Thoracolumbar spine muscle size and composition changes in long-duration space missions.

Muscle atrophy occurs with extended exposure to microgravity. This study quantified the overall muscle size, lean muscle area and fat infiltration changes pre- to post-flight that occur in the thoracic and lumbar spine with long-duration spaceflight. Pre- and post-flight magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 9 crewmembers on long-duration (≥6 months) International Space Station (ISS) missions.

The interplay between personal traits and coping strategies on shift-work tolerance: a cross-sectional study.

The ability to adapt to night shift work varies greatly among individuals, but little is known about how personal traits and coping strategies interact to affect shift-work tolerance. This study aimed to identify how certain personal traits (e.g.

Giant, unruptured, partially thrombosed right MCA aneurysm treated with 2 bypasses and excision.

Aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) account for up to 40% of all unruptured intracranial aneurysms [1-3] and 14% to 20% of ruptured ones. [4-5] Giant MCA aneurysms are rare, representing 10% of cases [6], but carry an aggressive natural history, with the UCAS Japan study reporting an annual rupture rate of ∼ 17%. [7].

Adaptive Intervention for School-Age, Minimally Verbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Community: Primary Aim Results.

Objective: The goal of this study is to construct a 16-week, two-stage, adaptive intervention consisting of DTT ([discrete trials training], largely considered usual care for children with autism), JASP-EMT (a blended, naturalistic, developmental behavioral intervention involving JASPER [joint attention, symbolic play, engagement and regulation] and EMT [enhanced milieu teaching]), and parent training (P) for improving spontaneous, communicative utterances in school-aged, minimally verbal autistic children. Intervention was delivered both at school (DTT, JASP-EMT) and home (P). This manuscript reports results for the study's primary aim and a closely related secondary aim.

Maximizing sorghum proteins printability: Optimizing gel formulation and 3D-printing parameters to develop a novel bioink.

The objective of this study was to form sorghum protein gels and explore their application in 3D food printing. Sorghum proteins were used to prepare gels with concentrations of 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %, and 35 % (w/w) in 70 % ethanol. The gels were evaluated for their rheological and textural properties and utilized as bioinks for 3D printing.

Unveiling results and insights from multinational, multicenter Study of Prescribing patterns and Effectiveness of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Real-world Analysis (SPECTRA).

Objectives: Antibacterial-resistant gram-negative hospital-acquired infections result in significant morbidity and mortality. In clinical trials, ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has been effective against these infections; however, real-world findings are limited.

Methods: SPECTRA was a global, retrospective, observational inpatient study of adults treated with C/T for ≥48 hours, conducted between 2016 and 2020.

Aerial urination suggests undescribed sensory modality and social function in river dolphins.

Scent marking through urine spraying is known to aid mate selection, territory marking and chemical communication in terrestrial, but not in aquatic mammals. We quantify an unusual aerial urination behaviour in botos (Inia geoffrensis) and discuss its potential functions. Between 2014 and 2018, we conducted land-based behavioural surveys on wild botos in central Brazil, recording the sequence, duration and social context of aerial urination.

A quantitative intracellular peptide binding assay reveals recognition determinants and context dependence of short linear motifs.

Transient protein-protein interactions play key roles in controlling dynamic cellular responses. Many examples involve globular protein domains that bind to peptide sequences known as Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs), which are enriched in intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. Here we describe a novel functional assay for measuring SLiM binding, called Systematic Intracellular Motif Binding Analysis (SIMBA).

Surveying helix 12 dynamics within constitutively active estrogen receptors using bipartite tetracysteine display.

Somatic Y537S and D538G mutations within the estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain (ERα-LBD) have been linked to enhanced cell proliferation, survival, and metastases in ER-positive breast cancers. Such mutations are thought to confer ligand-independent receptor activation by increasing the flexibility of helix 12 (H12), a segment within the ERα-LBD that acts as a dynamic regulator of ERα activity. We employed bipartite tetracysteine display coupled with the biarsenical profluorophore FlAsH-EDT to monitor ligand-independent structural transitions of H12 in ERα-LBDs that include Y537S or D538G mutations.

