Nomenclatural history of Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae).

Both authorship and spelling of the extinct giant sloth genus and its type species, (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae), have been inconsistent. The genus-group name has been cited with two different authorships and three dates, and it has been spelled with two different suffixes. The species-group name has been cited with four different authors and dates, and it has been spelled with two different endings.

Replacement names for two species of Agassiz, 1843 (Chondrichthyes, Xenacanthiformes), and discussion of Whitley, 1940, replacement name for Giebel, 1848 (Chondrichthyes, Xenacanthiformes), preoccupied by Müller & Troschel, 1844 (Actinopterygii, Characiformes).

Three species assigned to the same nominal genus of Paleozoic xenacanthiform shark have been combined with the name (Chondrichthyes, Xenacanthiformes, Orthacanthidae). (Giebel, 1848), which was originally combined as Giebel, 1848, is the senior synonym; it has priority over both (Newberry, 1857), which was originally combined as Newberry, 1857, and Newberry, 1875a. Proposed species-group replacement names are for (Newberry, 1857) and for Newberry, 1875a.

, a new genus of Sceliotrachelinae (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) from Australia.

is described as a new genus and species of Sceliotrachelinae. most closely resembles genera of the -cluster but possesses several characters that readily separate it from other sceliotracheline genera. The key of Masner and Huggert (1989) is modified to accommodate , and the relationship of the genus to other members of the subfamily is discussed.

Why Is the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design Still Used?

The one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design has been widely criticized, yet continues to be used in some clinical nursing research studies. This editorial explains what is wrong with the design, suggests reasons for its continued use, and gives some recommendations regarding what can be done about it.

Association of O-Antigen Serotype with the Magnitude of Initial Systemic Cytokine Responses and Persistence in the Urinary Tract.

Unlabelled: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common ailments requiring both short-term and prophylactic antibiotic therapies. Progression of infection from the bladder to the kidney is associated with more severe clinical symptoms (e.g.

Integrative analysis identifies targetable CREB1/FoxA1 transcriptional co-regulation as a predictor of prostate cancer recurrence.

Identifying prostate cancer-driving transcription factors (TFs) in addition to the androgen receptor promises to improve our ability to effectively diagnose and treat this disease. We employed an integrative genomics analysis of master TFs CREB1 and FoxA1 in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines, primary prostate cancer tissues and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to investigate their role in defining prostate cancer gene expression profiles. Combining genome-wide binding site and gene expression profiles we define CREB1 as a critical driver of pro-survival, cell cycle and metabolic transcription programs.

Collaborative Concept Mapping and Critical Thinking in Fourth-Year Medical Students.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that small group concept mapping of 4 core neonatal topics as part of a fourth-year allopathic medical student elective would improve critical thinking (CT) as measured by the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST). To describe any correlations between scores on the CCTST and the step 1 and step 2 Clinical Knowledge parts of the United States Medical Licensing Exam.

Methods: Twenty-seven students participated in this pilot study during a 1-month elective.

Marijuana Exposure Among Children Younger Than Six Years in the United States.

This study investigates marijuana exposures among children <6 years old in the United States using data from the National Poison Data System. From 2000 through 2013, there were 1969 marijuana exposures among children <6 years old and an exposure rate of 5.90 per million children.

Molecular and clinical characteristics of hospital and community onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with bloodstream infections.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSI) are classified epidemiologically as health care-associated hospital onset (HAHO)-, health care-associated community onset (HACO)-, or community-associated (CA)-MRSA. Clinical and molecular differences between HAHO- and HACO-MRSA BSI are not well known. Thus, we evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of MRSA BSI to determine if distinct features are associated with HAHO- or HACO-MRSA strains.

Metabolite fingerprinting of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) embryos to assess active pathways during oil synthesis.

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), a plant naturalized to North America, accumulates high levels of erucic acid in its seeds, which makes it a promising biodiesel and industrial crop. The main carbon sinks in pennycress embryos were found to be proteins, fatty acids, and cell wall, which respectively represented 38.

Evaluation of Subcutaneous Phenobarbital Administration in Hospice Patients.

Phenobarbital is used in hospice and palliative care to treat refractory symptoms. In end-of-life care, Food and Drug Administration approved routes of administration may be unreasonable based on patients' status. In these cases, phenobarbital may be administered subcutaneously for symptom management.

Toy-related injuries among children treated in US Emergency Departments, 1990-2011.

This study investigates the epidemiology of injuries associated with toys among US children by analyzing data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. During 1990-2011, an estimated 3278073 (95% confidence interval = 2762281-3793865) children <18 years old were treated in US emergency departments for toy-related injuries, averaging 149003 cases annually. The annual injury rate per 10000 children increased significantly by 39.

Attitudes regarding privacy of genomic information in personalized cancer therapy.

Objective: To evaluate attitudes regarding privacy of genomic data in a sample of patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Female patients with breast cancer (n=100) completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes regarding concerns about privacy of genomic data.

Results: Most patients (83%) indicated that genomic data should be protected.

Petroleum jelly (vaseline balls) for the treatment of constipation: a survey of hospice and palliative care practitioners.

Constipation is a common symptom at end of life, impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Hospice and palliative care professionals often use practices based on anecdotal evidence. One such intervention is an oral preparation of petroleum jelly (OPJ), referred to as "Vaseline balls.