Optimization of Existing RNA Visualization Methods Reveals Novel Dendritic mRNA Dynamics.

Background: Spatial-temporal control of mRNA translation in dendrites is important for synaptic plasticity. In response to pre-synaptic stimuli, local mRNA translation can be rapidly triggered near stimulated synapses to supply the necessary proteins for synapse maturation or elimination, and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) are responsible for proper localization of mRNAs in dendrites. Although is a robust technique for analyzing RNA localization in fixed neurons, live-cell imaging of RNA dynamics remains challenging.

Carotenoids: resources, knowledge, and emerging tools to advance apocarotenoid research.

Carotenoids are a large class of isoprenoid compounds which are biosynthesized by plants, algae, along with certain fungi, bacteria and insects. In plants, carotenoids provide crucial functions in photosynthesis and photoprotection. Furthermore, carotenoids also serve as precursors to apocarotenoids, which are derived through enzymatic and non-enzymatic cleavage reactions.

Unique electronic and optical properties of stacking-modulated bilayer graphene under external magnetic fields.

This study delves into the magneto-electronic and magneto-optical properties of stacking-modulated bilayer graphene. By manipulating domain walls (DWs) across AB-BA domains periodically, we unveil oscillatory Landau subbands and the associated optical excitations. The DWs act as periodic potentials, yielding fascinating 1D spectral features.

ALYREF/THOC4 expression and cell growth modulation in retinoblastoma.

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ALYREF/THOC4, a poor prognostic factor in different cancer types, has potential as a drug target and prognostic biomarker for retinoblastoma (RB). Immunostaining (IHC), Western blot, and RT-qPCR analyses detected overexpression of ALYREF in the RB cell lines Y79, RB143, WERI-RB1, and RB116. IHC analysis on RB tumor array showed that 11/14 of RB tumors were ALYREF+ to varying degrees, with eight tumors at maximum 3+ intensity.

Electronic structure and optical spectral analysis of the MnO42- anion with consideration of site and Jahn-Teller distortion.

The ground state of 3d1 MnO42- was studied by density functional theory (DFT) and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) methods in terms of a variety of molecular point group structures to ascertain the site and Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion effect. Modeling results from UB3LYP/6-31+G(d) calculations with natural bond orbital analysis show the four Mn-O bonds are coordinate covalent. The one-electron matrix elements from CASSCF(AILFT) (ab initio ligand field theory) with a second order perturbation treatment were used to calculate the parameters of the angular overlap model.

How trace plots help interpret meta-analysis results.

The trace plot is seldom used in meta-analysis, yet it is a very informative plot. In this article, we define and illustrate what the trace plot is, and discuss why it is important. The Bayesian version of the plot combines the posterior density of , the between-study standard deviation, and the shrunken estimates of the study effects as a function of .

Polaritonic and excitonic semiclassical time crystals based on TMDC strips in an external periodic potential.

We investigated the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) under an external periodic potential. We consider two such systems, the first being made of exciton-polaritons in a nanoribbon of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as MoSe[Formula: see text], embedded in a microcavity with a spatial curvature, which serves as the source of the external periodic potential. The second, made of bare excitons in a nanoribbon of twisted TMDC bilayer, which naturally creates a periodic Moiré potential that can be controlled by the twist angle.

Diminazene aceturate-induced cytotoxicity is associated with the deregulation of cell cycle signaling and downregulation of oncogenes Furin, c-MYC, and FOXM1 in human cervical carcinoma Hela cells.

Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an FDA-listed small molecule known for the treatment of African sleeping sickness. In vivo studies showed that DIZE may be beneficial for a range of human ailments. However, there is very limited information on the effects of DIZE on human cancer cells.

Effects of a physical education intervention on attention and inhibitory control in Ecuadorian children with intellectual disabilities.

Studies on physical activity interventions indicated a facilitative effect on cognitive performance in persons with intellectual disabilities; however, research is scarce, especially in low/middle-income countries. We explored the effects of a 6-week enriched physical education program on inhibitory control and attention functions in Ecuadorian children with intellectual disabilities. Thirty children with mild intellectual disabilities (10-14 years old) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group.

Non-avian theropod phalanges from the marine Fox Hills Formation (Maastrichtian), western South Dakota, USA.

We report here the first dinosaur skeletal material described from the marine Fox Hills Formation (Maastrichtian) of western South Dakota. The find consists of two theropod pedal phalanges: one recovered from the middle part of the Fairpoint Member in Meade County, South Dakota; and the other from the Iron Lightning Member in Ziebach County, South Dakota. Comparison with pedal phalanges of other theropods suggests strongly that the Fairpoint specimen is a right pedal phalanx, possibly III-2, from a large ornithomimid.

Quivers, Lattice Gauge Theories, and Fractons.

We argue that quiver gauge theories with SU(N) gauge groups give rise to lattice gauge theories with matter possessing fractonic properties, where the lattice is the quiver itself. This idea extends a recent proposal by Razamat. This class of theories exhibit a Z_{N} 1-form global symmetry that can be used to classify their phases.

Superfluidity of Dipolar Excitons in a Double Layer of - with a Mass Term.

We predict Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of dipolar excitons, formed by electron-hole pairs in spatially separated gapped hexagonal α-T3 (GHAT3) layers. In the α-T3 model, the AB-honeycomb lattice structure is supplemented with C atoms located at the centers of the hexagons in the lattice. We considered the α-T3 model in the presence of a mass term which opens a gap in the energy-dispersive spectrum.

Strain-induced quantum Hall phenomena of excitons in graphene.