Maresin-1 promotes neuroprotection and modulates metabolic and inflammatory responses in disease-associated cell types in preclinical models of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent inflammatory neurodegenerative disease in young people, causing neurological abnormalities and impairment. To investigate a novel therapeutic agent for MS, we observed the impact of maresin 1 (MaR1) on disease progression in a well-known, relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-EAE) mouse model. Treatment with MaR1 accelerated inflammation resolution, reduced neurological impairment, and delayed disease development by reducing immune cell infiltration (CD4+IL-17+ and CD4+IFNγ+) into the central nervous system (CNS).

Predicting metal-binding proteins and structures through integration of evolutionary-scale and physics-based modeling.

Metals are essential elements in all living organisms, binding to approximately 50% of proteins. They serve to stabilize proteins, catalyze reactions, regulate activities, and fulfill various physiological and pathological functions. While there have been many advancements in determining the structures of protein-metal complexes, numerous metal-binding proteins still need to be identified through computational methods and validated through experiments.

Physical forces supporting hyphal growth.

Hyphae are viscoelastic tubes whose internal pressure pushes the cell membrane against the inner surface of the cell wall. Catalytic yielding of the wall allows this turgor to force its polymers apart as new materials are added to the surface of the growing tip. Turgor drops slightly as the wall expands, creating a pressure gradient that causes the cytoplasm to flow toward the tip.

Human organotypic colon in vitro microtissue: unveiling a new window into colonic drug disposition.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate EpiColon, a novel human organotypic 3D colon microtissue prototype, developed to assess colonic drug disposition, with a particular focus on permeability ranking, and compare its performance to Caco-2 monolayers. EpiColon was characterized for barrier function using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), morphology via histology and immunohistochemistry, and functionality through drug transport studies measuring apparent permeability (P). Cutoff thresholds for the permeability of FITC-dextran 4 kDa (FD4), FITC-dextran 10 kDa (FD10S), and [C]mannitol were established to monitor microtissue integrity.

Describing the landscape of nutrition- and diet-related randomized controlled trials: meta-research study of protocols published between 2012 and 2022.

Background: Publishing protocols promotes transparency and reproducibility. The scope and methods of protocols for nutrition- and diet-related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been investigated yet.

Objective: Map the landscape of nutrition- and diet-related interventions research.

Perspective: Challenges for Personalized Nutrition in the Current U.S. Regulatory Framework and Future Opportunities.

Personalized Nutrition (PN) aims to provide tailored dietary recommendations to improve a person's health outcomes by integrating a multitude of individual-level information and support desired behavior changes. The field is rapidly evolving with technological advances. As new biomarkers are discovered, wearables and other devices can now provide up-to-the-minute insights, and artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models support recommendations and lifestyle behavior change.

Why does cardiology have many extreme publishing authors?

Under diverse contributing factors in different scientific micro-environments, the number of authors who publish extreme numbers of full articles in a single year has increased. Cardiology is the subfield that has the largest share of authors with extreme publishing behavior than any other subfield in science (outside physics). Between 2000 and 2022, 137 authors in the subfield of Cardiovascular System (CVS, Science-Metrix classification) have published over 60 full articles in at least one calendar year and are also highly-cited.

Two Recombinant Cytomegalovirus Antigens Formulated with the SPA14 Adjuvant System: Impact of Temperature, pH and Excipients on the Stability of each Antigen and Adjuvant Component.

By evaluating the stability profiles of each component of a vaccine candidate (antigens, adjuvants), formulation conditions to mitigate vaccine instability can be identified. In this work, two recombinant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) glycoprotein antigens (gB, Pentamer) were formulated with SPA14, a novel liposome-based adjuvant system containing a synthetic TLR4 agonist (E6020) and a saponin (QS21). Analytical characterization and accelerated stability studies were performed with the two CMV antigens, formulated with and without SPA14, under various conditions (temperature, pH, excipients).

Gene copy deletion of STK11, KEAP1, and SMARCA4: clinicopathologic features and association with outcomes to immunotherapy +/- chemotherapy in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Mutations in STK11, KEAP1, and SMARCA4 predispose to inferior immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly among KRAS-mutant cases. However, the frequency, clinicopathologic features, and clinical impact of deletions in these genes are poorly characterized.

Methods: Clinicopathologic correlates of STK11, KEAP1, and SMARCA4 deletion were analyzed in nonsquamous NSCLCs at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI).