Head-to-Head comparison of [F]FDG, [F]FMZ, and [F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography imaging in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Purpose: The loss of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) can lead to dysfunction of GABAergic neurons, but a direct comparison of SV2A and GABA receptor densities in humans has not been assessed. This study evaluated SV2A and GABA receptor abnormalities in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and compared the patterns to glucose hypometabolism.

Methods: Eleven patients with DRE were retrospectively recruited and underwent PET imaging with [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG), [F]Flumazenil (FMZ), and [F]SynVesT-1.

Ferroptosis- and stemness inhibition-mediated therapeutic potency of ferrous oxide nanoparticles-diethyldithiocarbamate using a co-spheroid 3D model of pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate and exhibits a limited response to apoptosis-dependent chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., gemcitabine, Gem).

Single-cell RNA sequencing and functional analysis reveal the role of altered glycosylation levels of hepatic macrophages in liver cirrhosis.

Background: Liver cirrhosis represents a critical stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by progressive liver damage, cellular dysfunction, and disrupted cell-to-cell interactions. Glycosylation, an essential post-translational modification, significantly influences cellular behavior and disease progression. Its role in cirrhosis at the single-cell level remains unclear, despite its importance.

Radiation dose proportions of localizer radiograph and bolus tracking in low-dose pediatric cardiothoracic computed tomography.

Background: Optimization of localizer radiograph and bolus tracking doses is necessary, as their dose proportion may increase with a decreasing diagnostic scan dose in pediatric cardiothoracic computed tomography (CT).

Objective: To evaluate the radiation dose proportions of the localizer radiograph and bolus tracking in low-dose pediatric cardiothoracic CT.

Materials And Methods: For low-dose pediatric cardiothoracic CT, a posteroanterior localizer radiograph was acquired with 80 kV, and 35 mA or 20 mA in 852 infants (age<1 year).

Ovarian volume estimation in girls using rapid MR imaging for right lower quadrant pain.

Background: MRI provides adequate ovarian imaging to permit accurate measurement. More normative data for children and adolescents is needed as MRI is being used for evaluation of right lower quadrant pain that could be due to ovarian torsion.

Objective: To determine normative data for ovarian size by MRI using a rapid protocol for right lower quadrant pain.

Impact of Lesion Severity in Fetal Cardiac Counseling.

Approximately 1% of all live births in the USA are affected by congenital heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of congenital defect-related illness and infant death. Although technological innovations have improved CHD diagnosis in utero, variation among fetal cardiac counseling practices persists. Our study aims to evaluate physician counseling content based on cardiac defect complexity.

Iron-sulfur clusters: the road to room temperature.

Iron-sulfur proteins perform a wide variety of reactions central to the metabolisms of all living organisms. Foundational to their reaction chemistry are the rich electronic structures of their constituent Fe-S clusters, which differ in important ways from the active sites of mononuclear Fe enzymes. In this perspective, we summarize the essential electronic structure features that make Fe-S clusters unique, and point to the need for studies aimed at understanding the electronic basis for their reactivity under physiological conditions.

Telehealth vs Clinic Postoperative Visit After Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Telehealth is becoming more common, but there is a paucity of literature investigating the role of telehealth in perioperative gynecologic care. The authors hypothesized that patients evaluated via telehealth 4 weeks after minimally invasive hysterectomy would not have lower satisfaction than patients evaluated in clinic.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled noninferiority trial of patients who underwent minimally invasive hysterectomy at a single academic medical center.

Esophageal motility disorders: a gastroenterologists' perspective for radiologists.

Esophageal motility disorders are commonly encountered in the outpatient setting during the evaluation of difficulty swallowing. They typically present with symptoms of dysphagia to solids or liquids, non-cardiac chest pain, or regurgitation. Practitioners rely on both invasive and non-invasive testing to evaluate these complaints, often utilizing endoscopy, fluoroscopic evaluations, and functional esophageal motility testing to characterize symptoms into formal motility disorders, when able.

IRS2 as a driver of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer: a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the fourth most common cause of brain metastasis (BM), with its incidence on the rise. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of these lesions from CRC remain unclear.

Methods: We analyzed the FoundationOne genomic database, which includes over 35,000 CRC samples from both local and metastatic sites.

Comprehensive Single-Cell Chromatin and Transcriptomic Profiling of Peripheral Immune Cells in Non-Segmental Vitiligo.

Introduction: Non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) is an autoimmune condition characterized by melanocyte loss. While skin-specific mechanisms are well-studied, systemic immune dysregulation contributing to NSV pathogenesis remains unclear.

Objective: This study employs a multi-omic single-cell approach to investigate circulating immune cells in NSV, integrating transcriptional and chromatin accessibility data.

Vision Loss in an Infantryman With Complex Hearing Loss: Case Report and Review of Susac Syndrome.

Susac syndrome can resemble various disorders resulting in a delayed or missed diagnosis and subsequent delays in treatment. Here, we present how successful consideration of patient history, symptoms, and ancillary testing led to prompt diagnosis and treatment of Susac syndrome by ophthalmologists. A 27-year-old active duty infantryman presented with sudden vision loss in the right eye during strenuous exercise after experiencing similar symptoms in the left eye 5 months earlier.

