Tangential Versus Segmental Portomesenteric Venous Resection During Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: An International Multicenter Cohort Study on Surgical and Oncological Outcome.

Objective: To investigate whether tangential versus segmental portomesenteric venous resection (PVR) impacts surgical and oncological outcome in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer with portomesenteric vein (PMV) involvement.

Summary Background Data: Current comparative studies on tangential versus segmental PVR as part of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer include all degrees of PMV involvement, including cases where tangential PVR may not be a feasible approach, limiting the clinical applicability.

Methods: International retrospective study in 10 centers from 5 countries, including all consecutive patients after pancreatoduodenectomy with PVR for pancreatic cancer with ≤180° PMV involvement on cross-sectional imaging at diagnosis (2014-2020).

Chemical structure-biological activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs as potential Aedes aegypti larvicides.

Background: 1,4-Naphthoquinone compounds have shown pesticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, a key vector of diseases such as dengue and Zika. However, limited knowledge of their structure-activity relationships has hindered their optimization for pesticide development. This study investigates the structure-activity relationships of 1,4-naphthoquinone, particularly 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and its derivatives.

Assessing the Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Warfarin and Rivaroxaban for Cancer Associated Thrombosis: Experience From a Resource Limited Setting.

Background: Thromboembolic events are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. While direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been established as the preferred agents of anticoagulation in most patients with cancer, data in resource-limited settings is limited.

Aims: The study aims to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of warfarin and rivaroxaban for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) in a resource-limited setting.

Tumour-Associated Macrophages in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial in the progression and treatment response of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). TAMs infiltrate OSCC, adopting an M2-like phenotype that promotes tumour growth, metastasis and immune suppression. The current narrative review explored the roles of TAMs in OSCC, focusing on their impact on the tumour microenvironment, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and potential therapeutic targeting.

Association Between Patient Safety Culture and Missed Nursing Care in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: To appraise and synthesise existing research on the relationship between patient safety culture and missed nursing care.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 onwards were searched from five databases (CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science).

Gender differences in early posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a network analysis.

Despite known gender/sex differences in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), potential differences in the associations among PTSD symptoms between men and women in the early post-trauma period are not well-characterized. This study utilized network analysis to assess potential differences in the associations among PTSD symptom clusters between men and women during the early post-trauma period. We included  = 475 participants (57.

Practical and economic challenges of implementing group auricular acupuncture treatment for chronic pain in primary care.

Background: Although growing numbers of patients seek acupuncture for pain management, few acupuncturists with insurance credentialing work in the conventional medical settings. This has resulted in increasing frustration among patients wishing to receive acupuncture in primary care settings as part of their insurance benefits.

Methods: A course of eight weekly sessions of group auricular acupuncture (AA) for chronic musculoskeletal pain was implemented in a US primary care clinic and billed to insurance.

A Survey of the Congenital Glaucoma Surgery Practice Patterns in the Indian Pediatric Glaucoma Society.

Purpose: To assess the practice patterns among the Indian Pediatric Glaucoma Society (IPGS) members in the management of children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods: An anonymous 74-question survey was administered online via Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, Utah, USA) using a link sent by email to the 88 IPGS members. The questionnaire comprised five sections and was designed to gather information regarding respondent demographics and specialty training, clinic composition and volume, surgical practices and preferences, follow-up practices, and additional services.

Exploring the Molecular Interplay Between Oxygen Transport, Cellular Oxygen Sensing, and Mitochondrial Respiration.

The mitochondria play a key role in maintaining oxygen homeostasis under normal oxygen tension (normoxia) and during oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). This is a critical balancing act between the oxygen content of the blood, the tissue oxygen sensing mechanisms, and the mitochondria, which ultimately consume most oxygen for energy production. We describe the well-defined role of the mitochondria in oxygen metabolism with a special focus on the impact on blood physiology and pathophysiology.

Long-term safety and efficacy of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata and at least 25% scalp hair loss: Results from the ALLEGRO-LT phase 3, open-label study.

Background: ALLEGRO-LT is an ongoing, long-term, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 study of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata (AA).

Objectives: To evaluate ritlecitinib safety and efficacy through Month 24 in patients with AA and ≥25% scalp hair loss.

Methods: ALLEGRO-LT enrolled rollover patients who previously received study intervention in either ALLEGRO phase 2a or 2b/3 studies and de novo patients who had not received treatment in either study.

Decontamination and Surface Analysis of PFAS-Contaminated Fire Suppression System Pipes: Effects of Cleaning Agents and Temperature.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-containing firefighting foam have been used in stationary fire suppression systems for several decades. However, there is a lack of research on how to decontaminate PFAS-contaminated infrastructure and evaluate treatment efficiency. This study assessed the removal of PFAS from stainless steel pipe surfaces using different cleaning agents (tap water, methanol, and aqueous solutions containing 10 and 20 wt % of butyl carbitol (BC)) at different temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, and 70 °C).

