Exosomal Galectin-3 promotes peritoneal metastases in gastric adenocarcinoma via microenvironment alterations.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the most common metastatic site and leads to a short median survival. Exosomes have been shown to remodel the microenvironment, facilitating tumor metastases. However, the functional component in GAC cell-derived exosomes that remodel the landscape in the peritoneal cavity remains unclear.

Zebrafish glial-vascular interactions progressively expand over the course of brain development.

Glial-vascular interactions are critical for the formation and maintenance of brain blood vessels and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mammals, but their role in the zebrafish BBB remains unclear. Using three glial gene promoters-, , and (a truncated )-we explored glial-vascular development in zebrafish. Sparse labeling showed fewer glial-vascular interactions at early stages, with glial coverage and contact area increasing with age.

Mitoregulin self-associates to form likely homo-oligomeric pore-like complexes.

We and others previously found that a misannotated long noncoding RNA encodes for a conserved mitochondrial transmembrane microprotein named Mitoregulin (Mtln). Beyond an established role for Mtln in lipid metabolism, Mtln has been shown to broadly influence mitochondria, boosting respiratory efficiency and Ca retention capacity, while lowering ROS, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Prior studies have identified possible Mtln protein interaction partners; however, a lack of consensus persists, and no claims have been made about Mtln's structure.

The canonical deep neural network as a model for human symmetry processing.

A key property of our environment is the mirror symmetry of many objects, although symmetry is an abstract global property with no definable shape template, making symmetry identification a challenge for standard template-matching algorithms. We therefore ask whether Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained on typical natural environmental images develop a selectivity for symmetry similar to that of the human brain. We tested a DNN trained on such typical natural images with object-free random-dot images of 1, 2, and 4 symmetry axes.

Perceived risk for screen-detectable cancers among american indian adults in the zuni pueblo, USA: Insights and implications for intervention programs.

Background: Perceptions of disease risk play an important role in adopting healthy behaviors. The main objective of this study is to examine factors associated with high perceived cancer risk among Zuni Adults in New Mexico, USA.

Methods: We used data from a survey conducted in Zuni Pueblo from October 2020 to April 2021.

Relationships of eating behaviors with psychopathology, brain maturation and genetic risk for obesity in an adolescent cohort study.

Unhealthy eating, a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, often coexists with emotional and behavioral problems; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Analyzing data from the longitudinal IMAGEN adolescent cohort, we investigated associations between eating behaviors, genetic predispositions for high body mass index (BMI) using polygenic scores (PGSs), and trajectories (ages 14-23 years) of ED-related psychopathology and brain maturation. Clustering analyses at age 23 years ( = 996) identified 3 eating groups: restrictive, emotional/uncontrolled and healthy eaters.

The impact of task-sharing scalable mental health interventions on non-specialist providers: a scoping review.

Task-sharing approaches that train non-specialist providers (NSPs), people without specialized clinical training, are increasingly utilized to address the global mental health treatment gap. This review consolidates findings from peer reviewed articles on the impact of task-sharing mental health interventions on NSPs at the individual, family and community level. Studies that highlighted facilitators, barriers and recommendations for improving the experiences of NSPs were also included in the review.

Corrigendum to "Clothing design solutions for children with developmental disabilities: A scoping review protocol" [MethodsX Volume 13 (2024) 102974].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.

A new airtight sampling method for sulfur hexafluoride (SF) in groundwater.

In the past 20 years, sulfur hexafluoride (SF) has been considered a highly reliable tracer for assessing modern water (< 65 yrs old) in groundwater. However, modern-air contamination may introduce complications in interpreting data obtained using current sampling methods. A new airtight methodology isolates the sample from modern ambient air; thus, returning more reproducible and reliable results when compared to two traditional (air-sensitive and non-airtight) methods.

Perspectives on the use of decellularized/devitalized and lyophilized human perinatal tissues for bone repair: Advantages and remaining challenges.

Human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been extensively used for several decades as a bioactive scaffold for regenerative medicine. In its cryopreserved form-one of the main storage formats-the presence of viable cells has often been questioned. Furthermore, there is little published evidence of the role of endogenous amniotic cells from cryopreserved hAM in tissue repair.

From Lab to Limb: Unraveling Translational Insights and Significance of Animal Models in Lower Extremity Transplantation.

The advancements in medicine throughout the twentieth century have been largely attributed to animal studies. The initial step in researching an animal disease is to establish a model closely resembling the clinical circumstances in humans. Consequently, an excellent animal model is essential for almost any experimental research.

Disparities in Clinical Outcomes Observed Within Electronic Health Record Data From a Statewide Cohort of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients.

Health disparities in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have not been extensively reported in the United States. The aim of this project was to characterize the extent of demographic and socioeconomic disparities in clinical outcomes within a large, diverse PAH patient population. A retrospective, population-based study of electronic health record data from the OneFlorida Data Trust was completed.

Unraveling the Compositional Heterogeneity and Carrier Dynamics of Alkali Cation Doped 3D/2D Perovskites with Improved Stability.

