Antisemitism in Medicine: An International Perspective.

Throughout history, Jewish people have long been recognized for their achievements in the world of medical science. For example, prior to the Holocaust, many outstanding physicians in Germany were Jewish. However, even in the 1930s, refugee European Jewish doctors faced significant barriers when they tried to escape and practice elsewhere because of long-standing prejudices and anti-Jewish quotas in medical schools and hospitals around the world.

The effects of handling on stress response markers in a reef fish model for aquaculture development, the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis.

With the expanding global population, interest has increased in the sustainable aquaculture development of indigenous fishes. In Hawai'i, the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis, has drawn interest as a candidate species for production. However, little is known about its resilience in aquaculture settings where fish are exposed to acute, husbandry-related stressors.

Efficacy of feeding spray-dried porcine plasma to turkeys during brooding on performance to market age.

The effect of feeding spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) to male turkeys during the first 4 weeks of life was evaluated at 20 weeks of age. A total of 648 male Hybrid Converter day-old turkeys were divided into two groups of 9 replicate pens of 36 birds each, and fed a commercial-type program of 7 diet phases. In phase 1 birds were fed a corn-soybean meal Control diet for 4 weeks, or a diet with 2% SDPP of similar nutrient density.

Comparing Large Language Models and Human Programmers for Generating Programming Code.

The performance of seven large language models (LLMs) in generating programming code using various prompt strategies, programming languages, and task difficulties is systematically evaluated. GPT-4 substantially outperforms other LLMs, including Gemini Ultra and Claude 2. The coding performance of GPT-4 varies considerably with different prompt strategies.

A phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of nirsevimab in healthy Chinese adults.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants worldwide. Nirsevimab, an extended half-life monoclonal antibody against RSV, is approved in China for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease in infants; however, global nirsevimab trials did not enroll Chinese infants. To inform the investigation of nirsevimab for the prevention of RSV LRTI in Chinese infants, this Phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of nirsevimab in healthy Chinese adults.

Recent advances in examining the factors influencing the efficacy of biocides against Listeria monocytogenes biofilms in the food industry: A systematic review.

Controlling Listeria monocytogenes and its associated biofilms in the food industry requires various disinfection techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological treatments. Biocides, owing to their ease of use, cost-effectiveness, dissolvability in water, and efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms, are frequently selected options. Nonetheless, concerns have been raised about their efficacy in controlling L.

Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory (VM-PATHI) : A narrative review.

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) has a wide range of clinical presentations that can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. Currently, there is no objective test available to confirm the diagnosis or measure the severity of VM. The only available tools for assessing disease severity are patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI).

Syncope: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment 2024.

Aim: In light of many recent advances in the field of vasovagal syncope, a selective review has been undertaken of these developments.

Methods: Recent publications on the following topics were reviewed; understanding of vasovagal syncope pathophysiology, tilt-testing methodology and interpretation, drug, ablation and pacemaker therapy.

Results And Conclusions: The vasovagal syncope field is very active in researching its pathophysiology, using it to gain better understanding of the process and applying this knowledge to therapy.

Semantic knowledge of social norms in frontotemporal dementia patients with either predominant frontal or temporal lobe atrophy.

Objective: Little is known about the relative contribution of frontal and anterior temporal lobes in semantic knowledge of social norms in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Therefore, this study examined performance of FTD patients with either frontal (F-FTD, left temporal (LT-FTD) or bitemporal lobe atrophy (BT-FTD) on the Social Norms Questionnaire (SNQ) and explored what accounts for the variance in the SNQ-break norm subscale (i.e.

Differentiated thyroid cancer in adolescents - does extent of disease at presentation differ with age?

Objectives: The authors sought to assess whether the age of 18 reflects a true pathological inflection point that justifies transitioning between pediatric and adult paradigms of care with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients aged 12-24 undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy for papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma from 2010 to 2020.

Results: A total of 153 patients receiving surgery for DTC were assessed for pathological stage, nodal metastasis, and thyroid neoplasm characteristics.

Epigenetic and Metabolic Landscape of Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Background: Lewy body diseases, including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are characterized by α-synuclein accumulation, leading to dementia. Previous studies suggest distinct epigenetic and metabolomic profiles in DLB.

Objective: This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers by analyzing the methylome and metabolome in the Brodmann area 7 of postmortem brain tissues from DLB patients and control subjects using multiomics approaches.

Hypertension Management in Women With a Multidisciplinary Approach.

Current clinical practice guidelines were established by several organizations to guide the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in men and women in a similar manner despite data demonstrating differences in underlying mechanisms. Few publications have provided a contemporary and comprehensive review focused on characteristics of hypertension that are unique to women across their life spectrum. We performed a computerized search using PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases between 1995 and 2023 that highlighted relevant clinical studies, challenges to the management of hypertension in women, and multidisciplinary approaches to hypertension control in women, including issues unique to racial and ethnic minority groups.

InPAS: An R/Bioconductor Package for Identifying Novel Polyadenylation Sites and Alternative Polyadenylation from Bulk RNA-seq Data.

Background: Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a crucial post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism that regulates gene expression in eukaryotes by increasing the diversity and complexity of both the transcriptome and proteome. Despite the development of more than a dozen experimental methods over the last decade to identify and quantify APA events, widespread adoption of these methods has been limited by technical, financial, and time constraints. Consequently, APA remains poorly understood in most eukaryotes.

Gene Polymorphisms in Greek Primary Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinical subtypes, categorized by hormone receptor status, which exhibits different prognoses and requires personalized treatment approaches. These subtypes included luminal A and luminal B, which have different prognoses. Breast cancer development and progression involve many factors, including interferon-gamma ().

Biomass-Based Microbial Protein Production: A Review of Processing and Properties.

A rise in population and societal changes have increased pressure on resources required to meet the growing demand for food and changing dietary preferences. The increasing demand for animal protein is concerning and raises questions regarding sustainability due to its environmental impact. Subsequently, scientists seek alternative proteins, such as microbial proteins (MPs), as an environmentally friendly choice.

Activated/Cycling Treg Deficiency and Mitochondrial Alterations in Immunological Non-Responders to Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis, but their dynamics are altered in a subset of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) known as immunological non-responders (INRs). INRs fail to reconstitute CD4 T-cell counts despite viral suppression. This study aimed to examine Treg dysregulation in INRs, comparing them to immunological responders (IRs) and healthy controls (HCs).

Circadian Disruption in Glaucoma: Causes, Consequences, and Countermeasures.

This review explores the intricate relationship between glaucoma and circadian rhythm disturbances. As a principal organ for photic signal reception and transduction, the eye plays a pivotal role in coordinating the body's circadian rhythms through specialized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), particularly intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs). These cells are critical in transmitting light signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central circadian clock that synchronizes physiological processes to the 24-hour light-dark cycle.

Optimization of Existing RNA Visualization Methods Reveals Novel Dendritic mRNA Dynamics.

Background: Spatial-temporal control of mRNA translation in dendrites is important for synaptic plasticity. In response to pre-synaptic stimuli, local mRNA translation can be rapidly triggered near stimulated synapses to supply the necessary proteins for synapse maturation or elimination, and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) are responsible for proper localization of mRNAs in dendrites. Although is a robust technique for analyzing RNA localization in fixed neurons, live-cell imaging of RNA dynamics remains challenging.

Neuroimaging Correlates of the NIH-Toolbox-Driven Cognitive Metrics in Children.

Background: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery is increasingly being used as a standardized test to examine cognitive functioning in multicentric studies. This study examines the associations between the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery composite scores with neuroimaging metrics using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to elucidate the neurobiological and neuroanatomical correlates of these cognitive scores.

Methods: Neuroimaging data from 5290 children (mean age 9.