Healthy Lifestyle and Cognition: Interaction between Diet and Physical Activity.

Purpose Of Review: This review discusses current research on the impact of specific dietary patterns and exercise, both individually and combined, on cognitive function in older adults.

Recent Findings: Observational evidence generally supports a relationship between diet adherence and positive cognitive outcomes related to memory, executive function, and risk for cognitive impairment; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are limited. Exercise research is more extensive, showing improvements in cognitive performance after exercise interventions regardless of baseline cognitive status and noting lower incidences of cognitive impairment in people who engage in regular physical activity.

Association of urine mitochondrial DNA with clinical measures of COPD in the SPIROMICS cohort.

BACKGROUNDMitochondrial dysfunction, a proposed mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis, is associated with the leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which may be detected extracellularly in various bodily fluids. Despite evidence for the increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease in COPD subjects and for mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidneys of murine COPD models, whether urine mtDNA (u-mtDNA) associates with measures of disease severity in COPD is unknown.METHODSCell-free u-mtDNA, defined as copy number of mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase-1 (MTND1) gene, was measured by quantitative PCR and normalized to urine creatinine in cell-free urine samples from participants in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) cohort.

Neighborhood Walkability and BMI Change: A National Study of Veterans in Large Urban Areas.

Objective: Improving neighborhood walkability has been proposed as a policy intervention to reduce obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal relationships between neighborhood walkability and body weight among adults living in large urban areas.

Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study of United States military veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs health care, Veterans Affairs clinical and administrative data (2007-2014) were linked to environmental measures constructed from public (2006-2014) and proprietary (2008-2014) sources, and linear regression models with person fixed effects were used to estimate associations between walkability and BMI among 758,434 men and 70,319 women aged 20 to 80 years in 2009 to 2014.

Characterizing and Understanding the Low Back Pain Experience Among Persons with Lower Limb Loss.

Objective: This study preliminarily characterizes and compares the impact of lower limb loss and development of chronic low back pain (cLBP) on psychosocial factors, as well as the relationship between these factors and low back pain-related functional disability.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Participants were adults, active duty or retired military, with traumatic lower limb loss with and without chronic low back pain.

Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes.

In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (F) for >1.

Secondary Fracture Prevention: Consensus Clinical Recommendations from a Multistakeholder Coalition.

Osteoporosis-related fractures are undertreated, due in part to misinformation about recommended approaches to patient care and discrepancies among treatment guidelines. To help bridge this gap and improve patient outcomes, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research assembled a multistakeholder coalition to develop clinical recommendations for the optimal prevention of secondary fracture among people aged 65 years and older with a hip or vertebral fracture. The coalition developed 13 recommendations (7 primary and 6 secondary) strongly supported by the empirical literature.

Neural JNK3 regulates blood flow recovery after hindlimb ischemia in mice via an Egr1/Creb1 axis.

Diseases related to impaired blood flow such as peripheral artery disease (PAD) impact nearly 10 million people in the United States alone, yet patients with clinical manifestations of PAD (e.g., claudication and limb ischemia) have limited treatment options.

A Comparison of Mental Workload in Individuals with Transtibial and Transfemoral Lower Limb Loss during Dual-Task Walking under Varying Demand.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lower limb loss (LL) on mental workload by assessing neurocognitive measures in individuals with unilateral transtibial (TT) versus those with transfemoral (TF) LL while dual-task walking under varying cognitive demand.

Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded as participants performed a task of varying cognitive demand while being seated or walking (i.e.

Classical conditioning of antidepressant placebo effects in mice.

Introduction: Placebo effects in human clinical trials for depression treatment are robust and often comparable to drug effects. Placebo effects are traditionally difficult to study in rodents due to the slow-onset action of classical antidepressant drugs. We hypothesized that the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine would allow modeling antidepressant placebo effects in rodents.

2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To develop new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) jointly supported by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR).

Methods: This international initiative had four phases. (1) Evaluation of antinuclear antibody (ANA) as an entry criterion through systematic review and meta-regression of the literature and criteria generation through an international Delphi exercise, an early patient cohort and a patient survey.

Pre-diagnosis physical activity habits are associated with age of diagnosis in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Studies suggest that exercise may be neuroprotective when implemented before the clinical presentation of Parkinson's disease (PD). Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), theorized to play a role in neuroprotection, are affected by its genotype and exercise. Here we explore this previously unstudied interaction on age at diagnosis and severity of symptoms.

Robot-Assisted Arm Training in Chronic Stroke: Addition of Transition-to-Task Practice.

. Robot-assisted therapy provides high-intensity arm rehabilitation that can significantly reduce stroke-related upper extremity (UE) deficits. Motor improvement has been shown at the joints trained, but generalization to real-world function has not been profound.

