Mortality of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, alcohol, and metabolic risk factors, and its association with socioeconomic development status 2000-2021: GI Cancer Mortality and Risk Factors.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for one-third of global cancer mortality, with nearly half being preventable. This study updates the global burden of GI cancers attributed to major risk factors: smoking, alcohol, and metabolic disturbances.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine trends in death and age-standardized death rates related to GI cancers caused by smoking, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 2000 to 2021.

Prolactin levels increased by physical exercise correlate with platelet monoamine oxidase activity: Evidence linking platelet MAO with serotonin release capacity.

Objective: Lower platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has consistently been associated with excessive risk-taking and general psychiatric vulnerability. How this peripheral measure can represent presumably centrally regulated complex behaviours is not clear but platelet MAO activity has been suggested to reflect the capacity of serotonin release in the brain. Secretion of prolactin is in part under serotonergic control and indicates serotonin release capacity.

Retention mechanism on phosphodiester stationary phases in HILIC and purely aqueous mobile phase, Part I: The problem of hold-up volume determination.

Non-destructive chromatographic methods were used to determine the hold-up volumes of four self-packed columns containing embedded phosphate groups. The stationary phases are named Diol-P-C10, Diol-P-C18, Diol-P-Benzyl and Diol-P-Chol. The hydrophobicity of organic ligands bound to the phosphate group increases in the benzyl< decyl < octadecyl View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Recommended Elements of a Musculoskeletal Course for Fourth-Year Medical Students: A Modified Delphi Consensus.

Background And Objectives: A recognized gap exists between primary care physicians' training in musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine and the burden of MSK complaints in primary care. Family medicine interns often lack adequate baseline MSK physical exam skills, which prompted a proposal to introduce a fourth-year preceptorship to reinforce MSK education. The aim of this study was to prioritize the most important elements to include in this new clinical rotation.

Tapinarof Improved Outcomes and Sleep for Patients and Families in Two Phase 3 Atopic Dermatitis Trials in Adults and Children.

Introduction: Tapinarof is a topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist in development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). In two phase 3 trials (ADORING 1 and 2), tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) demonstrated significant efficacy and was well tolerated in patients down to age 2 years with AD. Here, we evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including family impact, with tapinarof in ADORING 1 and 2.

Evaluating the Exposome Score for Schizophrenia in a Transdiagnostic Psychosis Cohort: Associations With Psychosis Risk, Symptom Severity, and Personality Traits.

Background: Investigations of causal pathways for psychosis can be guided by the identification of environmental risk factors. A recently developed composite risk tool, the exposome score for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ), which controls for intercorrelations between risk factors, has shown fair to good performance. We tested the transdiagnostic psychosis classifier performance of the ES-SCZ with the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermedial Phenotypes data and examined its relationship with clinical-level outcomes.

Diminished DNA binding affinity of DMRT1 caused by heterozygous DM domain mutations is a cause of male infertility.

The most severe form of male infertility is idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a complete sperm absence in the ejaculate. We performed exome sequencing in the Croatian infertile brothers with NOA and found a variant in DMRT1 (Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1) gene that was further assessed by the EMSA assay and molecular dynamic simulations. We additionally screened for DMRT1 mutations in 1940 infertile men diagnosed with spermatogenic failure, 644 normozoospermic controls, and 105 females with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) recruited to the GEnetics of Male INfertility Initiative (GEMINI) or Estonian Andrology (ESTAND) cohorts.

Midface Degloving Approach for Total Maxillectomy Without Orbital Exenteration: A Case Series.

Objective: Evaluate the feasibility of the midface degloving approach (MDA) in total maxillectomy without orbital exenteration (TMWOE) and reconstruction for sino-nasal neoplasms.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Marker-assisted selection in segregating populations of tomatoes for resistance to TYLCV, ToMV, and Fusarium wilt.

Background: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and Fusarium wilt are three of tomatoes' most important viral and fungal diseases.

Methods And Results: In this study, the application of molecular markers associated with tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance gene (Ty1), tomato mosaic virus resistance gene (Tm2), and Fusarium wilt resistance gene (I-1) (linked marker) were evaluated. In order to optimize and use SNP markers (by HRM diagnostic method) and SCAR markers, segregating populations of tomatoes were produced by self-pollination of commercial hybrid cultivars.

Misreading Medicine: Statutory Prohibitions of Abortion for Disability.

Abortion prohibitions in some states include carve-outs based on the medical condition of either the mother or the fetus. These carve-outs, however, may be couched in limiting language structured by legislators rather than in language understandable in the context of medical care. In circumstances where legislative bodies fail to adequately incorporate medical professionals in the drafting of medical laws, the resulting vagueness or ambiguity may lead to a lack of utility or viability.

Value driven outcome (VDO) assessment for the treatment of olecranon fractures.

Purpose: Controversy remains about the ideal construct for certain olecranon fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare cost-effectiveness with the value driven outcomes tool between fixation strategies of olecranon fractures.

Methods: All surgically treated isolated proximal ulna fractures (CPT code 24,685) at a level 1 trauma center from 2013 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Galaxy as a gateway to bioinformatics: Multi-Interface Galaxy Hands-on Training Suite (MIGHTS) for scRNA-seq.

Background: Bioinformatics is fundamental to biomedical sciences, but its mastery presents a steep learning curve for bench biologists and clinicians. Learning to code while analyzing data is difficult. The curve may be flattened by separating these two aspects and providing intermediate steps for budding bioinformaticians.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Pediatric Acute Asthma Exacerbations.

