Can Islet Transplantation Possibly Reduce Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes.

Islet transplantation (IT) is a successful natural cell therapy. But the benefits are known mostly to individuals with severe type 1 diabetes who undergo IT and the health care professionals that work to make the therapy available, reproducible, and safe. Data linking IT to overall survival in T1D might alter this situation and frame the therapy in a more positive light.

Evaluation of Real-Time Cardiovascular Flow MRI Using Compressed Sensing in a Phantom and in Patients With Valvular Disease or Arrhythmia.

Background: Real-time (RT) phase contrast (PC) flow MRI can potentially be used to measure blood flow in arrhythmic patients. Undersampled RT PC has been combined with online compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction (CS RT) enabling clinical use. However, CS RT flow has not been validated in a clinical setting.

Seizure prediction and forecasting: a scoping review.

Purpose Of Review: This scoping review summarizes key developments in the field of seizure forecasting.

Recent Findings: Developments have been made along several modalities of seizure forecasting, including long term intracranial and subcutaneous encephalogram, wearable physiologic monitoring, and seizure diaries. However, clinical translation of these tools is limited by various factors.

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and severe diffuse tracheobronchomalacia in an infant: the value of modified Lecompte manoeuver and reduction pulmonary arterioplasty.

An 8-week-old, 3.4-kg infant, who was diagnosed prenatally with tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve syndrome, was intubated after birth and failed extubation due to severe tracheobronchomalacia. He was deemed inoperable prior to being transferred to our institution.

Whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA reveals DNA of tumor origin in plasma from patients with colorectal adenomas.

The presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with colorectal adenomas remains uncertain. Studies using tumor-agnostic approaches report ctDNA in 10-15% of patients, though with uncertainty as to whether the signal originates from the adenoma. To obtain an accurate estimate of the proportion of patients with ctDNA, a sensitive tumor-informed strategy is preferred, as it ensures the detected signal originates from the adenoma.

Foundations and Future Directions for Causal Inference in Ecological Research.

Ecology often seeks to answer causal questions, and while ecologists have a rich history of experimental approaches, novel observational data streams and the need to apply insights across naturally occurring conditions pose opportunities and challenges. Other fields have developed causal inference approaches that can enhance and expand our ability to answer ecological causal questions using observational or experimental data. However, the lack of comprehensive resources applying causal inference to ecological settings and jargon from multiple disciplines creates barriers.

Intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Cystic fibrosis is a multisystem disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria. Intravenous (IV) antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of acute deteriorations in symptoms (pulmonary exacerbations); however, recently the assumption that exacerbations are due to increases in bacterial burden has been questioned. This is an update of a previously published review.

Pallidal Spike-Train Variability and Randomness Are the Most Important Signatures to Classify Parkinson's Disease and Cervical Dystonia.

Movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and cervical dystonia (CD) are associated with abnormal neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus (GPi). Reduced firing rate and presence of spiking bursts are typical for CD, whereas PD is characterized by high frequency tonic activity. This research aims to identify the most important pallidal spiking parameters to classify these conditions.

Addressing cardiovascular health risk factors in American Indian/Alaska Native Children: A narrative review.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults and represents the leading cause of mortality. Risk factors for CVD in AI/AN adults are well-described, and a growing body of evidence reports the inequitable prevalence of factors associated with the development of CVD in AI/AN children, including obesity, physical inactivity, and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objective: This article organizes and summarizes the evidence describing CVD risk factors in AI/AN children, discusses the social drivers of health impacting these risks, and highlights several programs that have demonstrated effectiveness in improving AI/AN child health.

"She tells me the HIV is eating my brains": barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral therapy adherence among Eswatini adolescents living with HIV.

Despite the successful rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and positive ART outcomes in the Kingdom of Eswatini, adolescents still present poor ART outcomes including low viral load suppression and suboptimal ART adherence. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) on the barriers and facilitators to ART adherence in Eswatini. We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews among 29 ALHIV and on ART in Eswatini in December 2023.

Long-term outcomes of second-generation drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and multivariable adjusted data.

Long-term data are limited comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with second-generation drug-eluting stents (S-DES) vs coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing these interventions in patients with left main or multivessel CAD. We systematically reviewed PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for studies that compared PCI with S-DES and CABG in patients with left main or multivessel CAD with a minimum mean follow-up period of 3 years.

In vivo simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift thermometry and single reference variable flip angle T measurements.

Purpose: The single reference variable flip angle sequence with a multi-echo stack of stars acquisition (SR-VFA-SoS) simultaneously measures temperature change using proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift and T-based thermometry methods. This work evaluates SR-VFA-SoS thermometry in MR-guided focused ultrasound in an in vivo rabbit model.

Methods: Simultaneous PRF shift thermometry and T-based thermometry were obtained in a New Zealand white rabbit model (n = 7) during MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery using the SR-VFA-SoS sequence at 3 T.

