Prospective Associations of Exposure to Discrimination and Alcohol Use: A National Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: This study examined prospective associations of perceived discrimination experience and past-week alcohol use among U.S. adults.

Effects of exposure to snus marketing with versus without modified risk tobacco product claims on snus use intention and perceived harm among young adults.

Background: We tested whether snus marketing with modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims: (a) promotes accurate knowledge about snus's health effects in young adults and (b) encourages use intentions in only those who use combustible tobacco without attracting other young adult populations.

Methods: A randomised between-subjects experiment was embedded in a 2020 web survey of participants from Los Angeles (aged 19-23 years). Participants viewed mass-marketed snus advertising materials with (n=1212) vs without (n=1225) US Food and Drug Administration-authorised MRTP claims.

Association of Race-Ethnicity Intersection With Disparities in Cigarette Smoking in U.S. Adults.

Introduction: Detailed estimates of disparities in cigarette smoking across single- and multi-race groups and their intersections with ethnicity are lacking. This study estimates the prevalence of self-reported current smoking among intersecting adult race-ethnicity groups in the United States.

Aims And Methods: The analysis uses 2018-2019 data from the Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Supplement (TUS-CPS; n = 137 471).

"What was the vibe you were going for?" SAM Behaviors and Socialization During the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Qualitative Approach.

Introduction: Marijuana use is at historic highs amongst college-aged adults, who are more likely to engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) than other age cohorts. For college students, the COVID-19 pandemic is a unique transitory phenomenon that led to isolation, as well as changes in socialization, academic environments, and substance use. This exploratory qualitative study aims to understand SAM socialization and motivation behaviors among college students.

A randomized controlled trial of recovery management checkups for primary care patients: Twelve-month results.

Background: Primary care settings like federally qualified health centers (FQHC) are optimal locations to identify individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) and link them to SUD treatment, yet successful linkage has proven difficult. Recovery management checkups for primary care (RMC-PC) is a promising method for increasing linkage to care, engagement in treatment, and reducing substance use.

Methods: Participants (n = 266) who received screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) at four FQHC sites and needed SUD treatment were randomized to receive SBIRT only or SBIRT+RMC-PC.

Pain Trajectories among U.S. Veterans During COVID-19.

Physical pain is highly prevalent among military veterans. As stress can impact pain, COVID-19-related stressors may have heightened pain among veterans. A prospective analysis of pain could advance understanding of how veterans fared during COVID-19 and lend knowledge of risk factors important beyond the pandemic.

A mobile-based pregaming drinking prevention intervention for college students: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Pregaming is among the riskiest drinking behaviors in which college students engage, often leading to elevated blood alcohol levels and negative alcohol-related consequences. Yet, tailored interventions to reduce risk associated with pregaming are lacking. The present study was designed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a brief, mobile-based intervention targeting heavy drinking during pregaming among college students, called Pregaming Awareness in College Environments (PACE).

Differentiating Reasons for Young Adult E-cigarette Use Using Maximum Difference Choice Models.

Introduction: Understanding the reasons young adults use e-cigarettes (ie, vape)-and whether these motivations vary across groups-is essential for informing tobacco regulatory efforts.

Aims And Methods: An online panel of young adults who vape (n = 230; age = 18-30 years) completed a maximum difference discrete choice task for 15 reasons for vaping. Over 9 choice sets, participants were presented a subset of 5 reasons and selected the most and least important.

Willingness to Use Commercial Nicotine Gums, Lozenges, and Gummies Among Nontobacco Using Adolescents in Southern California.

Purpose: New oral nicotine products (ONPs), often advertised as "tobacco-free" (i.e., pouches, gum, lozenges, gummies), come in nontobacco flavors appealing to adolescents.

Differences in intention to use flavored oral nicotine products among young adult e-cigarette users and non-users.

New oral nicotine products (ONPs; nicotine pouches, gums, lozenges, and gummies), which are regulated as nonmedicinal tobacco products in the U.S., have flavors and other characteristics that previously attracted young adults to e-cigarettes.

A Longitudinal Study of Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Young Adulthood: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Peer and Parental Influences From Middle Adolescence.

Objective: This study assessed how changes from middle adolescence to young adulthood in peer and parental influences relate to frequency of alcohol and cannabis use in young adulthood and evaluated the differences between three racial/ethnic groups.

Method: The analytic sample ( = 2,808; 52.9% female; 54% Hispanic, 22.

Influences of poly-victimization on adolescents' pre-treatment cognitive motivations and post-treatment outcomes.

Introduction: Substance use treatment outcomes are challenging to predict: myriad potentially relevant factors influence outcomes, including age, sex, motivations, and history of victimization.

Methods: The current study seeks to assess these factors in adolescents through an evaluation of the relationship between distinct victimization profiles, sex, and cognitive factors related to substance use treatment outcomes-specifically motivation, self-efficacy, and reasons for quitting-and the relationship between these factors and posttreatment outcomes. We report sex differences in the prevalence of specific types of victimization; females are more likely than males to report poly-victimization alongside higher levels of traumagenic characteristics such as fearing for your life, chronic abuse, abuse by a trusted individual, or negative reactions to disclosure.

