Novel application of an adapted virtual cone technique for the radiosurgical treatment of a 3 mm brain metastasis with a standard multileaf collimator.

The virtual cone is an innovative MLC-based technique for generating dose distributions comparable to those of physical stereotactic cones. Initially designed for functional radiosurgery applications using a high-definition multileaf collimator (MLC) with 2.5 mm leaf width, this technique has been adapted to a standard 5 mm MLC system for treating small brain metastases.

Conduction Disturbances After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Update on Epidemiology, Preventive Strategies, and Management.

Conduction disturbances (CDs) are common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Continuous improvements in preprocedural planification, implant techniques, and device design have markedly reduced periprocedural complications. However, CDs rate remains in the double-digit range.

Fine-scale Southern California Moho structure uncovered with distributed acoustic sensing.

Moho topography yields insights into the evolution of the lithosphere and the strength of the lower crust. The Moho reflected phase (PmP) samples this key boundary and may be used in concert with the first arriving P phase to infer crustal thickness. The densely sampled station coverage of distributed acoustic sensing arrays allows for the observation of PmP at fine-scale intervals over many kilometers with individual events.

Assessment of pharmacokinetics and tolerability following single-dose administration of molnupiravir in participants with hepatic or renal impairment.

Individuals with chronic liver or kidney disease are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. Molnupiravir is an orally administered antiviral authorized for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults at risk of progression to severe disease. Two nonrandomized, open-label, single-dose, multicenter, phase 1 trials were conducted to investigate the effects of hepatic and renal impairment on the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of molnupiravir (800 mg) and its metabolite β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; NCT05386589/NCT05386758).

Spectrum of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Associated Drug Resistance Mutations in Persons Living with HIV-1 Receiving Rilpivirine.

Introduction: Few data are currently available on the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance mutations selected in persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who develop virological failure while receiving rilpivirine (RPV).

Methods: We analyzed pooled HIV-1 RT genotypic data from 280 PLWH in the multicenter EuResist database and 115 PLWH in the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVDB) who received RPV as their only NNRTI.

Results: Among the 395 PLWH receiving RPV, 180 (45.

Harnessing Bacterial Agents to Modulate the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the immune system to attack tumors. However, its effectiveness is often hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), where a complex interplay of tumor, stromal, and immune cells undermines antitumor responses and allows tumors to evade immune detection. This review explores innovative strategies to modify the TME and enhance immunotherapy outcomes, focusing on the therapeutic potential of engineered bacteria.

Association of Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Target Expression and Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Association or Causation or Neither?

Introduction: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising therapeutic approach by delivering cytotoxic agents specifically to cancer cells, potentially reducing harm to healthy tissues. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and challenges associated with ADCs in NSCLC, with a focus on drug-induced interstitial lung disease (D-ILD).

Performance of a Deep Learning System and Performance of Optometrists for the Detection of Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Using Colour Retinal Photographs.

Background/objectives: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, with a significant proportion of cases remaining undiagnosed globally. The interpretation of optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer images poses challenges for optometrists and ophthalmologists, often leading to misdiagnosis. AI has the potential to improve diagnosis.

Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in PI-RADS 3 Lesions Using T2w-Derived Radiomics Feature Maps in 3T Prostate MRI.

Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions are a challenge in the clinical workflow. A better detection of the infrequently occurring clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in PI-RADS 3 lesions is an important objective.

A high-frequency, low-power resonant radio-frequency neutron spin flipper for high-resolution spectroscopy.

We present a resonant-mode, transverse-field, radio-frequency (rf) neutron spin flipper design that uses high-temperature superconducting films to ensure sharp transitions between uniform magnetic field regions. Resonant mode allows for low-power, high-frequency operation but requires strict homogeneity of the magnetic fields inside the device. This design was found to efficiently flip neutrons at 96.

On the rate of aneuploidy reversion in a wild yeast model.

Aneuploidy, arising from gain or loss of chromosomes due to nondisjunction, is a special class of mutation. It can create significant phenotypic changes by altering abundance of hundreds of genes in a single event, providing material for adaptive evolution. But it can also incur large fitness costs relative to other types of mutations.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transjejunal creation of neoanastomosis for the treatment of bilioenteric anastomotic occlusion.

A stricture of the bilioenteric anastomosis is a known complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery and pediatric liver transplant. Occasionally, a complete biliary occlusion is encountered that cannot be treated utilizing endoscopic or conventional interventional radiology blunt recanalization techniques. In this article, we report 2 cases of successful sharp percutaneous ultrasound-guided retrograde creation of bilioenteric neoanastomosis in the setting of a complete biliary occlusion following Whipple surgery and liver transplant respectively.

Joint smoking-vaping prevalence rates among American youth and young adults 2011-2022.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) annually tracks American youth and adult smoking prevalence using data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The NYTS and the NHIS began collecting information on vaping in 2011 and 2014 respectively. However, since those years the CDC has only reported smoking and vaping rates separately, which presents a long-term and important information gap, given the decade-long debate about whether e-cigarettes help people who smoke reduce or quit, and whether they are a gateway to youth smoking.

Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement.

Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR) has emerged as a promising intervention for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation with complex valve morphology. This consensus document provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of orthotopic TTVR, focusing on patient selection, procedural details, and follow-up care. Clinical outcomes from initial studies and compassionate use cases are discussed, highlighting the effectiveness of TTVR in reducing tricuspid regurgitation, inducing reverse right ventricular remodeling, and enhancing patients' quality of life.

EEG features and synek scale indicate severity of neurotoxicity in adult patients treated with CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.

Patients who develop chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-related immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) frequently undergo evaluation with electroencephalography (EEG). We hypothesize that EEG features and Synek scale score, a measure of degree of EEG abnormality, are associated with ICANS severity. Here, we performed a retrospective review of 125 adult patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) who received CAR-T cell therapy from 2010 to 2019, including 53 patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with 1928z CAR T cells (NCT01044069) and 72 patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) treated with the commercial CAR T products axicabtagene ciloleucel or tisagenlecleucel.

Outcomes by Retrospective Eligibility for Maintenance Therapy of Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Post Hoc Analysis of the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-361 Trial.

Introduction: The phase 3 KEYNOTE-361 trial of first-line pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) completed enrollment before the approval of postchemotherapy maintenance avelumab for patients without progressive disease. This post hoc analysis evaluated the outcomes of patients who received chemotherapy alone in KEYNOTE-361 by retrospective eligibility for subsequent maintenance therapy.

Patients And Methods: Patients in the chemotherapy alone arm were retrospectively categorized as maintenance eligible (received ≥4 cycles of chemotherapy and did not die or experience disease progression within 10 weeks of chemotherapy completion), maintenance ineligible (received <4 cycles of chemotherapy or had progressive disease or died within 0-10 weeks after completion of ≥4 cycles of chemotherapy), and indeterminate eligibility for maintenance therapy (if neither maintenance eligible or ineligible).

Who, when, where, and why: A systematic review of "late diagnosis" in autism.

An autism diagnosis can be a critical milestone toward effective and affirming support. Despite the sharp increase in the number of studies focused on late diagnosis over the last 15 years, there remains no consensus as to what constitutes a late diagnosis of autism, with cutoffs ranging from infancy to middle adulthood. This preregistered systematic review evaluated (a) the field's current quantification of late diagnosis in autism, (b) how the threshold for late diagnosis varies as a function of demographic and population factors, and (c) trends over time.