Molecular mechanisms of phytoconstituents from selected Egyptian plants against non-small cell lung cancer using integrated in vitro network pharmacology and molecular docking approach.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a widespread highly malignant type of lung cancer. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs may be accompanied by both drug resistance and serious side effects in patients. Therefore, safer and more effective medications are urgently needed for the treatment of NSCLC.

Influence of aerogel mechanical properties on collagen micromorphology and its architecture.

Previously, we demonstrated the promise of aerogels for the repair of nerve injuries as neural cells extend longer processes (neurites) when grown on aerogels compared to a control surface. We also reported that the aerogel surface topography influenced neurite length. Neurite extension may be boosted by depositing collagen on the aerogel prior to plating the cells.

Drug Decriminalization and Fatal Traffic Crashes: Evidence From BM110 in Oregon.

Oregon Ballot Measure 110 (BM 110) reduced the penalties for non-commercial possession of a controlled substance, downgrading them from a felony or misdemeanor to a new Class E violation, punishable by a maximum $100 fine. In this paper, we investigate whether BM 110 was associated with changes in drug-related fatal traffic crashes in Oregon after its implementation in February 2021. To do so, we used Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data from 2018 to 2021 to calculate population-adjusted state-level drug-related fatal traffic crashes.

Hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive decline in LATE-NC and ADNC among community-dwelling older persons.

Introduction: This study investigates the inter-related roles of hippocampal neuronal loss (HNL), limbic-predominant age-related TAR-DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC), and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) on cognitive decline.

Methods: Participants underwent annual cognitive testing and autopsy. HNL, ADNC, LATE-NC, and other age-related pathologies were evaluated.

Hidden Heterogeneity: How the White Racial Category Masks Interethnic Health Inequality.

Inequality research has often used non-Hispanic Whites as the reference category in measuring U.S. racial and ethnic health disparities, with less attention paid to diversity among Whites.

Utility of Ultrasound Surveillance for Thyroid Cancer in Children.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common pediatric endocrine malignancy. The utility of ultrasound (US) surveillance after initial treatment has not been clearly delineated. We sought to evaluate the clinical utility of US for the detection of residual or recurrent disease in pediatric patients with thyroid cancer beginning 1 year after initial therapy.

Facet-Dependent Cold Welding of Au Nanorods Revealed by Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Cold welding of metals at the nanoscale has been demonstrated to play a significant role in bottom-up manufacturing and self-healing processes of nanostructures and nanodevices. However, the welding mechanism at the nanoscale is not well understood. In this study, a comprehensive demonstration of the cold welding process of gold nanorods with different modes is presented through in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy.

Reduced Water Availability to Mothers and Embryos Has Little Effect on Offspring Phenotypes in an Invasive Lizard.

Water availability has critical impacts on numerous physiological functions in all organisms and can have different effects across life stages. For example, water available to reproductive females can influence offspring production, and has the potential to influence how early-stage offspring (e.g.

Metastatic Thymic Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: The Diagnostic Challenges and Role of CRTC1/MAML2 Translocation in Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a subtype of epithelial neoplasms commonly found in salivary glands, but can also be seen in the thymus. Diagnosing MEC of the thymus is sometimes challenging due to its histological similarities with adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). This case report describes a 64-year-old female with a history of metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma who presented to an oncology clinic with a thymic mass as well as multiple mass lesions in the liver, bone, and abdominal wall.

Quercetin-Driven Akkermansia Muciniphila Alleviates Obesity by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism via an ILA/mA/CYP8B1 Signaling.

Global health is increasingly challenged by the growing prevalence of obesity and its associated complications. Quercetin, one of the most important dietary flavonoids, is being explored as an effective therapy for obesity with its mechanism remains understudied. Here in this study, it is demonstrated that quercetin intervention significantly reverses obesity-related phenotypes through reshaping the overall structure of microbiota, especially boosting colonization of the beneficial gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila (A.

Versatile roles of disordered transcription factor effector domains in transcriptional regulation.

Transcription, a crucial step in the regulation of gene expression, is tightly controlled and involves several essential processes, such as chromatin organization, recognition of the specific genomic sequences, DNA binding, and ultimately recruiting the transcriptional machinery to facilitate transcript synthesis. At the center of this regulation are transcription factors (TFs), which comprise at least one DNA-binding domain (DBD) and an effector domain (ED). Although the structure and function of DBDs have been well studied, our knowledge of the structure and function of effector domains is limited.

OPG and BAFF as predictive biomarkers of the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Molecules of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) are key players in immune regulation; an increase in some TNFSF molecules has been reported during severe COVID-19. In this study, we profiled and evaluated TNFSF members in the serum of COVID-19 vaccine-naïve patients to identify potential biomarkers associated with disease severity. Our data show that TRAIL serum levels are lower in severely affected patients than those mildly affected by COVID-19 (AUC 0.

Three-dimensional differences in plantar surface shape captured by methods used for custom accommodative insole design.

Background: The patient-specific shape of custom accommodative insoles for individuals with diabetes provides full foot-to-insole contact, offloading areas with high plantar pressures and reducing ulceration risk. To design the insole surface, plantar surface shape is captured, traditionally with a foam crush box impression or more recently with 3D scans of the foot. Beyond discrete measurements of the foot, the overall plantar surface shapes obtained from these different methods have yet to be compared, however, differences in the shapes captured by these methods may affect the insole's surface geometry design and subsequent performance.