The Pseudoenzyme β-Amylase9 From Arabidopsis Activates α-Amylase3: A Possible Mechanism to Promote Stress-Induced Starch Degradation.

Starch accumulation in plants provides carbon for nighttime use, for regrowth after periods of dormancy, and for times of stress. Both ɑ- and β-amylases (AMYs and BAMs, respectively) catalyze starch hydrolysis, but their functional roles are unclear. Moreover, the presence of catalytically inactive amylases that show starch excess phenotypes when deleted presents questions on how starch degradation is regulated.

Stressful life events are associated with the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases among adults.

Objectives: To assess the association between life events and subsequent diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) by comparing siblings discordant for SARDs and unrelated controls.

Methods: Life events 12 months prior to SARD diagnosis/reference date were queried using the Interview for Recent Life Events in 227 adults (96 probands with SARDs, 78 siblings, 53 controls). Probands were matched by age, sex, and race with their unaffected siblings or with unrelated controls.

A review of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the evaluation and treatment of hepatobiliary tumors.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTC) pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multiphase computed tomography (CT) have been the preferred imaging modalities for diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of patients with these malignancies. The best clinical outcomes depend on the appropriate selection of treatment options from the tools available in neo-adjuvant therapy, surgical resection, locoregional therapy, liver transplantation, and adjuvant therapy.

How Do Personality Dysfunction and Maladaptive Personality Traits Predict Time to Premature Discontinuation of Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD?

Objectives: Non-adherence to medication is common in the adult ADHD clinical group. The goal of this pre-registered study was to examine whether the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD), generality personality dysfunction (LPFS-BF 2.0) or maladaptive personality traits (PID-5), can predict time to premature discontinuation of pharmacological treatment beyond other known factors.

Directed Acyclic Graphs in Decision-Analytic Modeling: Bridging Causal Inference and Effective Model Design in Medical Decision Making.

Our commentary proposes the application of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) in the design of decision-analytic models, offering researchers a valuable and structured tool to enhance transparency and accuracy by bridging the gap between causal inference and model design in medical decision making.The practical examples in this article showcase the transformative effect DAGs can have on model structure, parameter selection, and the resulting conclusions on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.This methodological article invites a broader conversation on decision-modeling choices grounded in causal assumptions.

Inflammation in atherosclerosis: a Big Idea that has underperformed so far.

Purpose Of Review: For many years, inflammation has been a major concept in basic research on atherosclerosis and in the development of potential diagnostic tools and treatments. The purpose of this review is to assess the performance of this concept with an emphasis on recent clinical trials. In addition, contemporary literature may help identify new therapeutic targets, particularly in the context of the treatment of early, rather than end-stage, arterial disease.

Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candidozyma Isolates From Argentina.

Background: Epidemiological surveillance of Candidozyma sp. has become important because many species of this new genus have been reported to be responsible for nosocomial outbreaks and to exhibit elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to one or more classes of antifungal drugs.

Objectives: To describe the genetic relationships among Argentinian clinical isolates belonging to the Candidozyma genus and to study the molecular mechanisms associated with antifungal resistance.

Limited Utility of Routine Surveillance Ultrasound in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients With Undetectable Postoperative Thyroglobulin Levels.

Background: Neck ultrasound (US) and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements are mainstays of long-term differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) surveillance. Given the high sensitivity of serum Tg, we aimed to assess the utility of neck US in DTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and have undetectable serum Tg.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of DTC patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy at our institution (2010-2023) and received US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) during their surveillance.

Legacy and Leadership: Celebrating the Contributions of Six Visionary Presidents of the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery.

Leadership in pediatric and congenital heart surgery requires a distinctive blend of clinical mastery, scientific innovation, and an unwavering commitment to education and mentorship. The individuals who rise to the top of this demanding field exhibit not only surgical prowess but also the ability to foster progress through impactful research, publications, and training the next generation of surgeons. These qualities are exemplified by the six past presidents of the (WSPCHS), whose leadership has been instrumental in advancing both the Society and the broader field of pediatric cardiac care.

Measuring the effects of motion corruption in fetal fMRI.

Irregular and unpredictable fetal movement is the most common cause of artifacts in in utero functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), affecting analysis and limiting our understanding of early functional brain development. The accurate detection of corrupted functional connectivity (FC) resulting from motion artifacts or preprocessing, instead of neural activity, is a prerequisite for reliable and valid analysis of FC and early brain development. Approaches to address this problem in adult data are of limited utility in fetal fMRI.

Association of Circulating Phenylacetylglutamine With Multi-Vessel Coronary Disease Severity and Outcomes in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding the association between plasma phenylacetylglutamine levels and lesion severity and clinical prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with multivessel coronary disease (MVCD). This study aims to investigate the potential of phenylacetylglutamine as a biomarker for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) of patients with STEMI and MVCD.

Methods And Results: Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 631 patients with STEMI and MVCD, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention.