Updates on Intrinsic Medicinal Chemistry of 1,4-dihydropyridines, Perspectives on Synthesis and Pharmacokinetics of Novel 1,4-dihydropyrimidines as Calcium Channel Blockers: Clinical Pharmacology.

Background: Several chemical studies described the physiological efficacy of 1,4- dihydropyridines (DHPs). DHPs bind to specific sites on the α1 subunit of L-type calcium channels, where they demonstrate a more pronounced inhibition of Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle compared to myocardial tissue. This selective inhibition is the basis for their preferential vasodilatory action on peripheral and coronary arteries, a characteristic that underlies their therapeutic utility in managing hypertension and angina.

The Application of Hydrogels in the Treatment of Intrauterine Adhesions.

Intrauterine Adhesions (IUA) are a significant cause of infertility and miscarriage, often resulting from trauma to the endometrium. While hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the primary treatment, the use of hydrogels as anti-adhesion barriers and drug delivery systems is gaining traction for improving patient outcomes. This review aims to explore various hydrogel types, their role in tissue repair, and the integration of stem cell therapy.

Protocol to detect neutral lipids with BODIPY staining in myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mouse mammary tumors.

Neutral lipids affect the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Here, we present a protocol for measuring neutral lipids in MDSCs using BODIPY from mouse mammary tumor derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells, 4T1, which is applicable to other mammary tumors of interest. We describe steps for 4T1 cell culture, single-cell isolation from tumors, staining of cells with antibodies and BODIPY, and flow cytometry.

4D light sheet imaging, computational reconstruction, and cell tracking in mouse embryos.

As light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) becomes widely available, reconstruction of time-lapse imaging will further our understanding of complex biological processes at cellular resolution. Here, we present a comprehensive workflow for in toto capture, processing, and analysis of multi-view LSFM experiments using the ex vivo mouse embryo as a model system of development. Our protocol describes imaging on a commercial LSFM instrument followed by computational analysis in discrete segments, using open-source software.

Overcoming CD226-related immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia with CD38 CAR-engineered NK cells.

CD226 plays a vital role in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, interacting with its ligands CD112 and CD155 to initiate immune synapse formation, primarily through leukocyte function-associated-1 (LFA-1). Our study examined the role of CD226 in NK cell surveillance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NK cells in patients with AML had lower expression of CD226.

Dual α-globin-truncated erythropoietin receptor knockin restores hemoglobin production in α-thalassemia-derived erythroid cells.

The most severe form of α-thalassemia results from loss of all four copies of α-globin. Postnatally, patients face challenges similar to β-thalassemia, including severe anemia and erythrotoxicity due to the imbalance of β-globin and α-globin chains. Despite progress in genome editing treatments for β-thalassemia, there is no analogous curative option for α-thalassemia.

Nonhuman primate antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2.

Virus neutralization profiles against primary infection sera and corresponding antigenic cartography are integral part of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccine strain selection processes. Human single variant exposure sera have previously defined the antigenic relationships among SARS-CoV-2 variants but are now largely unavailable due to widespread population immunity. Therefore, antigenic characterization of future SARS-CoV-2 variants will require an animal model, analogous to using ferrets for influenza virus.

Using language to evaluate curricular impact: a novel approach in assessing clinical reasoning curricula.

Objectives: Published clinical reasoning curricula are limited, and measuring curricular impact has proven difficult. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a broad-reaching, multi-level reasoning curricula by measuring utilization of clinical reasoning terminology in published abstracts.

Methods: In 2014, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) created a clinical reasoning curriculum with interventions at the student, resident, and faculty levels with the goal of bringing reasoning education to the forefront.

Changing practices, procedures, and perceptions: A multi-year person-centered planning initiative in group homes for residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Person-centered planning has been shown to benefit people with disabilities and their quality of life. However, we have little knowledge of how person-centered planning can benefit staff and administration within a group home organization, as well as the extent to which it results in changes to organizational practices and procedures, as well as perceptions of people with disabilities. In this qualitative study, we explored the perspectives of organizational employees, an affiliating behavioral consultant, and residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities, taking into consideration key insights from person-centered planning consultant-coaches, to understand the effects of a person-centered planning initiative on the group home organization.

Development and refinement of the Cardiovascular Health Equity through Food (CHEF) intervention for childhood cancer survivors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and refine Cardiovascular Health Equity through Food (CHEF), an intervention to address food insecurity (FI) in early childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

Methods: Single-center mixed-methods pilot study of a novel "food is medicine" intervention evaluating acceptability, satisfaction, and opportunities for refinement. CHEF participants were provided: (1) meal-kit delivery for 3 household meals/week for 3 months and (2) application assistance for federal nutrition benefits.

Coronary Intervention Outcomes in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Purpose Of Review: This review assesses the outcomes of coronary interventions in patients with liver cirrhosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), focusing on the clinical challenges posed by cirrhosis-related hemodynamic and coagulopathic changes. It highlights essential considerations for managing these patients, who have an increased risk of adverse events during coronary procedures.

Recent Findings: Recent studies have shown that patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing PCI experience significantly higher mortality rates compared to non-cirrhotic patients, particularly in the context of STEMI and NSTEMI.

Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Management of Cancer Pain: a Meta Analysis.