Composite spin probes with adjustable oxygen sensitivity for pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Solid crystalline spin probes, such as lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) and lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc-BuO), allow repeated oxygen measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Due to their short relaxation times, their use for pulse EPR oxygen imaging is limited. In this study, we developed and tested a new class of solid composite spin probes that modified the relaxation rates R and R of LiPc or LiNc-BuO probes, which allowed pO measurements in the full dynamic (0-760 torr) range.

Performance-based and patient-reported outcome measures for custom ankle-foot orthosis users: reliability, validity, and sensitivity evidence.

Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of performance and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for custom ankle-foot orthosis (AFOs) users.

Materials And Methods: Current AFO users completed two assessments one week apart; new AFO users completed an assessment before device delivery and at one- and two-months post-delivery.

Results: Seventy current and 31 new users consented and provided data.

Characterization of post-ictal clinical signs in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy: A questionnaire-based study.

Background: Post-ictal (PI) clinical signs are a key defining stage of seizure manifestation in dogs. However, this phase remains poorly understood.

Objectives: To further characterize PI signs and their relation to other parts of a seizure, and understand the owner's perception of how PI signs affect the quality of life (QOL) of the dog.

Thermal Analysis of Electromagnetic Induction Heating for Cylinder-Shaped Objects.

Induction heating is one of the cleanest and most efficient methods for heating materials, utilizing electromagnetic fields induced through AC electric current. This article reports an analytical solution for transient heat transfer in a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical object under induction heating. A simplified form of Maxwell's equations is solved to determine the heat generation inside the cylinder by calculating the current density distribution within the body.

Assessment of shock index in healthy cats and in cats presenting to an emergency room with shock.

Objective: To prospectively compare the shock index (SI) in a population of healthy cats with a population of cats presenting to the emergency room (ER) deemed to be in a state of shock.

Design: Prospective cohort study of cats.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Volume kinetic analysis of 2 crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats.

Objective: To investigate the volume kinetic between 2 crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats.

Design: Prospective, randomized, dose-response study.

Setting: University laboratory.

Relationship Between Structural and Functional Network Connectivity Changes for Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Health Symptoms.

Combination of structural and functional brain connectivity methods provides a more complete and effective avenue into the investigation of cortical network responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subtle alterations in brain connectivity associated with TBI. Structural connectivity (SC) can be measured using diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate white matter integrity, whereas functional connectivity (FC) can be studied by examining functional correlations within or between functional networks. In this study, the alterations of SC and FC were assessed for TBI patients, with and without chronic symptoms (TBIcs/TBIncs), compared with a healthy control group (CG).

Enabling icIEF Peak Identification of AAV Capsid Proteins by Fractionation on MauriceFlex and Subsequent Analysis by LC-MS.

A significant limitation of imaged capillary electric focusing (icIEF) is the inability to identify and characterize specific species in the electropherogram. This has led to the development of complementary ion-exchange chromatography (IEX)-based methods that are amenable to either fraction collection and subsequent characterization or online IEX coupled to mass spectrometry. To overcome this limitation while maintaining the use of icIEF, novel approaches, including an icIEF separation and fractionation technology (MauriceFlex, ProteinSimple), have been developed.

The proton resonance enhancement for CEST imaging and shift exchange (PRECISE) family of RF pulse shapes for CEST MRI.

Purpose: To optimize a 100 ms pulse for producing CEST MRI contrast and evaluate in mice.

Methods: A gradient ascent algorithm was employed to generate a family of 100 point, 100 ms pulses for use in CEST pulse trains (proton resonance enhancement for CEST imaging and shift exchange). Gradient ascent optimizations were performed for exchange rates = 500, 1500, 2500, 3500, and 4500 s; and labile proton offsets (Δω) = 9.

An exploratory study on the effect of rescuer team size on basic and advanced life support technical skills in a high-fidelity simulation of canine cardiopulmonary arrest.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of rescuer team size on objective skill measures of basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) using high-fidelity canine CPR simulation.

Design: Prospective, experimental study.

Setting: Veterinary clinical simulation center.

Retrospective evaluation of acid-base analysis in dogs and cats with diabetic ketosis (2017-2021): 96 cases.

Objective: To describe the acid-base balance of diabetic animals with ketosis and to identify underlying mechanisms of acid-base changes using semiquantitative analysis.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Patient physical violence toward healthcare workers at a US children's hospital.

An improved understanding of patient-related violent events toward healthcare workers (HCWs) is a critical step in mitigating patient violence in the pediatric medical hospital setting. Therefore, we sought to describe the timing/setting, potential antecedents to, and management of pediatric patient-related violence toward HCW. Using our electronic health record (EHR), we performed a retrospective study of patient-related physical violent events from 2017 to 2022 among youth hospitalized at our free-standing children's hospital.