Comparison of clinical symptoms and symptom structure across different onset ages in schizophrenia inpatients.

Objective: This study aimed to explore differences in clinical symptom profiles and symptom network structures of inpatients with schizophrenia among early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), typical-onset schizophrenia (TOS), and late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) patients.

Methods: Symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in 654 EOS, 1664 TOS, and 369 LOS inpatients with schizophrenia from an open dataset. Symptom severity comparisons were conducted among the three age of onset groups.

The depletion of TFAM and p-β-catenin(S552) in mitochondria in response to BoAHV-1 productive infection leads to decreased mitochondrial biogenesis.

Varicellovirus bovinealpha (BoAHV) types 1(BoAHV-1) is one of the most significant viruses affecting cattle, causing substantial economic losses in the global cattle industry. Virus productive infection in cell cultures leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act as inflammatory mediators and exert cytotoxic effects. But the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Current understanding of insulin dysregulation and its relationship with carbohydrate and protein metabolism in horses.

Insulin dysregulation (ID) is a common metabolic disorder in horses, characterized by hyperinsulinemia and/or peripheral insulin resistance. The critical role of hyperinsulinemia in endocrinopathic laminitis has driven research into the insulinotropic effects of dietary nutrients and the reciprocal impact of ID on nutrient metabolism. The relationship between ID and carbohydrate metabolism has been extensively studied; however, the effects of ID on protein metabolism in horses remain largely unexplored.

Detecting the footprint of selection on the genome of Girgentana goat, a popular ancient breed.

Girgentana goats are an ancient breed with distinctive morphological, adaptive, and production traits, making this population an interesting model for studying the genetic architecture underlying these traits. These special features result from natural and human-mediated selection. In this study, we aimed to detect potential signatures of selection in the Girgentana genome by combining the following statistical methods: the integrated haplotype score (iHS), the standardised log-ratio of the integrated site-specific extended haplotype homozygosity test between pairs of populations (Rsb), the runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands and the population differentiation index (F).

SpinFlowSim: A blood flow simulation framework for histology-informed diffusion MRI microvasculature mapping in cancer.

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) sensitises the MRI signal to spin motion. This includes Brownian diffusion, but also flow across intricate networks of capillaries. This effect, the intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM), enables microvasculature characterisation with dMRI, through metrics such as the vascular signal fraction f or the vascular Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) D.

AI-based association analysis for medical imaging using latent-space geometric confounder correction.

This study addresses the challenges of confounding effects and interpretability in artificial-intelligence-based medical image analysis. Whereas existing literature often resolves confounding by removing confounder-related information from latent representations, this strategy risks affecting image reconstruction quality in generative models, thus limiting their applicability in feature visualization. To tackle this, we propose a different strategy that retains confounder-related information in latent representations while finding an alternative confounder-free representation of the image data.

Application of novel continuous foam collection methods for removal of PFAS from cascade generated foam at wastewater treatment plants.

Three foam collection methods - passive overflow, mesh skimmer, and mesh-belt skimmer - were iteratively designed and evaluated for continuous collection of foam forming at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) cascade for removal of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Surface tension, PFAS concentrations, and foamate collection rates were measured to assess their performance. Foam collection using a novel mesh skimmer and mesh-belt skimmer increased PFAS enrichment over that of the in situ foam, as the mesh facilitated drainage of PFAS-depleted liquid during collection.

Non-covalent interaction of rice protein and polyphenols: The effects on their emulsions.

In this study, we investigated the non-covalent interaction mechanism between rice protein (RP) and three polyphenols with different concentrations (ferulic acid FA, gallic acid GA, and tannic acid TA) and their effects on the structure and emulsion stability of the proteins. Hydrophobic forces dominated the binding of RP to the polyphenols, and the reaction was heat-absorbing. The three polyphenols are bound to RP in the form of static quenching to form a non-covalent complex, and during the binding process, the RP provides one binding site.

Evolution of intimate partner violence impacts from cash transfers, food transfers, and behaviour change communication: Mixed-method experimental evidence from a nine-year post-programme follow-up in Bangladesh.

Cash or food transfers can reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), but knowledge gaps remain on how impacts evolve over time, and the role of complementary 'plus' activities and contextual factors. We conducted a mixed-method analysis of how the Transfer Modality Research Initiative in Bangladesh affected IPV over time. The programme was implemented from 2012 to 2014, following a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design, across Northern and Southern Bangladesh.

Changes in marital and health status as risk factors for a subsequent negative wealth shock: A population-based longitudinal study in the United States, 1995-2020.

Objectives: A negative wealth shock, defined as a loss of ≥75% in equivalized household total wealth over a short period, may cause adverse health outcomes for older adults. The individual-level risk factors for experiencing a negative wealth shock in later adulthood are unclear.

Methods: Data were from 25,072 adults aged ≥55 in the longitudinal, population-based US Health and Retirement Study from 1995 to 2020 (n = 123,651 observations across all study respondents).

Midlife financial stress and cognitive and physical impairments in older age: The role of potentially modifying factors.

Background: Financial stress is an important source of chronic stress and has been associated with cognitive and physical impairments. The goal of this study was to investigate whether financial stress is associated with cognitive and physical impairment and their combination, the role of potential modifiable factors and potential sex differences.

Methods: The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia population-based cohort study from Finland was used (n = 1497) (baseline data collected 1972-1987, mean age 50 years).

Trait fatigue impacts Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performance in multiple sclerosis: The role of working memory.

