Stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival for stomach, lung, colorectal, and bladder cancers among Armenians in California.

Objective: To observe stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival for common cancers among Armenians in California.

Methods: We used the Armenian Surname List and birthplace information in the California Cancer Registry to identify Armenians with stomach, lung, colorectal, and bladder cancers diagnosed during 1988-2019. We used multivariable logistic regression models to calculate odds of late-stage diagnoses among Armenian and non-Armenian, non-Hispanic White patients and examine the association of sociodemographic factors with late-stage diagnoses among the Armenian patient population.

A closer look at housing market actors' dynamics in responses to sea level rise in Miami-Dade, Florida.

Sea level rise (SLR) dynamics pose significant challenges to coastal residential markets, including the likelihood of property valuation disruptions and the relocation of coastal populations from areas of high risk to safer inland locales. Understanding its impact on the residential markets of coastal cities is essential for developing adaptation and mitigation strategies. Existing studies primarily focus on property prices to observe risk factors, which limits the ability to capture the diverse behaviors and responses of market participants, including sellers, buyers, and lenders, to climate change impacts.

Overlooked and underserved: how healthcare fails men in the pursuit of equity.

Purpose Of Review: Men face distinctive health-related challenges as a result of biological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors. In addition, the modern healthcare system does not offer men equal opportunities and options to ensure sex-specific access and delivery to health services. Men's health concerns are, indeed, often not addressed or even forgotten.

A spatially resolved multi-omic single-cell atlas of soybean development.

Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) precisely control spatiotemporal gene expression in cells. Using a spatially resolved single-cell atlas of gene expression with chromatin accessibility across ten soybean tissues, we identified 103 distinct cell types and 303,199 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs). Nearly 40% of the ACRs showed cell-type-specific patterns and were enriched for transcription factor (TF) motifs defining diverse cell identities.

Trends in the Epidemiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Undergoing Surgery.

Objective This study aims to utilize the TriNetX database, a comprehensive global network, to improve our understanding of the frequency, demographic factors, and related comorbidities of surgical patients who develop venous thromboembolism (VTEs) events. Methods The global collaborative network in TriNetX was queried for all cases from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2023. International Classification for Disease (ICD) diagnosis codes were used to define patient cohorts with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper or lower extremity or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Predicting Severity of Acute Pancreatitis-Evaluation of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio as Emerging Biomarker: A Retrospective Analytical Study.

Introduction Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a pancreatic inflammatory disease that can range in severity from mild, self-limiting forms to severe cases with high mortality rates. AP has various etiologies, including lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption and obesity, and its rapid progression makes early and accurate prediction of severity critical for effective management and improved patient outcomes. The traditional AP severity assessment tools, such as Ranson's criteria and APACHE II, require extensive data and time, making them less feasible in emergency settings.

A guide to building a low-cost centrifuge force microscope module for single-molecule force experiments.

The ability to apply controlled forces to individual molecules or molecular complexes and observe their behaviors has led to many important discoveries in biology. Instruments capable of probing single-molecule forces typically cost >US$100,000, limiting the use of these techniques. The centrifuge force microscope (CFM) is a low-cost and easy-to-use instrument that enables high-throughput single-molecule studies.

Hypertension Management in Women With a Multidisciplinary Approach.

Current clinical practice guidelines were established by several organizations to guide the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in men and women in a similar manner despite data demonstrating differences in underlying mechanisms. Few publications have provided a contemporary and comprehensive review focused on characteristics of hypertension that are unique to women across their life spectrum. We performed a computerized search using PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases between 1995 and 2023 that highlighted relevant clinical studies, challenges to the management of hypertension in women, and multidisciplinary approaches to hypertension control in women, including issues unique to racial and ethnic minority groups.

Prevalence of Intersex/Differences in Sex Development and Primary Gonadal Insufficiency in a Pediatric Transgender Population.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the prevalence of intersex variations/differences in sex development (I/DSDs), associated adrenal conditions, and primary gonadal insufficiency in children with gender dysphoria.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the medical records for individuals who carried the diagnostic codes for gender dysphoria in addition to intersex and/or other conditions associated with sex steroid variations among patients evaluated by pediatric endocrinologists from 2013 to 2022.

Results: We found that 9 of 612 (1.

Revolutionizing Acute Stroke Care: A Review of Food and Drug Administration-Approved Software as Medical Devices for Stroke Triage.

Stroke remains a critical global health challenge, with ischemic stroke comprising most cases and necessitating rapid, effective treatment to improve patient outcomes. This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning into medical devices for stroke triaging, highlighting their impact on reducing notification times, latency in care, and health disparities. By analyzing Food and Drug Administration-approved AI-enabled devices under the "Radiological computer-assisted triage and notification software" regulation category, we assess their sensitivity, specificity, and time-to-notification as the measure of their overall effectiveness in clinical settings.

Economic Burden of Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy Among Geriatric Patients: A Single-Center Experience From Odisha, India.

Background Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are common in older adults and pose a considerable challenge to the health and social care system. They are complex and interrelated concepts in geriatric care that require early detection and patient-centered shared decision-making by multidisciplinary, team-led comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) across all health and social care settings. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the economic burden of multimorbidity and polypharmacy among geriatric patients.

Ipsilateral Double May-Thurner Syndrome With a Congenital Double Left Common Iliac Vein: A Case Report of an Unprecedented Anatomical Variant and Hemodynamic Interaction.

This case report describes a unique presentation of May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) in a 28-year-old woman, characterized by the congenital bifurcation of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) into the outer (OLCIV) and inner (ILCIV) segments. Both veins experienced significant compression - OLCIV proximally and ILCIV medially - due to the overlying right common iliac artery (RCIA) and lumbar spine. The patient presented with bilateral spider veins, lower extremity swelling, pelvic discomfort, and bilateral leg cramping.

Opioid-Prescribing Trends in Dermatology From 2014 to 2020 in the United States.

Introduction The opioid epidemic is a critical public health crisis, with opioid overdose deaths being a leading cause of injury-related deaths in the United States. Dermatology, though a small contributor to overall opioid prescriptions, still accounts for over 700,000 opioid pills annually. Reducing opioid prescribing in this specialty has been challenging due to limited comprehensive research.

Escalating Risks: Injury Patterns in Escalator-Related Trauma.

Falls from escalators, although infrequent, can result in a wide array of injuries, ranging from minor lacerations to fatal outcomes. This retrospective study aims to detail the treatment and outcomes of eight patients who sustained blunt-force trauma from escalator falls and received care at Desert Regional Medical Center in Palm Springs, California. Among these eight patients, seven required hospitalization, with three necessitating intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and two patients ultimately succumbing to their injuries.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Advances in Coronary Calcium Scoring: Expanding Preventive Cardiology.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need for effective cardiovascular risk stratification and preventive strategies. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring, traditionally performed using electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans, has been widely validated as a robust tool for assessing cardiovascular risk. However, its application has been largely limited to high-risk populations due to the costs, technical requirements, and limited accessibility of cardiac CT scans.

Brain Freeze: Pembrolizumab-Induced Autoimmune Encephalitis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

This case report presents the first known instance of pembrolizumab-induced autoimmune encephalitis in a 41-year-old female patient with stage IIIc triple-negative breast cancer. The patient developed expressive aphasia three days after starting pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy, prompting comprehensive evaluations that ruled out infectious or metastatic causes. A diagnosis of pembrolizumab-associated autoimmune encephalitis was established following a lumbar puncture and MRI.

Making the Cut: A Six-Year "Bone-afide" Membership Trend From Student to Surgeon.

Background: Mentorship and early exposure vary greatly from school to school for osteopathic medical students. Historically, allopathic medical students have matched at a higher rate for competitive surgical specialties, like orthopedic surgery, compared to osteopathic medical students. The unique position of medical student interest organizations in filling those gaps and their related outcomes, including successful residency acceptance, is unknown.

Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

A spatial triage of at-risk conifer forests to support seed collection efforts and sustainable forestry.

At-risk conifer stands growing in hot, arid conditions at low elevations may contain the most climate change-adapted seeds needed for sustainable forestry. This study used a triage framework to identify high-priority survey areas for Pinus ponderosa (Pipo) within a large region, by intersecting an updated range map with a map of seed zones and elevation bands (SZEBs). The framework assesses place-based climate change and potential wildfire risks by rank-order across 740 potential collection units.

Social determinants of contraception use among rural adolescents: Implications for addressing disparities.

Purpose: Few studies have examined disparities in-and social determinants of-contraception use among rural adolescents despite evidence of higher teen birth rates and greater STI risk in rural communities. Guided by a social determinants of health (SDoH) framework, this cross-sectional study aimed to address these gaps.

Methods: Data come from the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, including N = 3757 sexually active, rural-based adolescents.

POP-REFINE: A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating and Optimizing Representativeness in Clinical Trials.

Clinical research has historically failed to include representative levels of historically underrepresented populations and these inequities continue to persist. Ensuring representativeness in clinical trials is crucial for patients to receive clinically appropriate treatment and have equitable access to novel therapies; enhancing the generalizability of study results; and reducing the need for post-marketing commitments focused on underrepresented groups. As demonstrated by recent legislation and guidance documents, regulatory agencies have shown an increased interest in understanding how novel therapies will impact the patient population that will receive them.

Investigating the influence of working status changes on physical activity and non-communicable diseases in Korean middle-aged and older adults: insights from a longitudinal panel study.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global health challenge and occupational status is a critical determinant influencing NCD development, yet many cross-sectional studies have only linked current occupational status with specific diseases, overlooking broader temporal factors. The primary aim of the present study was to comprehensively elucidate the intricate interplay between alterations in working status, NCDs, and physical activity (PA) among Korean middle-aged and older adults, employing a longitudinal panel study design.

Methods: This study utilized longitudinal data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, covering the period from 2006 to 2020, with a median follow-up duration of 10 years.

The songbird connectome (OSCINE-NET.ORG): structure-function organization beyond the canonical vocal control network.

Background: Understanding the neural basis of behavior requires insight into how different brain systems coordinate with each other. Existing connectomes for various species have highlighted brain systems essential to various aspects of behavior, yet their application to complex learned behaviors remains limited. Research on vocal learning in songbirds has extensively focused on the vocal control network, though recent work implicates a variety of circuits in contributing to important aspects of vocal behavior.