LasR Variant Cystic Fibrosis Isolates Reveal an Adaptable Quorum-Sensing Hierarchy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Unlabelled: Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections cause significant morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Over years to decades, P. aeruginosa adapts genetically as it establishes chronic lung infections.

Airway Obstruction during Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Correlates with Apnea-Hypopnea Index and Oxygen Nadir in Children.

Objective: To determine if standardized intraoperative scoring of anatomic obstruction in children with obstructive sleep apnea correlates with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation on preprocedural polysomnogram (PSG). A secondary objective was to determine if age, presence of a syndrome, or previous adenotonsillectomy affect this correlation.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators to Optimal Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Background: Suboptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are determinants of poor child nutritional status. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, few children are fed according to international guidelines; this combined with endemic poverty and food insecurity have contributed to the high prevalence of child undernutrition.

Objective: To characterize IYCF practices and barriers and enablers to optimal child feeding in South Kivu.

Advancing clinical development pathways for new CFTR modulators in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening genetic disease affecting approximately 70,000 individuals worldwide. Until recently, drug development efforts have emphasised therapies treating downstream signs and symptoms resulting from the underlying CF biological defect: reduced function of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The current CF drug development landscape has expanded to include therapies that enhance CFTR function by either restoring wild-type CFTR protein expression or increasing (modulating) the function of mutant CFTR proteins in cells.

Optimized In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Method for Small-Colony Variant Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) emerge frequently during chronic infections and are often associated with worse disease outcomes. There are no standardized methods for SCV antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) due to poor growth and reversion to normal-colony (NC) phenotypes on standard media. We sought to identify reproducible methods for AST of S.

Anesthetic Considerations and Management of Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Transposition of the great arteries was once an almost uniformly fatal disease in infancy. Six decades of advances in surgical techniques, intraoperative care, and perioperative management have led to at least 90% of patients reaching adulthood, most with a good quality of life. This review summarizes medical and surgical decision making during the neonatal perioperative period, with a special emphasis on factors pertinent to the anesthetic evaluation and care during primary surgical repair of transposition of the great arteries.

Incidence, characteristics and risk factors for household and neighbourhood injury among young children in semiurban Ghana: a population-based household survey.

Background: There are few population-based studies on household child injury in African countries.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of household and neighbourhood injury among children in semiurban communities in Kumasi, Ghana.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-weighted survey of 200 randomly selected caregivers of children under 18, representing 6801 households.

Pediatric infection and intestinal carriage due to extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of intestinal carriage with extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in children with index infections with these organisms. Patients with resistant Escherichia coli or Klebsiella bacteria isolated from the urine or a normally sterile site between January 2006 and December 2010 were included in this study. Available infection and stool isolates underwent phenotypic and molecular characterization.

Barriers to life jacket use among adult recreational boaters.

Objective: To identify barriers to life jacket use.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Nine public boat ramps in western Washington State, USA, August-November, 2008.

Bus stops and pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in Lima, Peru: a matched case-control study.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between bus stop characteristics and pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions.

Methods: This was a matched case-control study where the units of study were pedestrian crossings in Lima, Peru. We performed a random sample of 11 police commissaries in Lima, Peru.