A randomized controlled trial of recovery management checkups for primary care patients: Twelve-month results.

Background: Primary care settings like federally qualified health centers (FQHC) are optimal locations to identify individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) and link them to SUD treatment, yet successful linkage has proven difficult. Recovery management checkups for primary care (RMC-PC) is a promising method for increasing linkage to care, engagement in treatment, and reducing substance use.

Methods: Participants (n = 266) who received screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) at four FQHC sites and needed SUD treatment were randomized to receive SBIRT only or SBIRT+RMC-PC.

Pain Trajectories among U.S. Veterans During COVID-19.

Physical pain is highly prevalent among military veterans. As stress can impact pain, COVID-19-related stressors may have heightened pain among veterans. A prospective analysis of pain could advance understanding of how veterans fared during COVID-19 and lend knowledge of risk factors important beyond the pandemic.

Using recovery management checkups for primary care to improve linkage to alcohol and other drug use treatment: a randomized controlled trial three month findings.

Background And Aims: Recovery management checkups (RMC) have established efficacy for linking patients to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This study tested whether using RMC in combination with screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT), versus SBIRT alone, can improve linkage of primary care patients referred to SUD treatment.

Design: A randomized controlled trial of SBIRT as usual (n = 132) versus SBIRT plus recovery management checkups for primary care (RMC-PC) (n = 134) with follow-up assessments at 3 months post-baseline.

A Longitudinal Study of Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Young Adulthood: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Peer and Parental Influences From Middle Adolescence.

Objective: This study assessed how changes from middle adolescence to young adulthood in peer and parental influences relate to frequency of alcohol and cannabis use in young adulthood and evaluated the differences between three racial/ethnic groups.

Method: The analytic sample ( = 2,808; 52.9% female; 54% Hispanic, 22.

Influences of poly-victimization on adolescents' pre-treatment cognitive motivations and post-treatment outcomes.

Introduction: Substance use treatment outcomes are challenging to predict: myriad potentially relevant factors influence outcomes, including age, sex, motivations, and history of victimization.

Methods: The current study seeks to assess these factors in adolescents through an evaluation of the relationship between distinct victimization profiles, sex, and cognitive factors related to substance use treatment outcomes-specifically motivation, self-efficacy, and reasons for quitting-and the relationship between these factors and posttreatment outcomes. We report sex differences in the prevalence of specific types of victimization; females are more likely than males to report poly-victimization alongside higher levels of traumagenic characteristics such as fearing for your life, chronic abuse, abuse by a trusted individual, or negative reactions to disclosure.

Moral injury events and behavioral health outcomes among American veterans.

Among American veterans, the behavioral health impact of potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) has recently garnered attention. There is heterogeneity in the types of experiences that are classified as PMIEs, and different PMIEs may be differentially associated with various outcomes. We aimed to explore heterogeneity in PMIEs among veterans, and whether PMIE classes are differentially associated with several behavioral health outcomes (i.

A mobile-based pregaming drinking prevention intervention for college students: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pregaming is a high-drink context popular among college students that often leads to elevated blood alcohol levels and negative consequences. Over 15 years of research studies have demonstrated that pregaming represents one of the riskiest known behaviors among college students, yet no pregaming-specific interventions have been developed to help prevent this behavior. General brief interventions for students do not reduce pregaming behavior and may not be appropriate, as they do not help students develop skills unique to the pregaming context that could help them drink less.

Young Adults' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep and Other Functioning: Does It Differ for Sexual/Gender and Racial/Ethnic Minorities?

Objectives: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been concern that the pandemic and associated mitigation efforts would have a particularly adverse effect on communities that are marginalized. This study examined disparities in the perceived impacts of the pandemic on sleep, mental and physical health, social functioning, and substance use among young adults based on sexual/gender minority (SGM) status and race/ethnicity.

Method: Participants were 2,411 young adults (mean age = 23.

Sex differences in poly-victimization among youth experiencing homelessness prior to substance use treatment.

Background: Poly-victimization is common among youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) and youth in substance use treatment. To date, studies have not examined poly-victimization among these two intersecting populations.

Objective: To examine heterogeneity in lifetime victimization experiences among youth reporting homelessness at substance use treatment entry; identify demographic predictors of victimization class membership; and associations between victimization and clinical characteristics at treatment intake.

What's sleep got to do with it? Longitudinal associations between insomnia, PTSD, and alcohol use among U.S. Veterans.

U.S. veterans are at risk for insomnia, which often co-occurs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use.

Maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms and family conflict: An autoregressive cross-lagged examination of competing models in multi-stressed mothers and adolescents.

Maternal and adolescent depression are challenges that often co-occur. Many studies have drawn bivariate associations between maternal depressive symptoms, adolescent depressive symptoms, and family conflict, but few have examined reciprocal effects. Even among extant studies, there is a lack of clarity related to directionality of influence.

Substance Use, Financial Stress, Employment Disruptions, and Anxiety among Veterans during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in financial, employment, and mental health challenges. In general, American veterans report high rates of substance use, which may be influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Those with pre-existing mental health problems, employment disruptions, or financial stress may be particularly vulnerable.

Expanding adverse child experiences to inequality and racial discrimination.

There is a well-established correlation between health and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Arguments have been made to expand ACE scales to include indicators of racism and structural inequalities. In this paper, we use nationally representative data to examine the relationships between latent groups of an expanded adversity scale and a broad range of child health outcomes.

Cross-Lagged Associations of Insecure Attachment Style, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Behavior During Emerging Adulthood.

Insecure romantic attachment style has been associated with greater substance use and higher risk sexual behavior, but the temporal nature of these associations is not well-understood. This study examined whether having a more insecure attachment style was associated with greater engagement in higher-risk sexual behavior over time and, if so, whether this was mediated by more frequent alcohol use. We used three annual waves of survey data from a diverse California cohort (N = 2371) who were assessed from ages 19 to 21-22 years.

Late Adolescent Predictors of Homelessness and Food Insecurity During Emerging Adulthood.

Purpose: Economic instability is a significant and growing problem among emerging adults in the U.S. This study identifies adolescent factors across multiple levels of influence that predict homelessness and food insecurity 5 years later.

Mental health symptoms among American veterans during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We examined the symptom trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among 1,230 American veterans assessed online one month prior to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States (February 2020) through the next year (August 2020, November 2020, February 2021). Veterans slightly increased mental health symptoms over time and those with pre-pandemic alcohol and cannabis use disorders reported greater symptoms compared to those without. Women and racial/ethnic minority veterans reported greater symptoms pre-pandemic but less steep increases over time compared to men and white veterans.

American Veterans in the Era of COVID-19: Reactions to the Pandemic, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Substance Use Behaviors.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have a compounding effect on the substance use of American veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the relationship between PTSD and current reactions to COVID-19 on alcohol and cannabis use among veterans who completed a survey 1 month prior to the pandemic in the USA and a 6-month follow-up survey. We hypothesized that veterans with PTSD would experience more negative reactions to COVID-19 and increased alcohol and cannabis use behaviors over those without PTSD.

Substance use, depression, and loneliness among American veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background And Objectives: Behavioral health issues, such as substance use, depression, and social isolation, are of grave concern during COVID-19, especially for vulnerable populations. One such population is US veterans, who have high rates of pre-existing behavioral health conditions and may thus be at-risk for poorer outcomes. The current study aimed to investigate substance use among US veterans during COVID-19 as a function of pre-existing depression, loneliness, and social support.

Co-use of Tobacco Products and Cannabis among Veterans: A Preliminary Investigation of Prevalence and Associations with Mental Health Outcomes.

While tobacco product (such as combustible cigarettes and nicotine vaping products) and cannabis use rates remain high in the general United States (U.S.) population, veterans from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (i.

Changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic among American veterans.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had considerable behavioral health implications globally. One subgroup that may be of particular concern is U.S.

Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Use While Pregaming: The Moderating Role of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms.

The study evaluated the moderating role of anxiety and depression symptoms on the association between subscales on the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Pregaming (PBSP) scale (safety and familiarity, setting drink limits, pacing drinking, and minimizing intoxication) and alcohol consumption during pregaming. Participants were 359 traditional age undergraduate college students ( = 20,  = 1.37; 61.

Sex work, gender transition, family rejection and depressive symptoms among transgender women in India.

Transgender women in India face unique stressors associated with minority experiences, such as experiences of gender transition and participation in sex work. However, the relationship between sex work, transition and mental health outcomes is understudied in this population. This article aims to examine the association between gender transition status, sex work, family rejection and depressive symptoms among transgender women in India.

Longitudinal effects of adverse childhood experiences on substance use transition patterns during young adulthood.

Background: Few studies have investigated how adverse childhood experiences are associated with substance use patterns during young adulthood, a crucial developmental period.

Objective: The objective of this study was to extend current knowledge on the association between adverse childhood experiences and patterns of substance use among young adults. We also sought to understand how current mental health status and biological sex influences these patterns.