source software for analysis of morphology of dendritic spines.

Dendritic spines form most excitatory synaptic inputs in neurons and these spines are altered in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Reliable methods to assess and quantify dendritic spines morphology are needed, but most existing methods are subjective and labor intensive. To solve this problem, we developed an open-source software that allows segmentation of dendritic spines from 3D images, extraction of their key morphological features, and their classification and clustering.

Activation of Gq-Coupled Receptors in Astrocytes Restores Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the current AD therapeutic developments are directed towards improving neuronal cell function or facilitating Aβ amyloid clearance from the brain. However, some recent evidence suggests that astrocytes may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Expansion Microscopy Application for Calcium Protein Clustering Imaging in Cells and Brain Tissues.

Many biological studies require high-resolution imaging and subsequent analysis of cell organelles and molecules. Some membrane proteins form tight clusters, and this process is directly linked to their function. In most studies, these small protein clusters have been investigated by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, which enables imaging with high spatial resolution within 100 nm of the membrane surface.

Reasons and predictors for early termination of pediatric polysomnography: one children's hospital's experience.

Study Objectives: We sought to identify reasons for early polysomnography termination in pediatric patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all studies conducted at the Pediatric Sleep Center at UT Southwestern Medical Center from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019, that were terminated before study completion. We investigated reasons for early termination and gathered characteristics such as age, sex, presence of neurocognitive impairment, payor status, seasonal variability, and testing site location.

Protocol Optimization for Direct Reprogramming of Primary Human Fibroblast into Induced Striatal Neurons.

The modeling of neuropathology on induced neurons obtained by cell reprogramming technologies can fill a gap between clinical trials and studies on model organisms for the development of treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. Patient-specific models based on patients' cells play an important role in such studies. There are two ways to obtain induced neuronal cells.

Update: Pictorial Guide to CAD-RADS 2.0.

.- Update articles supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in . These updates, written by at least one author of the previous article, provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.

Estimations of Inpatient and Ambulatory Pediatric Tonsillectomy in the United States: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of inpatient and ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomies in the United States in 2019.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases.

Neuroprotective properties of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins in 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. An early feature of the AD pathology is the dysregulation of intracellular Ca signaling in neurons. In particular, increased Ca release from endoplasmic reticulum-located Ca channels, including inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate type 1 receptors (IPR1) and ryanodine receptors type 2 (RyR2), have been extensively reported.

Signal recognition particle receptor-β (SR-β) coordinates cotranslational N-glycosylation.

Proteins destined for the secretory compartment of the cell are cotranslationally translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum. The majority of these proteins are N-glycosylated, a co- and posttranslational modification that ensures proper protein folding, stability, solubility, and cellular localization. Here, we show that the [Formula: see text] subunit of the signal recognition particle receptor (SR) is required for assembly of the N-glycosylation-competent translocon.

Maternal hypertensive disorders and survival without major morbidities among extremely low gestation newborns.

Objective: Evaluate if odds of survival without major morbidity are higher among extremely low gestation neonates (ELGANs) born to mothers with chronic hypertension (cHTN) or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared to ELGANs born to mothers without hypertension (HTN).

Study Design: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Included children had a birthweight of 401-1000 g and/or gestational age of 22 to 28 wks.

Analysis of Non-Amyloidogenic Mutations in APP Supports Loss of Function Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a critical role in pathogenesis of Azheimer's disease (AD). Sequential cleavage of APP by β- and γ-secretases leads to generation of Aβ40 (non-amyloidogenic) and Aβ42 (amyloidogenic) peptides. Presenilin-1 (PS1) or presenilin-2 (PS2) act as catalytic subunits of γ-secretase.