Background: Cognitive impairment and fatigue are two prevalent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Fatigue is often thought to be associated with slower processing speed. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is a widely used assessment of processing speed in MS, but it has also been shown to tap into working memory as well.

Enhancing sickle cell leg ulcer healing with combined photodynamic and photobiomodulation therapies: A pilot experience.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) in treating sickle cell leg ulcers (SCLUs), with a focus on pain reduction and enhanced healing.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, open-label, uncontrolled pilot study, ten SCD patients with 17 chronic leg ulcers received PDT and PBM treatments. Ulcer severity, pain levels, and microbiome changes were monitored, and clinical data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

Efficacy of digital therapeutic applications for cognitive training among older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Various digital therapeutics (DTx), which utilize computerized cognitive training (CCT) to improve cognitive functioning, have been tested and released. However, the efficacy of these DTx approaches may be diverse. This study aims to meta-synthesize the associations between mobile applications and cognitive functioning outcomes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

A novel reassorted swine H3N2 influenza virus demonstrates an undetected human-to-swine spillover in Latin America and highlights zoonotic risks.

Influenza A virus (FLUAV) affects a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals, posing a threat to public health. In swine, H3N2 subtype is associated with human-to-swine spillovers of seasonal viruses. In Latin America, the molecular and antigenic characteristics of swine FLUAV H3N2, as well as its phylogenetic origin, are poorly understood.

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 helicase modulates miR-146a-mediated signaling pathways.

Despite the successful development of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, its tendency to mutate rapidly has emphasized the need for continued research to better understand this virus's mechanism of pathogenesis and interactions with host signaling pathways. In this study, we sought to explore how the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (Nsp13) helicase, a highly conserved coronavirus protein that is essential for viral replication, influences host biological and cellular processes. Global transcriptomic analyses of Nsp13-transfected A549 cells identified changes in pathways involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing and translational repression by RNA, such as microRNAs (miRNAs).

Assessing the value of environmental DNA into conservation planning: A case study of freshwater bivalves in France.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is emerging as a valuable tool for generating standardised biodiversity data. Whether used alone or alongside conventional surveys, it is expected that eDNA data can improve conservation planning, but this remains largely untested. Here, we assessed the value of eDNA data for making more robust conservation prioritisation decisions, by comparing errors made when identifying priority areas based on conventional data, eDNA or a combination of both.

Disgust sensitivity in the first trimester predicts anxiety levels in advanced pregnancy.

Problem: Disgust contributes to anxiety-based psychopathology, and in turn, anxiety increases disgust proneness.

Background: Disgust and anxiety undergo significant changes in pregnancy, but no previous study has examined their longitudinal associations in this time period.

Aim: This prospective longitudinal study aimed to identify longitudinal associations between disgust sensitivity and state anxiety across the three trimesters of pregnancy, while exploring the directionality of the effect between those two variables.

Mammalian TMC1 or 2 are necessary for scramblase activity in auditory hair cells.

Sensory transduction in auditory hair cells gates mechanosensitive ion channels, converting sound information into electrical signals (Zheng and Holt, 2021). Previously, we found that Transmembrane channel (TMC) proteins 1 and 2 form the pore of hair cell transduction channels (Pan et al., 2013; 2018).

Knowledge of and Attitudes Towards End-of-Life Doulas Among Gynecologic Oncologists.

ObjectiveEnd-of-life doulas (EOLDs) offer non-medical support to patients and families, yet little is known regarding how knowledgeable and receptive gynecologic oncologists are to EOLDs.MethodsMembers of the New England Association of Gynecologic Oncologists (NEAGO) were surveyed regarding demographics and familiarity with and attitudes towards EOLDs. Descriptive statistics described demographics.

South Asian Immigration to the US: From Collective Farms to High-Tech Cities Through H-1B Visas.

With origins in the conscripted labor system of nineteenth century European colonies, the South Asian diaspora began in the early twentieth. Migrants faced racial hostility, their foreignness identifiable by skin color, physiognomy, languages unintelligible to Anglophone ears, and customs and religions that confirmed them as heathens in a Christian country. More threatening was their capacity for hard work at substandard wages.

Factors associated with placement along the HIV prevention and care continuum among sexual minority men who use methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine use among sexual minority men (SMM) has been associated with poor ART adherence, and reduced initiation and adherence to PrEP. From May 2021 to May 2023, 226 SMM were enrolled in , a culturally responsive smartphone application to reduce methamphetamine use and improve sexual health. Using a status-neutral approach, an ordinal variable reflected participants' placement on the HIV Prevention/Care Continuum, from HIV-positive, not taking ART, to HIV-negative, currently taking PrEP.

Type A Aortic Dissection Following Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation: Population-Level Outcomes in the United States.

Background: This study aims to analyze the patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and contemporary trends concerning type A aortic dissection (TAAD) in previous recipients of abdominal solid organ transplantation (ASOT) in the United States.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was queried to identify all patients aged ≥18 with TAAD and a history of ASOT (TAAD-ASOT) between 2002 and 2015Q3 using ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared between TAAD-ASOT patients and TAAD patients without a history of ASOT (TAAD-non-ASOT).

A New Method Using the Four-Chamber View to Identify Fetuses With Subsequently Confirmed Postnatal Aortic Coarctation.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive rate among fetuses suspected prenatally to have coarctation of the aorta (CoA) using size and shape measurements of the fetal heart from the four-chamber view (4CV).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 108 fetuses identified by pediatric cardiologists to be at risk for CoA. 4CV s from the last antenatal ultrasound performed by the cardiologists were analyzed.