Okra seed polysaccharides mitigate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB, NLRP3/Caspase-1, JAK-2/STAT-3, AMPK/SIRT1/m-TOR, PI3K/AKT/CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 axes.

Global healthcare systems are under tremendous strain due to the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders. Growing data suggested that overconsumption of high-fat/high-carbohydrates diet (HFHCD) is associated with enhanced incidence of metabolic alterations, neurodegeneration, and cognitive dysfunction. Functional foods have gained prominence in curbing metabolic and neurological deficits.

MYC Overexpression Enhances Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

MEK inhibitors, such as trametinib, have shown therapeutic potential in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the factors influencing cancer cell sensitivity and resistance to MEK inhibition remain poorly understood. In our study, we observed that MEK inhibition significantly reduced the expression of MYC, a transcription factor critical for the therapeutic response.

Medicaid Expansion Increases Treatment for Patients with Colon Cancer.

Introduction: Medicaid expansion (ME) has positively impacted colon cancer screening. ME's effect on colon cancer treatment is less clear. This study analyses the effect of ME on patterns of colon cancer treatment.

A Cross-Sectional Multivariable Analysis of the Quality of Hemodialysis Patients' Life in Lahore City, Pakistan.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe health problem with dire consequences for the quality of life of millions of individuals and their families around the globe. This quantitative study analyzes the factors associated with hemodialysis patients' quality of life (QoL) in Lahore City, Pakistan. Primary data from a sample of 384 patients were collected through regular visits to the hospital.

Generalized knemidokoptic mange (Micnemidocoptes sp.) in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from Arkansas, USA.

This report describes a case of generalized knemidokoptic mange caused by Micnemidocoptes sp. in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). In June 2024, an adult male eagle from Polk County, Arkansas, presented with severe skin disease and in a moribund state.

Ursicoptes americanus infestation of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Virginia, USA.

American black bears (Ursus americanus) admitted to a Virginia rehabilitation center were tested for Ursicoptes americanus. From 2014 to 2023, 23 of 150 (15.3 %) bears were positive with higher prevalence in juveniles and females.

Multi-season survey of ixodid tick species collected from domestic dogs in Chad, Africa.

Ticks are medically important vectors of pathogens, many of which are zoonotic or impact domestic animal and/or wildlife health. Climate change, landuse modifications, and increasing interactions between domestic animals, wildlife, and humans have resulted in changes in tick-host dynamics and the emergence of novel pathogens worldwide. Therefore, describing the host and geographic ranges of vector species is essential in assessing disease risk, especially in understudied areas, and should be conducted in a One Health context.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR.

Background: The elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).

Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023.

Recent Advances on Immunity and Hypertension: The New Cells on the Kidney Block.

Over the last 50 years, contribution of the immune system has been identified in the development of hypertension and renal injury. Both human and experimental animal models of hypertension have demonstrated that innate and adaptive immune cells, along with their cytokines and chemokines, modulate blood pressure fluctuations and end organ renal damage. Numerous cell types of the innate immune system, specifically monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells present antigenic peptides to T cells promoting inflammation and the elevation of blood pressure.

Human Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury-A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical Studies.

Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) possess significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of global death and disability. Recent pre-clinical studies have shown that hNSCs reduce tissue damage and promote functional recovery through neuroprotective and regenerative signaling and cell replacement. Yet the overall efficacy of hNSCs for TBI indications remains unclear.

An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States.

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations.

Invasive Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a fungal infection, which has traditionally been associated with neutropenia and immunosuppressive therapies. Our understanding of invasive aspergillosis has been evolving and, in the past few decades, IA among ICU patients has been recognized as a common infection and has become more widely recognized. The diagnosis and management of invasive aspergillosis in the ICU is particularly challenging, due to the unstable clinical condition of the patients, lack of diagnostic markers, increased risk of further clinical deterioration, multiple comorbidities, and a need for early assessment and treatment.

Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS Mutant Rats?

The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased worldwide. Obesity has been shown to exacerbate the progression of periodontal disease. Studies suggest a sex difference in periodontitis, whereby males are more sensitive to periodontal inflammation compared to females.

Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes.

