Design Principles From Natural Olfaction for Electronic Noses.

Natural olfactory systems possess remarkable sensitivity and precision beyond what is currently achievable by engineered gas sensors. Unlike their artificial counterparts, noses are capable of distinguishing scents associated with mixtures of volatile molecules in complex, typically fluctuating environments and can adapt to changes. This perspective examines the multifaceted biological principles that provide olfactory systems their discriminatory prowess, and how these ideas can be ported to the design of electronic noses for substantial improvements in performance across metrics such as sensitivity and ability to speciate chemical mixtures.

A systematic review of current national hospital-based stroke registries monitoring access to evidence-based care and patient outcomes.

Background: National stroke clinical quality registries/audits support improvements in stroke care. In a 2016 systematic review, 28 registries were identified. Since 2016 there have been important advances in stroke care, including the development of thrombectomy services.

The Impact of Learning Curve on Robotic Living Donor Nephrectomy Outcomes: Retrospective Analysis.

Background: We aimed to investigate the outcome of patients after RDN at different time points.

Methods: We studied the outcomes of 77 living robotic living donor nephrectomies (RDN). Donors were separated into three groups: learning curve period (LCP), stabilisation period (SP), and teaching period (TP).

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A Real-World Study of Biologics and Sinus Surgery Use for Managing Nasal Polyposis.

Background/aim: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multisystemic disease associated with nasal polyposis. Multiple biologics are used for managing EGPA, including some approved for nasal polyps (NP). This study investigated real-world biologic prescription patterns for EGPA and their impact on NP and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) use.

Glucocorticoid signaling mediates lymphopoiesis impairment after cardiac arrest in mice.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Considerable advances in resuscitation have led to an increasing number of patients who survive the initial arrest event. However, among this growing patient population, morbidity and mortality rates remain strikingly high.

Neighborhood opportunity and residential instability: associations with mental health in middle childhood.

Background: Neighborhood quality may contribute to child mental health, but families with young children often move, and residential instability has also been tied to adverse mental health. This study's primary goal was to disentangle the effects of neighborhood quality from those of residential instability on mental health in middle childhood.

Methods: 1,946 children from 1,652 families in the Upstate KIDS cohort from New York state, US, were followed prospectively from birth to age 10.

A comparison of MRI and intraoperative measurements to determine interspinous spacer device size.

Purpose: To determine whether preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reliably determine intraoperative measurements in the Vertiflex Interspinous Spacer (ISS) procedure.

Methods: Patients who underwent Vertiflex ISS with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) and a preoperative MRI available in picture archiving and communication system (PACS) between January 2013 to February 2023 were identified retrospectively from the University of Chicago Medical Center Database. An experienced board-certified pain specialist and well-trained 2nd-year medical student independently performed measurements of the interspinous space where Vertiflex ISSs of various sizes are inserted.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Endovascular vs. Surgical Treatment in Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of surgical and endovascular treatments for SDAVFs.

Summary Of Background Data: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) result from an abnormal connection between the radiculomeningeal artery and the radicular vein, leading to venous hypertension and potential neurological damage.

Measuring the size of oil droplets in a flow cytometer using Mie resonances: A possible size calibration ladder for 0.5-6 μm.

An emulsion of silicone oil droplets in aqueous buffer produces a distinctive series of peaks or resonances in the side scatter histogram in a flow cytometer. As many as 12 peaks are observed in the violet-side scatter channel at 405 nm, with half that number observed in the blue side scatter channel at 488 nm. Using the index of refraction of the oil and buffer, the wavelength of light, and the collection angle and gain of the instrument, we assign the peaks to specific diameters at which Mie resonances occur.

Female Representation Among Head and Neck Surgical Oncology Publications.

Background: There is lower female representation within academic medicine. We aimed to investigate female authorship (FA) and female-held chair or program director (PD) positions within head and neck oncology (HNO).

Methods: Articles authored by females about microvascular and reconstructive surgery (MRS) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) were identified.

Evaluation and comparison of infusion reactions related to prophylactic medication timing for taxane administration.

Introduction: Taxane medications, paclitaxel, and docetaxel, are chemotherapy agents that have a higher incidence of reported hypersensitivity and infusion reactions. To help classify these reactions, the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) is utilized. Prophylactic medications have been used to decrease the incidence and severity of these events.

