Prevalence of Comprehensive Eye Examination in Preschool Children With Eye Conditions.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of comprehensive eye examinations in multiethnic preschool children, including children with visually significant eye conditions, and identify factors associated with comprehensive eye examinations.

Methods: A sample of 9,197 African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and non-Hispanic White children aged 6-72 months was recruited for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study from 2003 to 2011. Logistic regression performed in 2022 identified independent factors associated with parent-reported history of comprehensive eye examinations.

Comparison of Retinal Metabolic Activity and Structural Development between rd10 Mice and Normal Mice Using Multiphoton Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a technique that analyzes the metabolic state of tissues based on the spatial distribution of fluorescence lifetimes of certain interacting molecules. We used multiphoton FLIM to study the metabolic state of developing C57BL6/J and rd10 retinas based on the fluorescence lifetimes of free versus bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), with free NAD(P)H percentages suggesting increased glycolysis and bound NAD(P)H percentages indicating oxidative phosphorylation. The mice were sacrificed and enucleated at various time points throughout their first 3 months of life.

Scaling up polarized RPE cell supernatant production on parylene membrane.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss, primarily arises from the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. Current therapeutic options for dry AMD are limited. Encouragingly, cultured RPE cells on parylene-based biomimetic Bruch's membrane demonstrate characteristics akin to the native RPE layer.

An unexpected turn: a case of torsional anomalous retinal correspondence after myectomy of previously anteriorized inferior oblique muscles in a child.

We report a case of torsional diplopia caused by presumed torsional anomalous retinal correspondence after myectomy of previously asymmetrically anteriorized inferior oblique muscles for inferior oblique overaction. Given this patient's experience, it may be prudent to operate with caution on previously anteriorized inferior oblique muscles, especially when anteriorization is performed at a very young age.

P-ANCA Vasculitis Presenting with Orbital Infiltration.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) may affect the eye or orbit, and ophthalmic manifestations of AAV are associated with higher mortality than other inflammatory eye diseases. Perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA) vasculitis is an uncommon cause of orbital inflammation. A 70-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease presented with a 1-year history of orbital mass and edema around her OD.

Anterior plaque brachytherapy placement for treatment of iris and iridociliary melanomas - Surgical procedure and institutional experience.

Surgical placement of eye plaque brachytherapy (EPB) is the standard of care for the treatment of uveal melanomas, including iris/iridociliary melanomas. However, unique challenges exist in anterior EPB placement. Here, we describe a surgical technique for anterior EPB placement when placement requires plaque positioning onto the cornea.

Long-term Follow-up of a Phase 1/2a Clinical Trial of a Stem Cell-Derived Bioengineered Retinal Pigment Epithelium Implant for Geographic Atrophy.

Purpose: To report long-term results from a phase 1/2a clinical trial assessment of a scaffold-based human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) implant in patients with advanced geographic atrophy (GA).

Design: A single-arm, open-label phase 1/2a clinical trial approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

Participants: Patients were 69-85 years of age at the time of enrollment and were legally blind in the treated eye (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA], ≤ 20/200) as a result of GA involving the fovea.

Response of 21 Hyaluronic Acid Fillers to Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase.

Background: One benefit of hyaluronic acid fillers is the ability to dissolve them using hyaluronidase. With the increasing number of fillers entering the market, it is crucial to understand each of these fillers' responsiveness to hyaluronidase.

Methods: Twenty-one hyaluronic acid fillers of 0.

Frequency and Pattern of Worldwide Ocular Gene Therapy Clinical Trials up to 2022.

The purpose of this study is to describe worldwide gene therapy clinical trials aimed at treating ophthalmic disorders. Information regarding all worldwide clinical trials was collected through 15 different sources, including ClinicalTrials.gov.

Accuracy of intraoperative aberrometry versus modern preoperative methods in post-myopic laser vision correction eyes undergoing cataract surgery with capsular tension ring placement.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of intraoperative wavefront aberrometry (IWA) versus modern intraocular lens formulas in post-myopic laser vision correction (LVC) patients undergoing cataract surgery with capsular tension ring placement.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review conducted at an academic outpatient center. All post-myopic LVC eyes undergoing cataract surgery with IWA from a single surgeon from 05/2017 to 12/2019 were included.

Aqueous Shunts with Extraocular Reservoir for Open-Angle Adult Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To evaluate the recently published literature on the efficacy and safety of the use of aqueous shunts with extraocular reservoir for the management of adult open-angle glaucomas (OAGs).

Methods: A search of peer-reviewed literature was last conducted in April 2023 of the PubMed database and included only articles published since the last aqueous shunt Ophthalmic Technology Assessment, which assessed articles published before 2008. The abstracts of these 419 articles were examined, and 58 studies were selected for full-text analysis.

Central Visual Field Testing in Early Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To evaluate the current published literature on the utility of the 10-2 visual field (VF) testing strategy for the evaluation and management of early glaucoma, defined here as mean deviation (MD) better than -6 decibels (dB).

