An Adjustable Pneumatic Planter with Reduced Source Vibration for Better Precision in Field Seeding.

The growing demand for agricultural output and limited resources encourage precision applications to generate higher-order output by utilizing minimal inputs of seed, fertilizer, land, and water. An electronically operated planter was developed, considering problems like ground-wheel skidding, field vibration, and the lack of ease in field adjustments of ground-wheel-driven seed-metering plates. The seed-metering plate of each unit of the developed planter is individually driven by a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor, and a BLDC motor-based aspirator is attached for pneumatic suction of seeds.

Nutrient release pattern and mitigation of NO emissions under the application of activated poultry manure compost biochar with organic resources.

Biochar was generally used to reduce the macronutrient releases and to mitigate NO gas emissions in cropland. This experiment evaluated the trend of major plant nutrient releases using the modified Hyperbola model and the greenhouse gas emissions by incorporating different poultry manure compost biochar with organic resources. The treatments consisted of the control as the organic fertilizer materials, the incorporated poultry manure compost biochar with organic fertilizer materials (PMCBF), and the incorporated plasma-activated poultry manure compost biochar with organic fertilizer materials (PAMBF) under redox conditions.

Mycoproteins and their health-promoting properties: Fusarium species and beyond.

Filamentous fungal mycoproteins have gained increasing attention as sustainable alternatives to animal and plant-based proteins. This comprehensive review summarizes the nutritional characteristics, toxicological aspects, and health-promoting effects of mycoproteins, focusing on those derived from filamentous fungi, notably Fusarium venenatum. Mycoproteins are characterized by their high protein content, and they have a superior essential amino acid profile compared to soybeans indicating excellent protein quality and benefits for human nutrition.

Evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting pregnancy rate in dual-purpose cows under tropical conditions.

Embryo transfer (ET) in bovines was created with the purpose of increasing the pregnancy rate (PR) of animals with high genetic value; however, multiple factors have been found to affect the success of this reproductive biotechnology. These factors are frequently grouped in intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Thus, the objective of the present experiments was to assess the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the pregnancy rate under tropical conditions.

Ecological weed management and square planting influenced the weed management, and crop productivity in direct-seeded rice.

Herbicide use may pose a risk of environmental pollution or evolution of resistant weeds. As a result, an experiment was carried out to assess the influence of different non-chemical weed management tactics (one hoeing (HH) at 12 DAS followed by (fb) one hand weeding at 30 DAS, one HH at 12 DAS fb Sesbania co-culture and its mulching, one HH at 12 DAS fb rice straw mulching @ 4t ha, one HH at 12 DAS fb rice straw mulching @ 6 t ha) on weed control, crop growth and yield, and economic returns in direct-seeded rice (DSR). Experiment was conducted during kharif season in a split-plot design and replicated thrice.

miRNA Dynamics for Pest Management: Implications in Insecticide Resistance.

Utilizing chemical agents in pest management in modern agricultural practices has been the predominant approach since the advent of synthetic insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is an emerging issue, as pest populations evolve to survive exposure to chemicals that were once effective in controlling them, underlining the need for advanced and innovative approaches to managing pests. In insects, microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators of a wide range of biological functions, characterized by their dynamic expression patterns and the ability to target genes.

Optimized combination of (Sika deer), (Dangui), and (Suk-jihwang) mitigates LPS-induced inflammation: exploring signaling pathways through plasma metabolomics.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of three anti-inflammatory materials [i.e., (CT), (AN), and (RG)] for the strongest anti-inflammatory potential.

First Report of Sweet Potato Virus E(SPVE) Infecting Sweet Potato in China.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) is a versatile crop, cultivated in the subtropical and tropical areas, as food, fodder, and industrial raw material crop.

Effects of 2'-fucosyllactose on the viability of starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin in yogurt during refrigerated storage.

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is postulated to provide health benefits and promote the growth of probiotics. This work was undertaken to study the effects of 2'-FL on the viability of starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin in yogurt during refrigerated storage. Yogurts were produced containing 2'-FL (0 or 2 g/L) and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin (Bifidobacterium longum subsp.

Nutritional and functional perspectives of pseudocereals.

