Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions.

Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. Moreover, defense expression dynamically adapts to insect herbivory, causing significant metabolic changes and species-specific secondary metabolite accumulation. The present study aims to identify the resistance-related metabolites in wild tomato accessions that influence the defense mechanism against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Asia II 7) and leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta).

Parallel median consensus clustering in complex networks.

We develop an algorithm that finds the consensus among many different clustering solutions of a graph. We formulate the problem as a median set partitioning problem and propose a greedy optimization technique. Unlike other approaches that find median set partitions, our algorithm takes graph structure into account and finds a comparable quality solution much faster than the other approaches.

Rising infrastructure inequalities accompany urbanization and economic development.

Impending global urban population growth is expected to occur with considerable infrastructure expansion. However, our understanding of attendant infrastructure inequalities is limited, highlighting a critical knowledge gap in the sustainable development implications of urbanization. Using satellite data from 2000 to 2019, we examine country-level population-adjusted biases in infrastructure distribution within and between regions of varying urbanization levels and derive four key findings.

Valley charge-transfer insulator in twisted double bilayer WSe.

In flat-band systems, emergent physics can be substantially modified by the presence of another nearby electronic band. For example, a Mott˘Hubbard insulator can turn into a charge transfer insulator if other electronic states enter between the upper and lower Hubbard bands. Here, we introduce twisted double bilayer (TDB) WSe, with twist angles near 60°, as a controllable platform in which the K-valley band can be tuned to close vicinity of the Γ-valley moiré flat band.

Condensate droplet roaming on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces.

Jumping of coalescing condensate droplets from superhydrophobic surfaces is an interesting phenomenon which yields marked heat transfer enhancement over the more explored gravity-driven droplet removal mode in surface condensation, a phase change process of central interest to applications ranging from energy to water harvesting. However, when condensate microdroplets coalesce, they can also spontaneously propel themselves omnidirectionally on the surface independent of gravity and grow by feeding from droplets they sweep along the way. Here we observe and explain the physics behind this phenomenon of roaming of coalescing condensate microdroplets on solely nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces, where the microdroplets are orders of magnitude larger than the underlaying surface nanotexture.

Machine learning photodynamics decode multiple singlet fission channels in pentacene crystal.

Crystalline pentacene is a model solid-state light-harvesting material because its quantum efficiencies exceed 100% via ultrafast singlet fission. The singlet fission mechanism in pentacene crystals is disputed due to insufficient electronic information in time-resolved experiments and intractable quantum mechanical calculations for simulating realistic crystal dynamics. Here we combine a multiscale multiconfigurational approach and machine learning photodynamics to understand competing singlet fission mechanisms in crystalline pentacene.

Global water gaps under future warming levels.

Understanding the impacts of climate change on water resources is crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies. We quantify "water gaps", or unsustainable water use - the shortfall where water demand exceeds supply, resulting in scarcity. We quantify baseline and future water gaps using a multi-model analysis that incorporates two plausible future warming scenarios.

Stress landscape of folding brain serves as a map for axonal pathfinding.

Understanding the mechanics linking cortical folding and brain connectivity is crucial for both healthy and abnormal brain development. Despite the importance of this relationship, existing models fail to explain how growing axon bundles navigate the stress field within a folding brain or how this bidirectional and dynamic interaction shapes the resulting surface morphologies and connectivity patterns. Here, we propose the concept of "axon reorientation" and formulate a mechanical model to uncover the dynamic multiscale mechanics of the linkages between cortical folding and connectivity development.

Rhesus Cytomegalovirus-encoded Fcγ-binding glycoproteins facilitate viral evasion from IgG-mediated humoral immunity.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes four viral Fc-gamma receptors (vFcγRs) that counteract antibody-mediated activation in vitro, but their role in infection and pathogenesis is unknown. To examine their in vivo function in an animal model evolutionarily closely related to humans, we identified and characterized Rh05, Rh152/151 and Rh173 as the complete set of vFcγRs encoded by rhesus CMV (RhCMV). Each one of these proteins displays functional similarities to their prospective HCMV orthologs with respect to antagonizing host FcγR activation in vitro.

MetaQ: fast, scalable and accurate metacell inference via single-cell quantization.

To overcome the computational barriers of analyzing large-scale single-cell sequencing data, we introduce MetaQ, a metacell algorithm that scales to arbitrarily large datasets with linear runtime and constant memory usage. Inspired by cellular development, MetaQ conceptualizes each metacell as a collective ancestor of biologically similar cells. By quantizing cells into a discrete codebook, where each entry represents a metacell capable of reconstructing the original cells it quantizes, MetaQ identifies homogeneous cell subsets for efficient and accurate metacell inference.

Phase separation of a microtubule plus-end tracking protein into a fluid fractal network.

Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) participate in nearly all microtubule-based cellular processes and have recently been proposed to function as liquid condensates. However, their formation and internal organization remain poorly understood. Here, we have study the phase separation of Bik1, a CLIP-170 family member and key +TIP involved in budding yeast cell division.

Tailored topotactic chemistry unlocks heterostructures of magnetic intercalation compounds.

The construction of thin film heterostructures has been a widely successful archetype for fabricating materials with emergent physical properties. This strategy is of particular importance for the design of multilayer magnetic architectures in which direct interfacial spin-spin interactions between magnetic phases in dissimilar layers lead to emergent and controllable magnetic behavior. However, crystallographic incommensurability and atomic-scale interfacial disorder can severely limit the types of materials amenable to this strategy, as well as the performance of these systems.

Declines in anthropogenic mercury emissions in the Global North and China offset by the Global South.

Human activities have emitted substantial mercury into the atmosphere, significantly impacting ecosystems and human health worldwide. Currently, consistent methodologies to evaluate long-term mercury emissions across countries and industries are scant, hindering efforts to prioritize emission controls. Here, we develop a high-spatiotemporal-resolution dataset to comprehensively analyze global anthropogenic mercury emission patterns.

Therapeutic Focus on Strengths is Associated with Improved Functioning and Higher Clinical Progress in Children's Public Mental Health Care.

Prior findings suggest a greater therapeutic focus on strengths is associated with a higher likelihood of successful treatment discharge in youth public mental health treatment. To build upon previous research, the present study examined whether and to what extent therapeutic focus on strengths was associated with changes in day-to-day functioning and treatment progress over the course of therapy. This study used multilevel modeling techniques to analyze 12 consecutive years of standardized routine clinical service data from a public mental health care system which served youth and families who were typically from underserved and low-income backgrounds.

Firearm Deaths Impacting Older Adults.

Each year in the United States (U.S.) thousands of older adults die from firearm-related injuries.

Abdominal and Pelvic MRI Protocol Prediction Using Natural Language Processing.

Exam protocoling is a significant non-interpretive task burden for radiologists. The purpose of this work was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) artificial intelligence (AI) solution for automated protocoling of standard abdomen and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams from basic associated order information and patient metadata. This Institutional Review Board exempt retrospective study used de-identified metadata from consecutive adult abdominal and pelvic MRI scans performed at our institution spanning 2.

Putting the prime in priming: Using prime processing behavior to predict target structural processing.

Structural priming effects are widespread and heavily relied upon to assess structural representation and processing. Whether these effects are caused by error-driven implicit learning, residual activation, a combination of these, or some other learning mechanism remains to be established. The current study used preexisting data and a novel data analysis approach that links processing at the prime to later processing at the target to better understand the nature of structural priming.

Critical Review of Ketogenic Diet Throughout the Cancer Continuum for Neuroglioma: Insights from a Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Perspective.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A Ketogenic diet (KD; a diet comprised of 75% fat, 20% protein and 5% carbohydrates) has gained much popularity in recent years, especially regarding neurogliomas (or "gliomas"). This review critically assesses literature on the application of KD throughout the cancer continuum from a Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) perspective. RECENT FINDINGS: 2021 revised classification standards for Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors are available.

The relationship between intraoperative EndoFLIP™ distensibility index and manometry lower esophageal sphincter basal mean pressure in patients undergoing anti-reflux surgery.

Background: Decisions made for anti-reflux surgery can be guided by both EndoFLIP™ measurement of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) distensibility index (DI) and esophageal manometric measurement of lower esophageal function, but the exact nature of their relationship to one another is unknown despite serving similar purposes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between pre-operative LES basal mean pressure with esophageal manometry and intraoperative gastroesophageal DI using EndoFLIP™ following crural dissection to aid in informing surgeons' decision-making during anti-reflux surgery.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who underwent preoperative esophageal manometry evaluation and anti-reflux surgery with EndoFLIP™ intraoperatively between December 2020 and January 2024.

Clinical and prognostic insights into Chlamydia trachomatis in pediatric acute respiratory infections: evidence from targeted next-generation sequencing of 5,021 cases.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in children. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the infection status and clinical manifestations associated with C. trachomatis in these pediatric patients.

Convergent decoupling of individual specialization and niche width during ecological release.

Trophic niche has fundamental ecological importance, but many studies consider few niche metrics and most neglect critical structuring processes. Multiple processes shape trophic niches, including inter and intra-specific competition, predation and resource diversity. These processes interact and effects vary with time and taxa.

Comparing four different methods of measuring fracture toughness and its relationship with fractal dimension in a polycrystalline (3Y-TZP) dental ceramic.

Objectives: Previous studies reported various methods of measuring fracture toughness of dental ceramics. The objectives of this study were to compare different methods and to validate fractal analysis to estimate fracture toughness for a polycrystalline dental ceramic.

Methods: Bar-shaped specimens were prepared from 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline (3Y-TZP) ceramic.