Preventing the degradation of hybrid perovskite by humid air remains a challenge for their future commercial utilization. 3D/2D perovskites with hierarchical architecture have attracted significant attention due to their promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability. Here, we report novel 3D/2D planar bi-layer perovskite obtained by growing 2D Ruddlesden-Popper layer on top of 3D rubidium (Rb)-doped triple-cation perovskite.

Development of a latency model for HIV-1 subtype C and the impact of long terminal repeat element genetic variation on latency reversal.

Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for almost 70 % of people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide, with the greatest numbers centred in South Africa where 98 % of infections are caused by subtype C (HIV-1C). However, HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B), prevalent in Europe and North America, has been the focus of most cure research and testing despite making up only 12 % of HIV-1 infections globally. Development of latency models for non-subtype B viruses is a necessary step to address this disproportionate focus.

Background and design of the Physical Frailty and Symptom Monitoring and Management Behaviors in Heart Failure (PRISM-HF) study: A mixed methods study.

Background: Many adults with heart failure (HF) are physically frail and have worse outcomes. While the biological profile of physical frailty in HF has been examined, the behavioral profile remains unstudied. Physical frailty may impact self-care behaviors, particularly symptom monitoring and management (SMM), which in turn results in adverse outcomes.

Strategies to Minimize Virus Transmission During Anesthesia Procedures in COVID-19 Patients.

Anesthesiologists and the critical care team may be at increased risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) due to airway manipulations and intubations performed during anesthesia administration and management of patient undergoing surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infections have been reported among healthcare workers. The virus is transmitted by close personal contact and aerosols.

Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Administration of General Anesthesia.

Healthcare disparities continue to affect communities in the United States that are racially and ethnically diverse, disabled, and economically disadvantaged, even though medical and technological advancements have made great strides in these areas. Disparities in health outcomes and difficulties obtaining care for both acute and chronic illnesses are more common among these populations when compared to the overall population. Disparities in anesthesia care delivery have been documented in multiple studies, and they are based on factors such as patients' racial/ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, ability to communicate in English, and accessibility to health insurance.

Endometriosis-associated primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report and literature review.

Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Few reports in the literature describe this presentation, as associated with malignant transformation of endometriosis. This case highlights the complex etiology of this variant of CCA, initially diagnosed using comprehensive imaging and genetic analysis, and subsequently confirmed through extensive surgical intervention and chemotherapy.

Reversal of inflammatory reprogramming by vasodilator agents in pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease without effective non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic testing. It remains unclear whether vasodilators reverse inflammatory activation, a part of PAH pathogenesis. Single-cell profiling of inflammatory cells in blood could clarify these PAH mechanisms.

Therapeutic doses of efzofitimod demonstrate efficacy in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Background: In a phase 1b/2a clinical trial of efzofitimod in patients with corticosteroid-requiring pulmonary sarcoidosis, treatment resulted in dose-dependent improvement in key end-points. We undertook a analysis pooling dose arms that achieved therapeutic concentrations of efzofitimod (Therapeutic group) those that did not (Subtherapeutic group).

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with tuberculin-coated beads were exposed to varying concentrations of efzofitimod in an assay to determine concentrations that inhibited granuloma formation.

The impact of highly effective modulator therapy on sinusitis and dysosmia in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective study protocol.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) are prevalent disease complications in people with cystic fibrosis. These understudied comorbidities significantly impact quality of life. The impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in young children with cystic fibrosis (YCwCF) on these disease complications is unknown.

Inhaled alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) restores lower respiratory tract protease-antiprotease homoeostasis and reduces inflammation in AAT-deficient individuals: a randomised phase 2 study.

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)-deficient individuals have a greater risk for developing COPD than individuals with normal AAT levels.

Methods: This was a double-blind, randomised, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial to examine the safety and tolerability of "Kamada-AAT for Inhalation" (inhaled AAT) in subjects with AAT deficiency, and to explore its effect on AAT and biomarkers in the lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF). 36 patients with severe AAT deficiency were randomised 2:1 to receive 80 mg or 160 mg inhaled AAT or placebo once daily for 12 weeks.

Conventional and regionally distinctive risk factors for first-onset myocardial infarction: the Bangladesh Risk of Acute Vascular Events (BRAVE) case-control study.

Background: South Asians may be particularly susceptible to premature myocardial infarction (MI) owing both to conventional cardiovascular risk factors and practices distinctive to South Asia. Identifying modifiable risk factors for MI in these populations could inform prevention strategies. We have, therefore, studied conventional risk factors and other characteristics in relation to occurrence of first MI in Bangladesh.

Customizable large-scale HPLC fraction collection using low-cost 3D printing.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an invaluable technique that has been used for many decades for the separation of various molecules. The reproducible collection of eluates from these systems has been significantly improved via its automation by fraction collection systems. Current commercially available fraction collectors are not easily customizable, incompatible with other platforms, and come with a large cost barrier making them inaccessible to many researchers.

Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: Treatment and Interventions.

Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is a condition affecting newborns and involves damage to the nerve fibers compromising the brachial plexus during birth. Although most newborns recover spontaneously, a large subset require surgery to regain function, and others will have permanent disability despite intervention. Deciding when to pursue surgical intervention remains a challenge for clinicians treating BPBI.