Who's at the Bottom of the Hiring List? Exploring the Compounding Effects of Applicant Race and Offense History on Employability.

Justice-involved persons, especially people of color and those convicted of a sexual offense, experience bias and other barriers when seeking employment. However, there is no research on the synergistic effects of race and sexual offense history on employment-related outcomes. This study examined whether a hypothetical job applicant's race (Black vs.

Prediction of implant failure risk due to periprosthetic femoral fracture after primary elective total hip arthroplasty : a simplified and validated model based on 154,519 total hip arthroplasties from the Swedish Arthroplasty Register.

Aims: While cementless fixation offers potential advantages over cemented fixation, such as a shorter operating time, concerns linger over its higher cost and increased risk of periprosthetic fractures. If the risk of fracture can be forecasted, it would aid the shared decision-making process related to cementless stems. Our study aimed to develop and validate predictive models of periprosthetic femoral fracture (PPFF) necessitating revision and reoperation after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Semaglutide in obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes across baseline HbA levels (STEP-HFpEF DM): a prespecified analysis of heart failure and metabolic outcomes from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: About half of patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have type 2 diabetes. In the STEP-HFpEF DM trial of adults with obesity-related HFpEF and type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous once weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg conferred improvements in heart failure-related symptoms and physical limitations, bodyweight, and other heart failure outcomes. We aimed to determine whether these effects of semaglutide differ according to baseline HbA.

Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness among US veterans, September, 2023 to March, 2024: a target trial emulation study.

Background: New respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines have been approved in the USA for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease in adults aged 60 years and older. Information on the real-world effectiveness of these vaccines is needed.

Methods: We used electronic health records in the Veterans Health Administration to emulate a target trial comparing a single dose of a recombinant stabilised prefusion F protein RSV vaccine versus no vaccination among veterans aged 60 years and older.

Short- and Intermediate-Term Morbidity Following Total Pelvic Exenteration in Colorectal Cancer.

Introduction: Total pelvic exenteration (TPE) for clinical T4b colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with significant morbidity. Short (0-30 days)- and intermediate (31-90 days)-term temporal analysis of complication onset is not well described, yet needed, to better counsel patients considering TPE.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with primary or recurrent clinical T4b pelvic CRC undergoing open TPE between 2014 and 2023 was conducted.

Integration of 168,000 samples reveals global patterns of the human gut microbiome.

The factors shaping human microbiome variation are a major focus of biomedical research. While other fields have used large sequencing compendia to extract insights requiring otherwise impractical sample sizes, the microbiome field has lacked a comparably sized resource for the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing commonly used to quantify microbiome composition. To address this gap, we processed 168,464 publicly available human gut microbiome samples with a uniform pipeline.

Massively parallel reporter assay investigates shared genetic variants of eight psychiatric disorders.

A meta-genome-wide association study across eight psychiatric disorders has highlighted the genetic architecture of pleiotropy in major psychiatric disorders. However, mechanisms underlying pleiotropic effects of the associated variants remain to be explored. We conducted a massively parallel reporter assay to decode the regulatory logic of variants with pleiotropic and disorder-specific effects.

What if what matters is emergent?

In this issue of Neuron, Ruggiero et al. demonstrate that hippocampal networks maintain a stable mean firing rate despite unstable individual units. This homeostatic control operates through NMDAR-eEF2K-BDNF signaling in parvalbumin interneurons.

Like, share, and spike: Glioblastoma progenitors influence neuronal excitability at the glioma-neural interface.

Writing in Neuron, Zhang et al. identify a subpopulation of glioblastoma cells from patient tumor samples with progenitor-like features that expresses the potassium ion channel KCND2. In mouse and organoid models, these cells enhance neural activity at the glioma-neural interface.

The architecture of theory and data in microbiome design: towards an S-matrix for microbiomes.

Designing microbiomes for applications in health, bioengineering, and sustainability is intrinsically linked to a fundamental theoretical understanding of the rules governing microbial community assembly. Microbial ecologists have used a range of mathematical models to understand, predict, and control microbiomes, ranging from mechanistic models, putting microbial populations and their interactions as the focus, to purely statistical approaches, searching for patterns in empirical and experimental data. We review the success and limitations of these modeling approaches when designing novel microbiomes, especially when guided by (inevitably) incomplete experimental data.

The ReAct project: Analysis of data from 23 different laboratories to characterise DNA recovery given two sets of activity level propositions.

The ReAct (Recovery, Activity) project is an ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) supported initiative comprising a large consortium of laboratories. Here, the results from more than 23 laboratories are presented. The primary purpose was to design experiments simulating typical casework circumstances; collect data and to implement Bayesian networks to assess the value (i.

Risk of carcinomas among children and adolescents with birth defects.

Background: Birth defects are associated with childhood cancer, but little is known regarding pediatric carcinomas, a group of especially rare tumors.

Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for any carcinoma, as well as thyroid, hepatocellular, and renal carcinoma specifically, up to 18 years of age among children with major, non-syndromic anomalies or chromosomal/genetic syndromes, relative to unaffected children.