We study direct and indirect pseudomagnetoexcitons, formed by an electron and a hole in the layers of gapped graphene under strain-induced gauge pseudomagnetic field. Since the strain-induced pseudomagnetic field acts on electrons and holes the same way, it occurs that the properties of single pseudomagnetoexcitons, their collective effects and phase diagram are cardinally different from those of magnetoexcitons in a real magnetic field. We have derived wave functions and energy spectrum of direct in a monolayer and indirect pseudomagnetoexcitons in a double layer of gapped graphene.

Two-Loop Four-Fermion Scattering Amplitude in QED.

We present the first fully analytic evaluation of the transition amplitude for the scattering of a massless into a massive pair of fermions at the two-loop level in quantum electrodynamics. Our result is an essential ingredient for the determination of the electromagnetic coupling within scattering reactions, beyond the currently known accuracy, which has a crucial impact on the evaluation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. It will allow, in particular, for a precise determination of the leading hadronic contribution to the (g-2)_{μ} in the MUonE experiment at CERN, and therefore can be used to shed light on the current discrepancy between the standard model prediction and the experimental measurement for this important physical observable.

Extracellular vesicles released by human retinal pigment epithelium mediate increased polarised secretion of drusen proteins in response to AMD stressors.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Drusen are key contributors to the etiology of AMD and the ability to modulate drusen biogenesis could lead to therapeutic strategies to slow or halt AMD progression. The mechanisms underlying drusen biogenesis, however, remain mostly unknown.

Human retinal organoids release extracellular vesicles that regulate gene expression in target human retinal progenitor cells.

The mechanisms underlying retinal development have not been completely elucidated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel essential mediators of cell-to-cell communication with emerging roles in developmental processes. Nevertheless, the identification of EVs in human retinal tissue, characterization of their cargo, and analysis of their potential role in retina development has not been accomplished.

Plumbagin Induces Cytotoxicity Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Caspase Activation in Metastatic Retinoblastoma.

Background/aim: We investigated the cytotoxic effects of plumbagin on metastatic retinoblastoma, using the highly metastatic cell line Y79.

Materials And Methods: Effect of plumbagin on cell growth was assessed with water-soluble tetrazolium 1 (WST-1) cell proliferation assay and automated hemocytometry with trypan blue-exclusion assay. Cell death was studied with acridine orange/ethidium bromide live-dead assay and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide microscopy.

Cognitive bias and severity of harm following surgery: Plan for workflow debiasing strategy.

Introduction: This study analyzes the relationship between cognitive bias (CB) and harm severity as measured by Clavien-Dindo Scores (CD).

Methods: A prospectively collected series of 655 severity matched general surgical cases with complications were analyzed. Cases were evaluated for CB and assigned harm scores as defined by CD grade.

A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species' Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task.

The Stroop effect describes interference in cognitive processing due to competing cognitive demands. Presenting emotionally laden stimuli creates similar Stroop-like effects that result from participants' attention being drawn to distractor stimuli. Here, we adapted the methods of a pictorial Stroop study for use with chimpanzees (N = 6), gorillas (N = 7), and Japanese macaques (N = 6).

Immunohistochemical localization of prolactin receptor (PRLR) to Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Prolactin receptor (PRLR), a type-1 cytokine receptor, is overexpressed in a number of cancer types. It has attracted much attention for putative pro-oncogenic roles, which however, remains controversial in some malignancies. In this study, we reported the localization of PRLR to the Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), a neoplasm of predominantly B cell origin.

Luteolin Induces Cytotoxicity in Mix Cellularity Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma Caspase Activated-cell Death.

Background/aim: We investigated the effects of luteolin (LUT) on classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), since such studies in malignant lymphomas are lacking.

Materials And Methods: Effect of LUT on cell growth was assessed with water-soluble tetrazolium 1 (WST-1) cell proliferation assay and automated hemocytometry on trypan blue-exclusion assay. Cell death was investigated with acridine orange/ethidium bromide live-dead assay, propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry, and Annexin-V-PI microscopy.

Publisher Correction: Island Ancestors and New World Biogeography: A Case Study from the Scorpions (Buthidae: Centruroidinae).

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Modulation of the Pol II CTD Phosphorylation Code by Rac1 and Cdc42 Small GTPases in Cultured Human Cancer Cells and Its Implication for Developing a Synthetic-Lethal Cancer Therapy.

Rho GTPases, including Rho, Cdc42, Rac and ROP subfamilies, are key signaling molecules in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcriptional control. Our prior work has shown that plant ROP and yeast Cdc42 GTPases similarly modulate Ser2 and Ser5 phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the Pol II largest subunit by regulating CTD phosphatase degradation. Here, we present genetic and pharmacological evidence showing that Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPase signaling modulates a similar CTD Ser2 and Ser5 phosphorylation code in cultured human cancer cells.

The effects of trace narasin on the biogeochemical N-cycle in a cultivated sandy loam.

Narasin is an antibiotic administered to broiler chickens to prevent coccidiosis. After storage, excreta containing parent narasin compounds is commonly spread as nitrogen fertilizer, yielding initial soil concentrations in the low μg·kg range. In soil, antibiotics have been found to modify one or more pathways in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle.

Elucidating Carotenoid Biosynthetic Enzyme Localization and Interactions Using Fluorescent Microscopy.

Carotenoids are essential for survival of all plants, where these colorful pigments and derivatives are biosynthesized, as well as for humans and other species that obtain plant-derived carotenoids in their diets and rely upon them for vitamin biosynthesis or antioxidant actions. The plant carotenoid biosynthetic pathway consists of nuclear encoded enzymes that are imported into chloroplasts and other plastids. The pathway structural genes are known and have been targeted for metabolic engineering to improve carotenoid profiles or content.