Pediatric asthma exacerbations represent a significant cause of emergency department use and hospitalizations. Despite available treatment options, many children's exacerbations are refractory to standard therapies and require adjunct treatments. The Intravenous Magnesium: Prompt use for Asthma in Children Treated in the Emergency Department study investigated the pharmacology of intravenous magnesium sulfate (IVMg) in treating pediatric asthma exacerbations.

The protein cargo of extracellular vesicles correlates with the epigenetic aging clock of exercise sensitive DNAmFitAge.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in inter-organ communication, which becomes particularly relevant during aging and exercise. DNA methylation-based aging clocks reflect lifestyle and environmental factors, while regular exercise is known to induce adaptive responses, including epigenetic adaptations. Twenty individuals with High-fitness (aged 57.

Importance of Post-Reduction CT Scans in Posterior and Transverse Posterior Wall Acetabular Fracture-Dislocations.

Objectives: To report the frequency of patients with pre- and post-reduction computed tomography (CT) scans associated with acetabular fracture-dislocations and the change of associated intra-articular fragments occurring with joint reduction.

Methods: Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Regional Level 1 trauma center.

QRFP43 modulates the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in female sheep.

Since the early discovery of QRFP43, intensive research has been primarily focused on its role in the modulation of food intake. As is widely recognised, the regulation of the body's energy status is a highly complex process involving numerous systems, hormones and neurotransmitters. Among the most important regulators of energy status, alongside the satiety and hunger centre located in the hypothalamus, is the HPT axis, which directly and indirectly affects the regulation of metabolism in all cells of the body.

Local and systemic biodistribution of a small-molecule radiopharmaceutical probe after transcatheter embolization and intra-arterial delivery in a porcine orthotopic renal tumor model.

Background: Small-molecule biomacromolecules target tumor-specific antigens. They are employed as theranostic agents for imaging and treatment. Intravenous small-molecule radioligands exhibit rapid tumor uptake and excretion.

Identifying and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among at-risk Veterans.

Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), an increasing public health concern, remains challenging to diagnose and risk-stratify. We assessed the 1) prevalence of MASLD risk factors among Veterans in Veterans Health Administration (VA) care, 2) factors associated with MASLD diagnosis; and 3) associations between MASLD diagnosis and receipt of care.

Methods: Veterans with MASLD risk factors, including obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, were identified using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes and followed in 2019-2022.

Interstep Variations of Stairways and Associations of High-Contrast Striping and Fall-Related Events: Observational Study.

Background: Interstep variations in step riser height and tread depth within a stairway could negatively impact safe stair negotiation by decreasing step riser height predictability and, consequently, increasing stair users' fall risk. Unfortunately, interstep variations in riser height and depth are common, particularly in older stairways, but its impact may be lessened by highlighting steps' edges using a high-contrast stripe on the top front edge of each step.

Objective: This study aimed to determine (1) if fall-related events are associated with greater interstep riser height and depth variations and (2) if such fall-related events are reduced in the presence of contrast-enhanced step edges compared with a control stairway.

Observer-rated environmental sensitivity and its characterization at behavioral, genetic, and physiological levels.

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Highly Sensitive Child-Rating System (HSC-RS), the existence of sensitivity groups, and the characterization of sensitivity at behavioral, genetic, and physiological levels in 541 preschoolers (() = 3.56(0.27); 45%male; 87%Caucasian).

Organizational readiness for implementation: a qualitative assessment to explain survey responses.

Background: One factor considered essential to successful implementation is organizational readiness. The purpose of this study was to explore ways to improve the measurement of organizational readiness, and in particular to refine a preliminary measure based on the Readiness = Motivation x innovation Specific Capacity x General Capacity (R = MC2) heuristic. We assessed the experiences of staff in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) implementing evidence-based interventions (EBIs) designed to increase colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) who previously completed the survey and aimed to understand their perspectives on why our data were positively skewed.

Circulating immune biomarkers correlating with response in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on immunotherapy.

As multiple front-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations are approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, biomarkers predicting for ICI responses are needed past clinical prognostication scores and transcriptome gene expression profiling. Circulating markers represent opportunities to assess baseline and dynamic changes in immune cell frequency and cytokine levels while on treatment. We conducted an exploratory prospective correlative study of 33 patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma undergoing treatment with ICIs and correlated changes in circulating immune cell subsets and cytokines with clinical responses to treatment.

Learning from Hindsight: Examining Autonomic, Inflammatory, and Endocrine Stress Biomarkers and Mental Health in Healthy Terrorism Survivors Many Years Later.

Introduction: Terrorism and trauma survivors often experience changes in biomarkers of autonomic, inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis assessed at various times. Research suggests interactions of these systems in chronic stress.

Study Objective: This unprecedented retrospective study explores long-term stress biomarkers in three systems in terrorism survivors.

VCP regulates early tau seed amplification via specific cofactors.

Background: Neurodegenerative tauopathies may progress based on seeding by pathological tau assemblies, whereby an aggregate is released from one cell, gains entry to an adjacent or connected cell, and serves as a specific template for its own replication in the cytoplasm. Seeding into the complex cytoplasmic milieu happens within hours, implying the existence of unknown factors that regulate this process.

Methods: We used proximity labeling to identify proteins that control seed amplification within 5 h of seed exposure.