New Directions for Ophthalmic OCT - Handhelds, Surgery, and Robotics.

The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 1990s revolutionized diagnostic ophthalmic imaging. Initially, OCT's role was primarily in the adult ambulatory ophthalmic clinics. Subsequent advances in handheld form factors, integration into surgical microscopes, and robotic assistance have expanded OCT's utility and impact outside of its initial environment in the adult outpatient ophthalmic clinic.

Mikhail 'Misha' Blagosklonny's enduring legacy in geroscience: the hyperfunction theory and the therapeutic potential of rapamycin.

The untimely passing of Dr. Mikhail "Misha" Blagosklonny has left a lasting void in geroscience and oncology. This review examines his profound contributions, focusing on his pioneering the Hyperfunction Theory and his advocacy for rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, as a therapeutic agent for lifespan extension.

The Role and Implications of Epidermal Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Inflammaging.

Inflammaging has long been linked to the pathogenesis of various aging-associated disorders, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dementia. Yet, the origins of inflammaging remain unclear. Although inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis predispose to the development of certain aging-associated disorders, suggesting a pathogenic role of cutaneous inflammation in these disorders, the great majority of aged humans do not have inflammatory dermatoses.

Hair Straightener Use in Relation to Prevalent and Incident Fibroids in the Sister Study with a Focus on Black Women.

Background: Uterine fibroids disproportionately affect Black women, and exposure to chemicals from hair relaxers or straighteners ("straighteners") may contribute to fibroid development.

Objectives: We examined the association between straightener use and prevalent young-onset uterine fibroids (diagnosed before age 36 y), as well as incident fibroids (diagnosed age 36-60 y), with a focus on Black women. We also examined differences in associations across birth cohorts as proxies for formulation changes.

Mitigating matrix effects in oil and gas wastewater analysis: LC-MS/MS method for ethanolamines.

The high salinity and organic content in oil and gas wastewaters can cause ion suppression during liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis, diminishing the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements in available methods. This suppression is severe for low molecular weight organic compounds such as ethanolamines (, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), -methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and ,-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA)). Here, we deployed solid phase extraction (SPE), mixed-mode LC, triple quadrupole MS with positive electrospray ionization (ESI), and a suite of stable isotope standards (, one per target compound) to correct for ion suppression by salts and organic matter, SPE losses, and instrument variability.

Improvement in Temple Hollowing with VYC-20L Hyaluronic Acid Filler: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial of Safety and Effectiveness.

Background: Temple hollowing is characterized by the reduction of volume in the temporal fossa, which can result in a skeletonized look and contribute to an aged appearance. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the VYC-20L injectable gel for improvement of temple hollowing.

Methods: Adults with minimal, moderate, or severe temple hollows were randomized 2:1 to receive VYC-20L or no treatment.

A review on hydroxyapatite fabrication: from powders to additive manufactured scaffolds.

Hydroxyapatite (HA), the main inorganic bone component, is the most widely researched bioceramic for bone repair. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in HA synthesis methods and their integration into additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Synthesis methodologies discussed include wet, dry, and biomimetic routes, emphasizing their impact on tailoring the physicochemical properties of HA for biomedical applications.

Efficient Generation of Knock-Out Sheep by Electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complex with Dual-sgRNAs.

In mice, naturally occurring and induced mutations in the suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 () gene are associated with a high growth phenotype characterized by rapid post-weaning weight gain and 30-50% heavier mature body weight. In this work, we demonstrate an electroporation-based method of producing knock-out (KO) sheep. Electroporation of dual-guide CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes targeting was performed 6 h post-fertilization in sheep zygotes.

Design and implementation of optics for the experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping (EXCLAIM).

This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon monoxide at redshifts z < 1 and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshifts z = 2.5 - 3.

Feasibility of IR-MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of PFAS.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging contaminants that have been in use industrially since the 1940s. Their long-term and extensive commercial use has led to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. The ability to measure the bioconcentration and distribution of PFAS in the tissue of aquatic organisms helps elucidate the persistence of PFAS as well as environmental impacts.

A deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to access fluoroalkyl arenes.