Adaptive Physical Activity for Stroke: An Early-Stage Randomized Controlled Trial in the United States.

. As stroke survival improves, there is an increasing need for effective, low-cost programs to reduce deconditioning and improve mobility. .

Physical activity and dietary interventions in diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review.

Purpose: Diabetic neuropathy is a common and disabling disorder, and there are currently no proven effective disease-modifying treatments. Physical activity and dietary interventions in patients with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy have multiple beneficial effects and are generally low risk, which makes lifestyle interventions an attractive treatment option. We reviewed the literature on the effects of physical activity and dietary interventions on length-dependent peripheral neuropathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.

Effects of a Hypocaloric, Nutritionally Complete, Higher Protein Meal Plan on Regional Body Fat and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Older Adults with Obesity.

Background: Whether improvements in cardiometabolic health following weight loss (WL) are associated with changes in regional body fat distribution (gluteal vs. -android) is not well documented.

Methods: Older (age: 70 ± 4 years; mean ± SD) adults with obesity were randomized to a 6-month WL program (WL; n = 47), accomplished using a hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher protein -(targeting ≥1.

Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity.

Many genetic loci affect circulating lipid levels, but it remains unknown whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, modify these genetic effects. To identify lipid loci interacting with physical activity, we performed genome-wide analyses of circulating HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in up to 120,979 individuals of European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Brazilian ancestry, with follow-up of suggestive associations in an additional 131,012 individuals. We find four loci, in/near CLASP1, LHX1, SNTA1, and CNTNAP2, that are associated with circulating lipid levels through interaction with physical activity; higher levels of physical activity enhance the HDL cholesterol-increasing effects of the CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 loci and attenuate the LDL cholesterol-increasing effect of the CNTNAP2 locus.

Comparison of peak oxygen consumption response to aquatic and robotic therapy in individuals with chronic motor incomplete spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial.

Study Design: Randomized dual center controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To determine and compare the cardiorespiratory impact of 3 months of aquatic and robotic therapy for individuals with chronic motor incomplete spinal cord injury (CMISCI).

Settings: Two rehabilitation specialty hospitals.

Aquatic, deep water peak VO testing for individuals with spinal cord injury.

To determine the reliability of peak VO testing for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in deep water and on land; and to examine the relationship between these two testing conditions. Reliability study. Comprehensive rehabilitation center in Baltimore, MD, USA.

Body-weight goals, trends, and weight-loss techniques among patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Background:: Obesity contributes to negative outcomes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Little is known about the body-weight goals and trends among patients with PAD.

Aim:: The aim of this study was to explore self-reported body-weight trends and methods used to achieve weight loss in patients with PAD.

Aminophylline shortage and current recommendations for reversal of vasodilator stress: An ASNC information statement endorsed by SCMR.

Pharmacologic reversal of serious or intolerable side effects (SISEs) from vasodilator stress is an important safety and comfort measure for patients experiencing such effects. While typically performed using intravenous aminophylline, recurrent shortages of this agent have led to a greater need to limit its use and consider alternative agents. This information statement provides background and recommendations addressing indications for vasodilator reversal, timing of a reversal agent, incidence of observed SISE with vasodilator stress, clinical and logistical considerations for aminophylline-based reversal, and alternative non-aminophylline based reversal protocols.

Biomechanical and neurocognitive performance outcomes of walking with transtibial limb loss while challenged by a concurrent task.

Individuals who have sustained loss of a lower limb may require adaptations in sensorimotor and control systems to effectively utilize a prosthesis, and the interaction of these systems during walking is not clearly understood for this patient population. The aim of this study was to concurrently evaluate temporospatial gait mechanics and cortical dynamics in a population with and without unilateral transtibial limb loss (TT). Utilizing motion capture and electroencephalography, these outcomes were simultaneously collected while participants with and without TT completed a concurrent task of varying difficulty (low- and high-demand) while seated and walking.

Validation of a new symptom outcome for knee osteoarthritis: the Ambulation Adjusted Score for Knee pain.

Objective: Validation of a symptom measure for early knee OA may help identify new treatments and modifiable risk factors. Symptom measures that consider pain in the context of activity level may provide better discrimination than pain alone. Therefore, we aimed to compare sensitivity to change for radiographic progression between Ambulation Adjusted Score for Knee pain (AASK), which accounts for self-reported ambulation, and Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) knee pain score.

Effect of Different Instructional Methods on Contamination and Personal Protective Equipment Protocol Adherence among Veterinary Students.

Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial to prevent disease spread. Recent studies in human medicine have shown disconcerting inconsistencies in the use of PPE in hospital wards. In this study, we compared the effect of three instructional methods for PPE use on contamination and protocol adherence among veterinary students.