Methods: A search of the peer-reviewed literature was last conducted in June 2023 in the PubMed database. Abstracts of 986 articles were examined to exclude reviews and non-English-language articles.

Trabecular Procedures Combined with Cataract Surgery for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction of various trabecular procedures (a form of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery [MIGS]) combined with cataract surgery compared with cataract surgery alone, to compare the safety of the various trabecular procedures, and to highlight patient characteristics that may favor one trabecular procedure over another.

Methods: A search of English-language peer-reviewed literature in the PubMed database was initially conducted in February 2021 and updated in April 2023. This yielded 279 articles.

Aqueous Humor Liquid Biopsy as a Companion Diagnostic for Retinoblastoma: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Options: Five Years of Progress.

Purpose: To define the prospective use of the aqueous humor (AH) as a molecular diagnostic and prognostic liquid biopsy for retinoblastoma (RB).

Methods: This is a prospective, observational study wherein an AH liquid biopsy is performed at diagnosis and longitudinally through therapy for patients with RB. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA is isolated and sequenced for single nucleotide variant analysis of the RB1 gene and detection of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs).

Ultrafast longitudinal imaging of haemodynamics via single-shot volumetric photoacoustic tomography with a single-element detector.

Techniques for imaging haemodynamics use ionizing radiation or contrast agents or are limited by imaging depth (within approximately 1 mm), complex and expensive data-acquisition systems, or low imaging speeds, system complexity or cost. Here we show that ultrafast volumetric photoacoustic imaging of haemodynamics in the human body at up to 1 kHz can be achieved using a single laser pulse and a single element functioning as 6,400 virtual detectors. The technique, which does not require recalibration for different objects or during long-term operation, enables the longitudinal volumetric imaging of haemodynamics in vasculature a few millimetres below the skin's surface.

Multicentre analysis of nucleic acid quantification using aqueous humour liquid biopsy in uveal melanoma: implications for clinical testing.

Objective: Uveal melanoma (UM) tumour biopsy is limited by size and intratumour heterogeneity. We explored the potential of aqueous humour (AH) liquid biopsy for UM by quantifying analytes in samples collected at diagnosis and after brachytherapy to look for clinical correlations with tumour features.

Design: Case-series study.

Obtaining High-Quality Cryosections of Whole Rabbit Eye.

This protocol describes how to obtain high-quality retinal cryosections in larger animals, such as rabbits. After enucleation, the eye is briefly immersed in the fixative. Then, the cornea and iris are removed and the eye is left overnight for additional fixation at 4 °C.

Bias and Inaccuracy in AI Chatbot Ophthalmologist Recommendations.

Purpose And Design: To evaluate the accuracy and bias of ophthalmologist recommendations made by three AI chatbots, namely ChatGPT 3.5 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA), Bing Chat (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA), and Google Bard (Alphabet Inc.

Proteopathy Linked to Exon-Skipping Isoform of RGR-Opsin Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Proteopathy is believed to contribute to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Much research indicates that AMD begins in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is associated with formation of extracellular drusen, a clinical hallmark of AMD. Human RPE produces a drusen-associated abnormal protein, the exon Ⅵ-skipping splice isoform of retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR-d).

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR IN PATIENTS WITH NYSTAGMUS.

Purpose: To report the anatomical and visual outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair in patients with congenital or acquired nystagmus.

Methods: This was a case series involving a retrospective review of medical records from January 1, 2015, to April 1, 2021, of eight eyes of eight patients (seven men and one woman) with documented nystagmus who underwent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Primary outcomes included final reattachment rate and single surgery anatomical success at three months postoperatively.

Erratum to "Highly Integrated Multiplexing and Buffering Electronics for Large Aperture Ultrasonic Arrays".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34133/2022/9870386.].

Rare Tumors: Opportunities and challenges from the Children's Oncology Group perspective.

While all childhood cancers are rare, tumors that are particularly infrequent or underrepresented within pediatrics are studied under the umbrella of the Children's Oncology Group Rare Tumor committee, divided into the Retinoblastoma and Infrequent Tumor subcommittees. The Infrequent Tumor subcommittee has traditionally included an emphasis on globally rare tumors such as adrenocortical carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or those tumors that are rare in young children, despite being common in adolescents and young adults, such as colorectal carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and melanoma. Pleuropulmonary blastoma, gonadal stromal tumors, pancreatic tumors including pancreatoblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, nonmelanoma skin cancers, neuroendocrine tumors, and desmoplastic small round cell tumors, as well as other carcinomas are also included under the heading of the Children's Oncology Group Rare Tumor committee.

Aberrant gene expression yet undiminished retinal ganglion cell genesis in iPSC-derived models of optic nerve hypoplasia.

Background: Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), the leading congenital cause of permanent blindness, is characterized by a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) deficit at birth. Multifactorial developmental events are hypothesized to underlie ONH and its frequently associated neurologic and endocrine abnormalities; however, environmental influences are unclear and genetic underpinnings are unexplored. This work investigates the genetic contribution to ONH RGC production and gene expression using patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids (ROs).