Fluoroalkyl arenes (Ar-R) are valuable substructures present in several FDA-approved drugs, patents, agrochemicals, and materials, and complementary strategies that enable access to a broad spectrum of Ar-R compounds benefit these applied fields. Herein, we report a deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to convert cyclohexanones into broad-spectrum Ar-R containing compounds. Generally, the fluoroalkyl sources were activated to participate in a 1,2-addition reaction followed by aromatization in a sequence that contrasts more common preparations of these Ar-R compounds, such as (i) transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl electrophiles and nucleophiles, and (ii) radical fluoroalkylation reactions of C-H bonds of arenes.

Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of isolated from pullets through final raw product in the processing plant of a conventional broiler complex: a longitudinal study.

Unlabelled: are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, entero-invasive foodborne bacteria and are frequently detected in chicken houses and facilities of poultry broiler complexes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, critical entry points, and movement pattern of along different stages of a complex. A total of 1,071 environmental samples were collected from 38 production houses (8 pullet, 10 breeder, and 20 broiler), a hatchery, 6 transport trucks, and a processing plant.

Two-stage photodegradation of indomethacin molecular nanocomposites under extreme confinement.

The incorporation of a glassy material into a self-assembled nanoparticle (NP) film can produce highly loaded nanocomposites. Reduction of the NP diameter can lead to extreme nanoconfinement of the glass, significantly affecting the thermal and physical properties of the nanocomposite material. Here, we investigate the photostability and photodegradation mechanisms of molecular nanocomposite films (MNCFs) produced from the infiltration of indomethacin (IMC) molecules into self-assembled films of silica NPs (11-100 nm in diameter).

Influence of snow cover on albedo reduction by snow algae.

Unlabelled: Snow algae darken the surface of snow, reducing albedo and accelerating melt. However, the impact of subsurface snow algae (e.g.

A One-Dimensional Energy Balance Model Parameterization for the Formation of CO Ice on the Surfaces of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets.

Eccentric planets may spend a significant portion of their orbits at large distances from their host stars, where low temperatures can cause atmospheric CO to condense out onto the surface, similar to the polar ice caps on Mars. The radiative effects on the climates of these planets throughout their orbits would depend on the wavelength-dependent albedo of surface CO ice that may accumulate at or near apoastron and vary according to the spectral energy distribution of the host star. To explore these possible effects, we incorporated a CO ice-albedo parameterization into a one-dimensional energy balance climate model.

Variable surface antigen expression, virulence, and persistent infection by malaria parasites.

SUMMARYThe human malaria parasite is known for its ability to maintain lengthy infections that can extend for over a year. This property is derived from the parasite's capacity to continuously alter the antigens expressed on the surface of the infected red blood cell, thereby avoiding antibody recognition and immune destruction. The primary target of the immune system is an antigen called PfEMP1 that serves as a cell surface receptor and enables infected cells to adhere to the vascular endothelium and thus avoid filtration by the spleen.

A sensitivity analysis of methodological variables associated with microbiome measurements.

The experimental methods employed during metagenomic sequencing analyses of microbiome samples significantly impact the resulting data and typically vary substantially between laboratories. In this study, a full factorial experimental design was used to compare the effects of a select set of methodological choices (sample, operator, lot, extraction kit, variable region, and reference database) on the analysis of biologically diverse stool samples. For each parameter investigated, a main effect was calculated that allowed direct comparison both between methodological choices (bias effects) and between samples (real biological differences).

Evaluation of two MALDI-TOF MS systems and extraction methods for identification of filamentous fungi recovered from clinical specimens.

Unlabelled: Rapid and accurate identification of cultured molds is important to determine clinical significance and therapeutic decision-making. Conventional mold identification uses phenotypic macroscopic and microscopic characterization; however, this can take days or weeks for colony maturity and definitive microscopic structure formation, be limited to genus-level identification, and be misidentified due to morphologic mimics or similarities between closely related species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revolutionized bacterial and yeast identification but remains uncommon for molds in part because of limited reference libraries.

Nonclinical and clinical characterization of the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of islatravir.

The development of new and improved antiretroviral therapies that allow for alternative dosing schedules is needed for people living with HIV-1. Islatravir is a deoxyadenosine analog in development for the treatment of HIV-1 that suppresses HIV-1 replication via multiple mechanisms of action, including reverse transcriptase translocation inhibition and delayed chain termination. Islatravir is differentiated from other HIV-1 antiretrovirals by its high potency, long , broad tissue distribution, and favorable drug resistance profile.