Racial Variation of Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Introduction: There is a need for a noninvasive, affordable, sensitive, and specific biomarker to diagnose early acute rejection, to negate the need for frequent biopsies. Dd-cfDNA is a powerful adjunct yet there is limited data on the ethnic differences in its values. There is anecdotal evidence that dd-cfDNA values at rejection may be higher in Black as compared to non-Black recipients.

Management of Clinically Node-Negative Salivary Gland Cancer: Observation, Neck Dissection, or Neck Irradiation?

Introduction: Salivary gland malignancies are heterogeneous tumors with highly variable outcomes. Elective neck management options include observation, neck dissection (ND), and neck irradiation (NI). We sought to compare outcomes of cN0 salivary gland cancer by elective neck management.

Aging and Cancer-Inextricably Linked Across the Lifespan.

Aging (as old man wind) alters the trajectory of cancer (dangerous seas) through changes in the immune system and metabolism (among many others), leading to altered cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses, as represented by the research areas (boats)-artwork by Michael DeGregori.

Comparative Effectiveness of Calcium-Channel Blockers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Diuretics on Cardiovascular Events Likelihood in Hypertensive African-American and Non-Hispanic Caucasians: A Retrospective Study Across HCA Healthcare.

Background: Hypertension, a leading global risk factor for mortality and disability, disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities. Our study investigates the association between the type of prior antihypertensive medication use and the likelihood of cardiovascular events (CVE) and assesses whether the patient's race influences this relationship.

Methods: A retrospective study of 14 836 hypertension cases aged ≥ 40 years was conducted using data from HCA Healthcare between 2017 and 2023.

The influence of rurality on self-reported physical therapy utilization among patients with severe chronic back pain in the United States.

Purpose: To examine the association of rurality and physical therapy utilization among a nationally representative sample of individuals with severe chronic back pain.

Methods: This study utilized a publicly available dataset from the 2019 National Health Information Survey (Adult Sample). Individuals with severe chronic back pain were identified based on survey items examining respondents' pain frequency and location.

A probabilistic approach to estimating timber harvest location.

Determining the harvest location of timber is crucial to enforcing international regulations designed to protect natural resources and to tackle illegal logging and associated trade in forest products. Stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) can be used to verify claims of timber harvest location by matching levels of naturally occurring stable isotopes within wood tissue to location-specific ratios predicted from reference data ("isoscapes"). However, overly simple models for predicting isoscapes have so far limited the confidence in derived predictions of timber provenance.

Comparative performance of risk prediction indices for mortality or readmission following heart failure hospitalization.

Aims: Risk prediction indices used in worsening heart failure (HF) vary in complexity, performance, and the type of datasets in which they were validated. We compared the performance of seven risk prediction indices in a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for HF.

Methods And Results: We assessed the performance of the Length of stay and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LE), Length of stay, number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months, and admission N-Terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP (LENT), Length of stay, Acuity, Charlson co-morbidity index, and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LACE), Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG), Readmission Risk Score (RRS), Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment model (EFFECT), and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) risk indices among consecutive patients hospitalized for HF and discharged alive from January 2017 to December 2019 in a network of hospitals in England.

Larger Perfusion Mismatch Volume Is Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) following a stroke is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Factors predicting LOS in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), impacting up to 40% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the predictors of LOS in AIS-MeVO.

Annie Dodge Wauneka: Legendary Mother of the Navajo people.

Annie Dodge Wauneka was an activist and public servant whose decades long career focused extensively on improving the welfare of the Navajo Community. She campaigned to increase education among those living on the Navajo Reservation through working on the Tribal Council, completing personal visits, and producing educational material to improve hygiene. Annie's biggest fight was against tuberculosis.

A rare case of recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with weak hormone receptor positivity.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is an exceptionally rare malignancy, accounting for less than 0.1% of all breast cancers. Despite its favorable prognosis, optimal management remains undefined due to its rarity and lack of consensus guidelines.

Evaluation of Healthcare Outcomes of Patients Treated with 3D-Printed-Titanium and PEEK Cages During Fusion Procedures in the Lumbar Spine.

Purpose: The objective of this observational, real-world study was to describe reoperation, revision, index healthcare utilization and hospital costs among patients treated with PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or 3D-printed-titanium cages during lumbar/lumbosacral posterior fusion procedures, either TLIF (transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion) or PLIF (posterior lumbar interbody fusion). Statistical comparisons were not conducted.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, observational study.