An increase in the consumption of carbohydrate-rich cereals over past few decades has led to increased metabolic disorders in population. This nutritional imbalance in diets may be corrected by substituting cereal grains with pseudocereals that are richer in high-quality proteins, dietary fibers, unsaturated fats, and bioactive compounds (e.g.

The metabolic fingerprint of Scots pine-root and needle metabolites show different patterns in dying trees.

The loss of leaves and needles in tree crowns and tree mortality are increasing worldwide, mostly as a result of more frequent and severe drought stress. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a tree species that is strongly affected by these developments in many regions of Europe and Asia.

An improved chromosome-level genome assembly of perennial ryegrass ( L.).

This work is an update and extension of the previously published article "Ultralong Oxford Nanopore Reads Enable the Development of a Reference-Grade Perennial Ryegrass Genome Assembly" by Frei  The published genome assembly of the doubled haploid perennial ryegrass ( L.) genotype Kyuss (Kyuss v1.0) marked a milestone for forage grass research and breeding.

Prediction of Soluble-Solid Content in Citrus Fruit Using Visible-Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Based on Effective-Wavelength Selection Algorithm.

Citrus fruits were sorted based on external qualities, such as size, weight, and color, and internal qualities, such as soluble solid content (SSC), acidity, and firmness. Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging techniques were used as rapid and nondestructive techniques for determining the internal quality of fruits. The applicability of the VNIR hyperspectral imaging technique for predicting the SSC in citrus fruits was evaluated in this study.

High-resolution bulked segregant analysis enables candidate gene identification for bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.).

Bacterial wilt, caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (Xtg), is a serious disease of economically important forage grasses, including Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.).

Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs associated with diamide detoxification pathways in Spodoptera frugiperda.

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a severe economic pest of multiple crops globally. Control of this pest is often achieved using insecticides; however, over time, S. frugiperda has developed resistance to new mode of action compounds, including diamides.

Nitrogen availability and plant functional composition modify biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships.

Biodiversity typically increases multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) but variation in the strength and direction of biodiversity effects between studies suggests context dependency. To determine how different factors modulate the diversity effect on multifunctionality, we established a large grassland experiment manipulating plant species richness, resource addition, functional composition (exploitative vs. conservative species), functional diversity and enemy abundance.

Chiropractic effects on stride parameters and heart rate during exercise in sport horses.

Background: Equine veterinarians performing chiropractic treatments are frequently asked to evaluate and treat sound horses to improve their performance and address pain associated with the axial skeleton. Studies describing the effects and mechanisms of chiropractic treatments in horses without overt lameness are scarce.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chiropractic treatments on stride rate, length, symmetry, heart rate and rider-perceived quality of the ridden work in sport horses.

High genomic plasticity and unique features of Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis revealed through comparative analysis of complete genome sequences.

Background: Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (Xtg) is a major bacterial pathogen of economically important forage grasses, causing severe yield losses. So far, genomic resources for this pathovar consisted mostly of draft genome sequences, and only one complete genome sequence was available, preventing comprehensive comparative genomic analyses.

Methane prediction equations including genera of rumen bacteria as predictor variables improve prediction accuracy.

Methane (CH) emissions from ruminants are of a significant environmental concern, necessitating accurate prediction for emission inventories. Existing models rely solely on dietary and host animal-related data, ignoring the predicting power of rumen microbiota, the source of CH. To address this limitation, we developed novel CH prediction models incorporating rumen microbes as predictors, alongside animal- and feed-related predictors using four statistical/machine learning (ML) methods.

Jasmonate activates secondary cell wall biosynthesis through MYC2-MYB46 module.

Formation of secondary cell wall (SCW) is tightly regulated spatiotemporally by various developmental and environmental signals. Successful fine-tuning of the trade-off between SCW biosynthesis and stress responses requires a better understanding of how plant growth is regulated under environmental stress conditions. However, the current understanding of the interplay between environmental signaling and SCW formation is limited.

PH13 improves soybean shade traits and enhances yield for high-density planting at high latitudes.

Shading in combination with extended photoperiods can cause exaggerated stem elongation (ESE) in soybean, leading to lodging and reduced yields when planted at high-density in high-latitude regions. However, the genetic basis of plant height in adaptation to these regions remains unclear. Here, through a genome-wide association study, we identify a plant height regulating gene on chromosome 13 (PH13) encoding a WD40 protein with three main haplotypes in natural populations.