Lipophagy is a selective degradation of lipid droplets in lysosomes or vacuoles. Apart from its role in generating energy and free fatty acids for membrane repair, growth, and the formation of new membranes, lipophagy emerges as a key player in other cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. While fungal, plant, and algal cells use microlipophagy, the most prominent form of lipophagy in animal cells is macrolipophagy.

Narrative Review and Guide: State of the Art and Emerging Opportunities of Bioprinting in Tissue Regeneration and Medical Instrumentation.

Three-dimensional printing was introduced in the 1980s, though bioprinting started developing a few years later. Today, 3D bioprinting is making inroads in medical fields, including the production of biomedical supplies intended for internal use, such as biodegradable staples. Medical bioprinting enables versatility and flexibility on demand and is able to modify and individualize production using several established printing methods.

Cross-species comparisons between pigs and mice reveal conserved sex-specific intraspinal inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury.

Objective: Therapeutic translation is challenging in spinal cord injury (SCI) and large animal models with high clinical relevance may accelerate therapeutic development. Pigs have important anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Intraspinal inflammation mediates SCI pathophysiology.

Production of Organic Precursors via Meteoritic Impacts and Its Implications for Prebiotic Inventory of Early Planetary Surfaces.

Meteoritic impacts on planetary surfaces deliver a significant amount of energy that can produce prebiotic organic compounds such as cyanides, which may be a key step to the formation of biomolecules. To study the chemical processes of impact-induced organic synthesis, we simulated the physicochemical processes of hypervelocity impacts (HVI) in experiments with both high-speed C projectiles and laser ablation. In the first approach, a C beam was accelerated to collide with ammonium nitrate (NHNO) to reproduce the shock process and plume generation of meteoritic impacts on nitrogen-rich planetary surfaces.

Exploring the presence and roles of humility when experiencing situations of uncertainty.

Background: Uncertainty is a pervasive challenge in clinical practice. Whereas the importance of humility in navigating uncertainty has been discussed, empirical research on how humility is practiced or expressed (i.e.

The 2022 ADEA Climate Study in U.S. and Canadian Dental Schools and Allied Dental Programs: Methodological Considerations.

Objectives: From January 2020 to the end of August 2020, preliminary research gathered data about the need for and the feasibility of an ADEA-led joint Climate Study of dental schools and allied dental programs in the United States and Canada. Informed by these findings, the first ever ADEA-led joint Climate Study took place in 2022. The objectives of this manuscript were to describe the timeline of this climate study and provide information about its methodology, specifically about (a) who participated in this research, (b) what was assessed, (c) how the study was conducted, and (d) how the results were communicated.

Atg5 deficiency in basophils improves metabolism in lupus mice by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Autophagic activation in immune cells, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and metabolic abnormalities have been reported separately as characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Elucidating the crosstalk among the immune system, commensal microbiota, and metabolites is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence shows that basophil activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Structure and mechanism of biosynthesis of Streptococcus mutans cell wall polysaccharide.

Streptococcus mutans, the causative agent of human dental caries, expresses a cell wall attached Serotype c-specific Carbohydrate (SCC) that is critical for cell viability. SCC consists of a polyrhamnose backbone of →3)α-Rha(1 → 2)α-Rha(1→ repeats with glucose (Glc) side-chains and glycerol phosphate (GroP) decorations. This study reveals that SCC has one predominant and two more minor Glc modifications.

Metabolic interactions underpinning high methane fluxes across terrestrial freshwater wetlands.

Current estimates of wetland contributions to the global methane budget carry high uncertainty, particularly in accurately predicting emissions from high methane-emitting wetlands. Microorganisms drive methane cycling, but little is known about their conservation across wetlands. To address this, we integrate 16S rRNA amplicon datasets, metagenomes, metatranscriptomes, and annual methane flux data across 9 wetlands, creating the Multi-Omics for Understanding Climate Change (MUCC) v2.

Paediatricians' Perspectives Surrounding Identification and Management of Early Childhood Disorders in the United States.

Background: Since 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics has released and twice revised guidelines tasking paediatricians with screening children for developmental disorders, but diagnoses are often delayed. Paediatricians in the United States are also responsible for referring patients with identified concerns for services and for managing their long-term care.

Objectives: This review aims to chronologically synthesize available literature about paediatricians' perspectives surrounding their roles in identifying and managing early childhood disorders and to identify how future interventions can best address these perspectives.