In vitro comparative analysis of metabolic capabilities and inhibitory profiles of selected CYP2D6 alleles on tramadol metabolism.

Tramadol, the 41st most prescribed drug in the United States in 2021 is a prodrug activated by CYP2D6, which is highly polymorphic. Previous studies showed enzyme-inhibitor affinity varied between different CYP2D6 allelic variants with dextromethorphan and atomoxetine metabolism. However, no study has compared tramadol metabolism in different CYP2D6 alleles with different CYP2D6 inhibitors.

Predicting Multijoint Maximal Eccentric and Concentric Strength With Force-Velocity Jump Mechanics in Collegiate Athletes.

Purpose: Maximal muscle strength is often assessed with single-joint or repetition-maximum testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of countermovement-jump (CMJ) velocity-load testing and assess the relationship between CMJ velocity-load kinetics and concentric-isometric-eccentric multijoint leg-extension strength tested on a robotic servomotor leg press in trained athletes.

Methods: University athletes (N = 203; 52% female) completed 3 concentric, isometric, and eccentric maximum voluntary leg-extension contractions on the robotic leg press, followed by CMJ velocity-load testing with an additional external load of 0% (CMJBW), 30% (CMJ30), and 60% (CMJ60) of body mass.

Appetite-Control and Eating-Behavior Traits Might Not Be Impacted by a Single Weight-Cycling Episode in Weight-Cycling Athletes: Results of the Wave Study.

Purpose: The impact of weight cycling (WC)-successive weight loss (WL) and weight regain (WG)-on athlete performance is well documented, but effects on appetite are not. This study assessed the impact of a WC episode on dietary and appetitive profiles in athletes, considering sex and sport type.

Methods: Athletes (28 male, 20 female) from combat (n = 23), strength (n = 12), and endurance (n = 13) sports participated in 3 conditions during a WC episode (baseline, WL, WG).

Enhancing brain tumor surgery precision with multimodal connectome imaging: Structural and functional connectivity in language-dominant areas.

Objectives: Language is a critical aspect of human cognition and function, and its preservation is a priority for neurosurgical interventions in the left frontal operculum. However, identification of language areas can be inconsistent, even with electrical mapping. The use of multimodal structural and functional neuroimaging in conjunction with intraoperative neuromonitoring may augment cortical language area identification to guide the resection of left frontal opercular lesions.

Global transcriptome profiling of ST09 treated breast cancer cells identifies miR-197-5p/GPX3 antioxidant axis as a regulator of tumorigenesis.

ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) has a dual role in tumorigenesis. Some cancers have high ROS conditions, and others have low ROS. TNBC thrives on high ROS compared to other Breast Cancer subtypes.

TractGraphFormer: Anatomically informed hybrid graph CNN-transformer network for interpretable sex and age prediction from diffusion MRI tractography.

The relationship between brain connections and non-imaging phenotypes is increasingly studied using deep neural networks. However, the local and global properties of the brain's white matter networks are often overlooked in convolutional network design. We introduce TractGraphFormer, a hybrid Graph CNN-Transformer deep learning framework tailored for diffusion MRI tractography.

Narrow elliptical motion at the outer hair cell-Deiters' cell junction explains disparate features of uniaxial displacement measurements.

Sound-evoked displacement responses at the outer hair cell-Deiters' cell junction (OHC-DC) are of significant interest in cochlear mechanics, as OHCs are believed to be in part responsible for active tuning enhancement and amplification. Motion in the cochlea is three-dimensional, and the architecture of the organ of Corti complex (OCC) suggests the presence and mechanical importance of all three components of motion. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) displacement measurements of OHC-DC motion from different experimental preparations often show disparate results, potentially due to OCT measuring only the motion component along the beam axis.

Evaluating lower limits of body fat percentage in athletes using DXA.

Body fat percentage (BF%) is routinely measured in athletes to monitor training and dietary interventions. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely considered the gold standard body composition measurement technique, but DXA BF% values measure consistently higher than other techniques. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to determine the lowest DXA-estimated whole-body fat mass in free-living athletes with unrestricted access to food.

A high-throughput, microplate reader-based method to monitor in vitro HIV latency reversal in the absence of flow cytometry.

J-Lat cells are derivatives of the Jurkat CD4 T cell line that contain a non-infectious, inducible HIV provirus with a GFP tag. While these cells have substantially advanced our understanding of HIV latency, their use by many laboratories in low and middle-income countries is restricted by limited access to flow cytometry. To overcome this barrier, we describe a modified J-Lat assay using a standard microplate reader that detects HIV-GFP expression following treatment with latency-reversing agents (LRAs).

Impact of climate change and land management on nitrate pollution in the high plains aquifer.

High concentrations of nitrate in groundwater pose risks to human and environmental health. This study evaluates the potential impact of climate change, land use, and fertilizer application rates on groundwater nitrate levels in the High Plains Aquifer under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. A random forest model, with predictors such as fertilizer application rates, cropland coverage, and climate variables from six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models, is used to project future nitrate concentrations.

Osseointegration for transfemoral amputees: Influence of femur length and implant sizing on bone-implant contact and alignment.

Introduction: Clinical data on osseointegration (OI) for limb replacement indicates a concerning increase in mechanical complications after five years post-implantation. Since adequate bone-implant contact and proper implant alignment are critical factors for successful osseointegration, it is essential to identify the factors influencing these outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effects of residual femur length and implant sizing on bone-implant contact and implant alignment.

Validation of UniverSeg for Interventional Abdominal Angiographic Segmentation.

Automatic segmentation of angiographic structures can aid in assessing vascular disease. While recent deep learning models promise automation, they lack validation on interventional angiographic data. This study investigates the feasibility of angiographic segmentation using in-context learning with the UniverSeg model, which is a cross-learning segmentation model that lacks inherent angiographic training.

Green synthesis of silica-coated gold nanoparticles employing femtosecond laser, solid targets, and water.

Gold nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. However, traditional synthesis methods generate contaminants that cause cytotoxicity and compromise the biocompatibility of the nanomaterials. Therefore, green synthesis methods are essential to produce pure and biocompatible nanoparticles, ensuring their effectiveness in biomedical applications.

The influence of lightning on insect and fungal dynamics in a lowland tropical forest.

Lightning strikes are a common source of disturbance in tropical forests, and a typical strike generates large quantities of dead wood. Lightning-damaged trees are a consistent resource for tropical saproxylic (i.e.

Sustaining the planet by sustaining ourselves.

The author transitions his career in oncology to one in planetary health. The career pivot begins after he recognizes similarities between the pandemic and the climate crisis. The author determines that stepping away from his role as chair of radiology for a one-year sabbatical is the most efficient way to learn about sustainability.

NAD World 3.0: the importance of the NMN transporter and eNAMPT in mammalian aging and longevity control.

Over the past five years, systemic NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) decline has been accepted to be a key driving force of aging in the field of aging research. The original version of the NAD World concept was proposed in 2009, providing an integrated view of the NAD-centric, systemic regulatory network for mammalian aging and longevity control. The reformulated version of the concept, the NAD World 2.

The influence of exposure to early-life adversity on agency-modulated reinforcement learning.

Agency beliefs influence how humans learn from different contexts and outcomes. Research demonstrates that stressors, such as exposure to early-life adversity (ELA), are associated with both agency beliefs and learning, but how these processes interact remains unclear. The current study investigated whether exposure to ELA influences agency and interacts with reinforcement learning in adults.

Stimulant-involved overdose deaths: Constructing dynamic hypotheses.

The overdose epidemic in the United States is evolving, with a rise in stimulant (cocaine and/or methamphetamine)-only and opioid and stimulant-involved overdose deaths for reasons that remain unclear. We conducted interviews and group model building workshops in Massachusetts and South Dakota. Building on these data and extant research, we identified six dynamic hypotheses, explaining changes in stimulant-involved overdose trends, visualized using causal loop diagrams.

Muscle contributions to propelling the body upward differ between skipping and running.

Skipping represents a training alternative to running due to its lower knee contact forces and higher whole-body metabolic cost. The increased metabolic cost of skipping is associated with a higher vertical center-of-mass (COM) displacement during the support and flight phases of the skipping hop compared to running. However, skipping has lower muscle force impulses than running.

Effects of endometrial embryokines on the preimplantation bovine embryo to create a gene expression signature consistent with a high competence phenotype†.

Optimal embryonic development depends upon cell-signaling molecules released by the maternal reproductive tract called embryokines. Identity of specific embryokines that enhance competence of the embryo for sustained survival is largely lacking. The current objective was to evaluate effects of three putative embryokines in cattle on embryonic development to the blastocyst stage.

Ultralight wheelchair part failures are associated with sensor-monitored road shocks: A pilot study.

Wheelchair part failures and repairs have significantly increased over the last decade, leading to severe consequences for wheelchair users. Servicing these devices by wheelchair repair technicians has reduced part failures. However, no tools or technologies have been developed to support servicing in practice.

Depletion by Hemodialysis of the Antioxidant Ergothioneine.

Background: Hemodialysis may excessively remove valuable solutes. Untargeted metabolomics data from a prior study suggested that ergothioneine was depleted in the plasma of hemodialysis subjects. Ergothioneine is a dietary-derived solute with antioxidant properties.