Adolescent Use of Flavored Non-Tobacco Oral Nicotine Products.

Background And Objectives: Flavored non-tobacco oral nicotine products (eg, nicotine pouches and nontherapeutic nicotine gum, lozenges, tablets, gummies), are increasingly marketed in the United States. Prevalence of non-tobacco oral nicotine product use among adolescents is unknown.

Methods: We calculated prevalence of ever and past 6-month use of nicotine pouches, other non-tobacco oral nicotine products (ie, gum, lozenges, tablets, and/or gummies), e-cigarettes, cigarettes, hookah or waterpipe, cigars, cigarillos, and snus among high school students in Southern California between September and December 2021.

Moral injury events and behavioral health outcomes among American veterans.

Among American veterans, the behavioral health impact of potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) has recently garnered attention. There is heterogeneity in the types of experiences that are classified as PMIEs, and different PMIEs may be differentially associated with various outcomes. We aimed to explore heterogeneity in PMIEs among veterans, and whether PMIE classes are differentially associated with several behavioral health outcomes (i.

Sex Differences in the Association of E-cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use With Self-Reported Hypertension Incidence in US Adults.

Background: While there is some evidence and conceptual plausibility that tobacco product use is associated with hypertension incidence and that this association varies by sex, extant longitudinal research had been conducted prior to the emergence of e-cigarette and dual e-cigarette and cigarette use.

Aims And Methods: Data were analyzed from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study for adults with no lifetime history of hypertension at wave 1 (2013-2014) who completed waves 2-4 follow-up surveys (2014-2018; n = 16 434). Sex-stratified weighted covariate-adjusted multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine the association between established current e-cigarette or cigarette exclusive or dual-use (as a time-varying and time-lagged regressor) and subsequent self-reported hypertension onset.

A mobile-based pregaming drinking prevention intervention for college students: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pregaming is a high-drink context popular among college students that often leads to elevated blood alcohol levels and negative consequences. Over 15 years of research studies have demonstrated that pregaming represents one of the riskiest known behaviors among college students, yet no pregaming-specific interventions have been developed to help prevent this behavior. General brief interventions for students do not reduce pregaming behavior and may not be appropriate, as they do not help students develop skills unique to the pregaming context that could help them drink less.

Young Adults' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep and Other Functioning: Does It Differ for Sexual/Gender and Racial/Ethnic Minorities?

Objectives: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been concern that the pandemic and associated mitigation efforts would have a particularly adverse effect on communities that are marginalized. This study examined disparities in the perceived impacts of the pandemic on sleep, mental and physical health, social functioning, and substance use among young adults based on sexual/gender minority (SGM) status and race/ethnicity.

Method: Participants were 2,411 young adults (mean age = 23.

What's sleep got to do with it? Longitudinal associations between insomnia, PTSD, and alcohol use among U.S. Veterans.

U.S. veterans are at risk for insomnia, which often co-occurs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use.

Substance Use, Financial Stress, Employment Disruptions, and Anxiety among Veterans during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in financial, employment, and mental health challenges. In general, American veterans report high rates of substance use, which may be influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Those with pre-existing mental health problems, employment disruptions, or financial stress may be particularly vulnerable.

Expanding adverse child experiences to inequality and racial discrimination.

There is a well-established correlation between health and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Arguments have been made to expand ACE scales to include indicators of racism and structural inequalities. In this paper, we use nationally representative data to examine the relationships between latent groups of an expanded adversity scale and a broad range of child health outcomes.

Stressors experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and substance use among US college students.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused numerous stressors that may have been linked to substance use among college students.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Fall 2020 Healthy Minds Study ( = 15,995), a non-probability sample of students attending one of 28 universities, who completed an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic (September - December 2020). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the associations between COVID-19 stressors (concern, racial/ethnic discrimination, financial distress, infection, illness of loved one, death of loved one, caregiving) and substance use (alcohol, cigarette, marijuana), adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and international student status.

Cross-Lagged Associations of Insecure Attachment Style, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Behavior During Emerging Adulthood.

Insecure romantic attachment style has been associated with greater substance use and higher risk sexual behavior, but the temporal nature of these associations is not well-understood. This study examined whether having a more insecure attachment style was associated with greater engagement in higher-risk sexual behavior over time and, if so, whether this was mediated by more frequent alcohol use. We used three annual waves of survey data from a diverse California cohort (N = 2371) who were assessed from ages 19 to 21-22 years.

Late Adolescent Predictors of Homelessness and Food Insecurity During Emerging Adulthood.

Purpose: Economic instability is a significant and growing problem among emerging adults in the U.S. This study identifies adolescent factors across multiple levels of influence that predict homelessness and food insecurity 5 years later.