Purpose Of Review: The present investigation assesses efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on relief of cancer or chemotherapy-related pain. Patients with cancer experience a relatively high prevalence of pain that is reportedly undertreated. Therefore, this analysis is pertinent to determine if TENS is a useful complementary therapy considering its increase in accessibility and minimal side effect profile.

Risk factors and retreatment for relapse in childhood primary nephrotic syndrome treated with rituximab.

Background: The effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) for steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS) in children is well documented. However, there are insufficient data on relapse risk factors. Additionally, the retreat regimen for relapsed children requires further investigation.

Axial Spondyloarthritis Clinical Research Year in Review: SPARTAN 2024 Annual Meeting Proceedings.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to highlight high impact clinical research in axial spondyloarthritis that was published between May 2023 and April 2024. These publications were presented at the SPARTAN annual meeting in May 2024.

Recent Findings: Three publications addressed the rate and predictors of radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis.

Correlations Between Spirituality, Anxiety, and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Spirituality is widely recognized as a potential moderator of the adverse effects of hemodialysis on mental health. Understanding its impact on mental health in Saudi Arabia and the Arab world, however, remains a significant research gap. Hence, this study aims to explore the correlations between spirituality, anxiety, and depression among Saudi Arabian patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Quinoline: A Novel Solution for Next-Generation Pesticides, Herbicides, and Fertilizers.

Quinoline is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle compound widely used in the medical industry for its pharmacological properties, such as its antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Beyond its medical significance, quinoline shows promising applications in agriculture as a safe and effective pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer. This review explores the evolution of quinoline research, beginning with its history and synthesis and transitioning to its biological activities and their relevance in agriculture.

Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic condition characterized by disproportional pain typically affecting an extremity. Management of CRPS is centered around specific symptomatology, which tends to be a combination of autonomic dysfunction, nociceptive sensitization, chronic inflammation, and/or motor dysfunction. Targeting the autoimmune component of CRPS provides a way to both symptomatically treat as well as minimize progression of CRPS.

Myocardial Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: Recent Updates and Clinical Implications.

Purpose Of Review: The present review aims to address systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated myocardial disease, a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, by examining the mechanisms of inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and fibrosis that drive cardiac involvement. The objective is to elucidate critical risk factors and explore advanced diagnostic tools for early detection, enhancing patient outcomes by identifying those at highest risk.

Recent Findings: Recent studies underscore the importance of specific autoantibody profiles, disease duration, and cardiovascular comorbidities as key risk factors for severe cardiac manifestations in SSc.

Investigating digital determinants shaping pharmacists' preparedness for interoperability and health informatics practice evolution: a systematic review.

Background: Fragmented healthcare systems hinder pharmacists' access to comprehensive patient data, limiting their clinical role and posing health risks. Enhancing system interoperability and evaluating factors influencing pharmacists' readiness for technology-driven practice change is a crucial step.

Aim: This systematic review aimed to investigate the digital determinants of pharmacists' readiness for technology-oriented practice change and interoperability.

Mapping the knowledge landscape of the PET/MR domain: a multidimensional bibliometric analysis.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to explore research trends, collaboration patterns, and emerging themes in the PET/MR field based on published literature from 2010 to 2024.

Methods: A detailed literature search was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database with keywords related to PET/MR. A total of 4,349 publications were retrieved and analyzed using various bibliometric tools, including VOSviewer and CiteSpace.

Inpatient Hypoglycemic Rate Reduction Through the Implementation of Prescriber Targeted Decision Support Tools.

Purpose Of Review: Hypoglycemia has been shown to increase mortality and length of hospital stay and is now reportable to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as a quality measure. The purpose of this article is to review clinical decision support (CDS) tools designed to reduce inpatient hypoglycemic events.

Recent Findings: CDS tools such as order set development, medication alerts, and data visibility have all been shown to be valuable tools in improving glycemic performance.

Effect of Finerenone in Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Heart failure (HF) management is well-defined for reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but less so for mildly reduced (HFmrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of Finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in these patient populations.

Methods: A systematic search in PubMed and Embase identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Finerenone's cardiovascular and renal effects.

Medical Gaze Sans Bioethics: Revisiting Enslaved Black Women's Medical Bondage in Behind the Sheet.

The birth of modern gynecology in the USA is preceded by experimental exploitations of Black women's bodies in the mid-nineteenth century, entailing a long-drawn extraction of "reproductive knowledge" from enslaved patients. Charly Evon Simpson's Behind the Sheet (2019) stages the history of medical bondage of Black enslaved women in antebellum South, reconstructing the events that led to the surgical innovation for vesico-vaginal fistula. Scrutinizing Simpson's dramatization of the event, this paper prompts inquiries into the interplay of power and consent between the physician and the enslaved patient in plantation healthcare, highlighting the need to reexamine bioethical principles.

Navigating the Economic Burden of Multiple Myeloma: Insights into Cost-effectiveness of CAR-T and Bispecific Antibody Therapies.

Purpose Of Review: Multiple myeloma is a chronic malignancy and with evolving treatment options, understanding the economic burden and cost-effectiveness of therapies is crucial for clinicians and researchers.

Recent Findings: In this, we review the recent approval of Bispecific antibodies and CAR-T for myeloma and their cost implications, including direct and indirect costs. We compare this to current regimens and provide cost comparisons in this review.