What is the utility of measuring gaseous Hg dry deposition using Aerohead samplers?: A review.

The most efficient way to quantify Hg inputs to ecosystems is to measure wet and dry deposition. Wet deposition of Hg is determined by measuring Hg concentrations and the volume of precipitation. Dry deposition of Hg is determined through direct measurement and/or determined indirectly by measuring air concentrations and using model-generated deposition velocities.

Convergence and divergence in science and practice of urban and rural forest restoration.

Forest restoration has never been higher on policymakers' agendas. Complex and multi-dimensional arrangements across the urban-rural continuum challenge restorationists and require integrative approaches to strengthen environmental protection and increase restoration outcomes. It remains unclear if urban and rural forest restoration are moving towards or away from each other in practice and research, and whether comparing research outcomes can help stakeholders to gain a clearer understanding of the interconnectedness between the two fields.

Simulating soil C dynamics under intensive agricultural systems and climate change scenarios in the Matopiba region, Brazil.

The recent agricultural expansion in the Matopiba region, Brazil's new agricultural frontier, has raised questions about the risk of increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) loss as large areas of native vegetation (NV; i.e., Cerrado biome) have been replaced by large-scale mechanized agriculture.

Predictability of the community-function landscape in wine yeast ecosystems.

Predictively linking taxonomic composition and quantitative ecosystem functions is a major aspiration in microbial ecology, which must be resolved if we wish to engineer microbial consortia. Here, we have addressed this open question for an ecological function of major biotechnological relevance: alcoholic fermentation in wine yeast communities. By exhaustively phenotyping an extensive collection of naturally occurring wine yeast strains, we find that most ecologically and industrially relevant traits exhibit phylogenetic signal, allowing functional traits in wine yeast communities to be predicted from taxonomy.

Production, characterization, and application of novel fungal pullulanase for fruit juice processing.

The present study aimed to produce, characterize, and apply pullulanase from Aspergillus flavus (BHU-46) for fruit juice processing, assessing its enzymatic properties and impact on juice quality. Pullulanase was produced via solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as the substrate. Purification and characterization included specific activity, molecular weight, pH and temperature optima, and substrate specificity.

Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees.

Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries.

First Report of Fire Blight on Chinese hawthorn ( Bunge) Caused by in Korea.

Fire blight is one of the destructive plant diseases caused by and causes enormous economic losses worldwide. Fire blight was initially reported in apples, pears, and Chinese quince (Park et al. 2016; Myung et al.

Dispersal patterns and influence of air travel during the global expansion of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

The Alpha, Beta, and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) co-circulated globally during 2020 and 2021, fueling waves of infections. They were displaced by Delta during a third wave worldwide in 2021, which, in turn, was displaced by Omicron in late 2021. In this study, we use phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods to reconstruct the dispersal patterns of VOCs worldwide.

Calving date as a potential predictor for the probability of approval in the first breeding soundness evaluation of Nellore bulls.

Beef production systems primarily use natural service (NS) for breeding. However, a significant number of bulls used for NS are subfertile, limiting the profitability of the cow-calf operations. Therefore, producers should select bulls based on breeding soundness evolutions (BSE) to ensure higher pregnancy rates.

Rapid Assessment of Insect Pest Outbreak Using Drones: A Case Study with (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean Fields.

Rapid assessment of crop damage is essential for successful management of insect pest outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the use of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and image analyses to assess an outbreak of the beet armyworm, (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), that occurred in soybean fields in South Korea. A rotary-wing UAS was deployed to obtain a series of aerial images over 31 soybean blocks.

"Millet Models" for harnessing nuclear factor-Y transcription factors to engineer stress tolerance in plants: current knowledge and emerging paradigms.

The main purpose of this review is to shed light on the role of millet models in imparting climate resilience and nutritional security and to give a concrete perspective on how NF-Y transcription factors can be harnessed for making cereals more stress tolerant. Agriculture faces significant challenges from climate change, bargaining, population, elevated food prices, and compromises with nutritional value. These factors have globally compelled scientists, breeders, and nutritionists to think of some options that can combat the food security crisis and malnutrition.

Screening macroalgae for mitigation of enteric methane in vitro.

This study investigated the effects of 67 species of macroalgae on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in vitro. Specimens were analyzed for their effect on ruminal fermentation and microbial community profiles. Incubations were carried out in an automated gas production system for 24-h and macroalgae were tested at 2% (feed dry matter basis) inclusion rate.

Control of ovule development in by and interacting genes.

Seedless grapes are increasingly popular throughout the world, and the development of seedless varieties is a major breeding goal. In this study, we demonstrate an essential role for the grapevine MADS-box gene in morphogenesis of the ovule. We found that mRNA accumulated in the ovules of a seeded cultivar, 'Red Globe', throughout the course of ovule and seed development, especially within the integument/seed coat.