Results: Our registry-linkage study included nine states and 21,933,476 children between 1990 and 2018: 641,827 with non-syndromic anomalies, and 49,619 with syndromes.

Is beard the male makeup? An experimental study on trust perception based on appearance.

Using economic games, this study explore how perceptions of trust are influenced by variables such as facial hair style, age, and attractiveness. The aim was to investigate the impact of facial characteristics on financial decisions related to trust. To achieve this, the study conducted a controlled trust experiment in a laboratory setting, manipulating the age and types of facial hair of the individuals being trusted.

Plant nutrient concentrations inform white-tailed deer diet limitations.

Management of large herbivores often involves increasing availability of forages sufficient in nutrient density to allow animals to meet dietary demands. Nutritional carrying capacity (NCC) models commonly are used to compare plant communities and management strategies, but failure to use the most limiting nutrient could result in overestimating NCC. Moreover, the relationship between limiting nutrients often is not considered, which may influence the utility of NCC models based on a single nutrient, especially when herbivores must simultaneously meet multiple constraints.

Review of the potential for selenium remobilization in semi-passive treatment systems of mine impacted waters.

Biological semi-passive mine water treatment technologies are used in the mining industry as an alternative to or in conjunction with active treatment systems to remediate mine impacted water (MIW) containing nitrate and selenium oxyanions such as selenate and selenite. In semi-passive biological treatment systems, MIW is pumped through a saturated, porous media (either a gravel bed or waste rock) which provides ample surface area for biofilm growth and the creation of anoxic, subaqueous environments. Additional nutrients and carbon sources are pumped into the system to encourage the growth of microbes that biochemically reduce selenate and selenite to insoluble reduced Se species such as selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) by respiring selenate and selenite.

ETSpy: A HyperSpy extension package for electron tomography data processing and reconstruction.

Electron tomography is a powerful tool for the three-dimensional characterization of materials at the nano- and atomic-scales. A typical workflow for tomography involves several pre-processing steps that may include spatial binning, image registration, and tilt-axis alignment depending upon the nature of the acquired data. Here we describe the capabilities of a new, open-source software package named ETSpy that builds upon the widely used HyperSpy package.

The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) as a predictor for extubation success in medical and surgical ICU patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation comprise common life support interventions for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Premature or delayed extubation increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite following weaning protocols, 10-20 % of patients fail extubation within 48 h.

Magnetite nanoparticles (FeONPs) promote drought tolerance and improve plant health, grain quality and yield in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

As a primary abiotic constraint for bean cultivation in semi-arid regions, drought stress significantly impacts both the yield and quality of beans. Foliar application of nanofertilizer has been shown to effectively improve crop yield and nutritional quality while mitigating environmental pollution associated with fertilizer runoff. In this study, we conducted a semi-field study using magnetite nanoparticles (FeONPs) to evaluate its effects on the growth, yield, nutrient quality, photosynthetic parameters, and physiological traits in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Validation of the Portuguese version of the Movement Disorder Society non-motor rating scale (MDS-NMS) in Parkinson's disease.

Background: The Movement Disorder Society Non-Motor Rating Scale (MDS-NMS) serves as a comprehensive clinical assessment tool for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) OBJECTIVES: This study aims to validate the Portuguese version of the MDS-NMS, addressing the critical need for culturally adapted rating scales in Portuguese-speaking populations.

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study engaged native Portuguese-speaking PD patients from 16 Movement Disorders Centers across Portugal and Brazil. We conducted a meticulous translation process into Portuguese, including forward-backward translation and cognitive pretesting.

Does exercise demonstrate a dose-dependent benefit with cognition in Parkinson's disease?

Background: Exercise confers motor benefits in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may even have disease modifying effects. While the impact of exercise on motor symptoms and quality of life is well-studied in PD, its relationship with cognitive performance warrants further attention.

Methods: In people with PD, self-reported exercise information was quantified using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA).

Vibro-tactile stimulation of the neck induces head righting in people with cervical dystonia.

Introduction: Cervical dystonia (CD) is characterized by involuntary neck muscle spasms that lead to abnormal head movements or postures. It is associated with somatosensory (tactile and proprioceptive) dysfunction. Here we tested whether vibro-tactile stimulation (VTS) of the cervical muscles constitutes a non-invasive form of neuromodulation of the somatosensory system that can provide temporary symptom relief for people with CD.

Early life stress and pubertal predictors of subsequent substance use in a national diverse sample of adolescents: Sex and substance type matter.

Background: Early life stress (ELS) increases the risk of substance use disorder (SUD) in adulthood. The pathway from ELS to SUD is hypothesized to be influenced by sex. We examine the impact of ELS on adolescent first substance use, a common precursor to adult SUDs, and test for sex differences in the relationship between ELS and risk of first use of alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana.

The bidirectional relationship between pain and tobacco use: Insights from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.

Background: Tobacco smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death, whereas chronic pain is the leading cause of disability. Chronic pain and tobacco smoking are closely interrelated. We investigated whether pain predicts daily cigarette smoking and if daily cigarette smoking predicts the development of pain.