Microbe-Responsive Proteomes During Plant-Microbe Interactions Between Rice Genotypes and the Multifunctional Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20.

Background: Rice is colonized by plant growth promoting bacteria such as Methylobacterium leading to mutually beneficial plant-microbe interactions. As modulators of the rice developmental process, Methylobacterium influences seed germination, growth, health, and development. However, little is known about the complex molecular responsive mechanisms modulating microbe-driven rice development.

Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Mined in Whole Grape Genomes.

SSR (simple sequence repeat) DNA markers are widely used for genotype DNA identification, QTL mapping, and analyzing genetic biodiversity. However, SSRs in grapes are still in their early stages, with a few primer pairs accessible. With the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of several grape varieties, characterization of grape SSR changed to be necessary not only to genomics but to also help SSR development and utility.

GmMPK6 Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance through Induction of in Soybean.

Salt stress is a critical environmental stress that impairs plant growth and development, especially in crop productivity; therefore, understanding the salt response in plants is the basis for their development of salt tolerance. Under salinity, soybean mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (GmMPK6) is activated and positively regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, it is not yet elucidated how GmMPK6 regulates ROS generation and its role in salt tolerance.

Integrated metabolic and transcriptional analysis reveals the role of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (IbCCD4) in carotenoid accumulation in sweetpotato tuberous roots.

Background: Plant carotenoids are essential for human health, having wide uses in dietary supplements, food colorants, animal feed additives, and cosmetics. With the increasing demand for natural carotenoids, plant carotenoids have gained great interest in both academic and industry research worldwide. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) enriched with carotenoids is an ideal feedstock for producing natural carotenoids.

Toward reducing the immunogenic potential of wheat flour: identification and characterization of wheat lines missing omega-5 gliadins encoded by the 1D chromosome.

Eleven wheat lines that are missing genes for the 1D-encoded omega-5 gliadins will facilitate breeding efforts to reduce the immunogenic potential of wheat flour for patients susceptible to wheat allergy. Efforts to reduce the levels of allergens in wheat flour that cause wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis are complicated by the presence of genes encoding omega-5 gliadins on both chromosomes 1B and 1D of hexaploid wheat. In this study, we screened 665 wheat germplasm samples using gene specific DNA markers for omega-5 gliadins encoded by the genes on 1D chromosome that were obtained from the reference wheat Chinese Spring.

Evaluation of Anti-Oxinflammatory and ACE-Inhibitory Properties of Protein Hydrolysates Obtained from Edible Non-Mulberry Silkworm Pupae and ).

Food-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) obtained from edible insect-protein hold multiple activities promising the potential to target complex pathological mechanisms responsible for chronic health conditions such as hypertension development. In this study, enzymatic protein hydrolysates from non-mulberry edible silkworm (Muga) and (Eri) pupae, specifically Alcalase ( and Papain () hydrolysates obtained after 60 and 240 min, exhibited the highest ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant properties. The hydrolysates' fractions (<3, 3-10 and >10 kDa), specifically Alc_M60min_F3 (≤3 kDa) and Pap_E240min_F3 (≤3 kDa), showed the highest antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities, respectively.

Silicon Application for the Modulation of Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Structures and Metabolite Profiles in Peanut under Inoculation.

Silicon (Si) has been shown to promote peanut growth and yield, but whether Si can enhance the resistance against peanut bacterial wilt (PBW) caused by , identified as a soil-borne pathogen, is still unclear. A question regarding whether Si enhances the resistance of PBW is still unclear. Here, an in vitro inoculation experiment was conducted to study the effects of Si application on the disease severity and phenotype of peanuts, as well as the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere.

How genomics can help biodiversity conservation.

The availability of public genomic resources can greatly assist biodiversity assessment, conservation, and restoration efforts by providing evidence for scientifically informed management decisions. Here we survey the main approaches and applications in biodiversity and conservation genomics, considering practical factors, such as cost, time, prerequisite skills, and current shortcomings of applications. Most approaches perform best in combination with reference genomes from the target species or closely related species.

First report of citrus leaf blotch virus infecting Viburnum lentago in South Korea.

Viburnum lentago (family Adoxaceae) is a perennial plant species native to northeastern United States and southern Canada. Globally, V. lentago is a popular garden plant due to its abundant flowers and beautiful autumnal color.

Advance methodological approaches for carbon stock estimation in forest ecosystems.

The forests are a key player in maintaining ecological balance on the earth. They not only conserve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion, and protect watersheds but also promote the above and below-ground ecosystem services. Forests are known as air cleaners on the planet and play a significant role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere.