Injectable thermosensitive antibiotic-laden chitosan hydrogel for regenerative endodontics.

Injectable biomaterials, such as thermosensitive chitosan (CH)-based hydrogels, present a highly translational potential in dentistry due to their minimally invasive application, adaptability to irregular defects/shapes, and ability to carry therapeutic drugs. This work explores the incorporation of azithromycin (AZI) into thermosensitive CH hydrogels for use as an intracanal medication in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). The morphological and chemical characteristics of the hydrogel were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Ethnic and racial differences in children and young people with respiratory and neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: an electronic health record-based cohort study from the RECOVER Initiative.

Background: Children from racial and ethnic minority groups are at greater risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether they have increased risk for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Our objectives were to assess whether the risk of respiratory and neurologic PASC differs by race/ethnicity and social drivers of health.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals <21 years seeking care at 24 health systems across the U.

Rate and Timing of Progression to Total Knee Arthroplasty After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients With Systemic Inflammatory Disease: A Long-term Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures and one of the most well studied. Despite extensive research dedicated to ACLR, there is limited understanding of how chronic inflammatory systemic diseases (CIDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus affect outcomes.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of ACLR in cohorts of patients with and without CID.

Effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in patients with colorectal cancer: an overview of systematic reviews.

Objective: To evaluate existing evidence from published systematic reviews for the effectiveness and safety of rehabilitation interventions in adult patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using medical/health science databases up to October 2024. Bibliographies of pertinent articles, journals, and grey literature were searched.

Trochlear Morphological Changes in Skeletally Immature Patients Across Consecutive MRI Studies.

Background: Trochlear dysplasia is a consistent risk factor for recurrent patellofemoral instability (PFI), but there is limited understanding of how the trochlea develops during growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed in skeletally immature patients with and without PFI to characterize changes in trochlear anatomy over time.

Hypothesis: PFI leads to progressive worsening of trochlear dysplasia over time.

Ben Weinstein, MD (1913-1974) and his enduring impact on the history of medicine experience in medical school.

The history of medicine as a component of the medical school curriculum has been a long-standing subject of debate and controversy. Ultimately, local factors may determine this experience and be aligned with or outside of the curriculum. The opportunity at Tulane University School of Medicine is long-standing and successful.

Bridging the continuity: Practice-enhancing publications about the ambulatory care medication-use process in 2023.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Feasibility of self-investment in a medically tailored meals program by a large health enterprise: Cleveland Clinic experience.

Medically tailored meals (MTMs) are personalized meals designed to meet the therapeutic needs of patients with chronic diseases. Most MTM programs rely on philanthropic support, and the optimal parameters for these programs are not well-defined. To assess the feasibility of an MTM program developed by a major healthcare institution using internal investments and an online platform for meal ordering.

Eating to live well-Or worse? The role of vegan and vegetarian diets in mental health.

Background: Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of psychological conditions, such as depression, anxiety, disordered eating, and body image disturbances. In concert with this trend, there was a substantial rise in the advocacy and practice of restrictive dietary patterns, such as veganism and vegetarianism. These parallel developments suggest a relation between diet and mental health, but to date, research has failed to offer clear answers on whether these associations are causal, coincidental, or more complex than superficial analyses suggest.

Behavioural interventions targeting the prevention and treatment of young children's mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: Globally, 10% of children and adolescents live with mental health problems and often lack high-quality care. Over 80% of people facing mental health issues reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Failing to address children's mental health may prolong these challenges into adulthood, impeding their chances for a healthy life.

The Trend in Age-Adjusted Incidence of Head and Neck Cancer in South Korea over the Past 20 Years.

Objectives: We aimed to calculate the age-adjusted incidence rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in South Korea from 1999 to 2020 and investigate the incidence trend of HNC excluding the effect of population aging.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Cancer Registration Statistics Program. All 12 types of HNCs were analyzed.

Effect of telemental health adoption on mental health services utilization in federally qualified health centers.

Introduction: Mental health issues disproportionately affect rural and low-income populations, where access to prevention and treatment is limited. Implementing telemental health services (TMHS) in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) could improve accessibility to mental healthcare. This study assessed the effect of TMHS on mental health services utilization in FQHCs, comparing centers with and without TMHS and examined differences in TMHS effect between FQHCs that adopted TMHS before and during the pandemic.

Pandemic preparedness in Vietnam: a review of health system resilience and areas for improvement.

In this viewpoint, we explore Vietnam's health system vulnerabilities and its national response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as critical areas of health system resilience, including health financing, workforce distribution, information systems, and governance. While Vietnam achieved early success through strong governance and mass vaccination campaigns, the pandemic revealed weaknesses in resource procurement, workforce imbalance, and limitations of its health information system. There are challenges in ensuring the rapid disbursement of financial resources and reliance on imported medical supplies, which delayed response times.

Age- and sex-specific care cascades to detect gaps in the care of children with tuberculosis in Bangladesh: a cohort study.

Background: Programmatic interventions to increase the detection of children with tuberculosis (TB) are rarely evaluated to understand age- and sex-specific completion rates. We applied modified TB screening and treatment cascade frameworks to assess indicators of effective implementation by age and sex of a TB screening program for children (zero to 14 years) in Bangladesh.

Methods: We implemented an intensified screening program for paediatric TB detection in 119 health care facilities (2018-21).

Rapid-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Difference Spectroscopy with Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis to Show the Build-Up of Light-Adapted States in Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers.

Time-resolved, rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) difference spectra have been recorded upon illumination on photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) from under fixed hydration conditions (relative humidity = 76%). Two different illumination schemes were adopted. Whereas the use of a laser flash (duration: 7 ns) made it possible to follow the kinetics of recombination of the light-induced state PQ to the neutral state PQ, the use of a 20.

Draft genome sequence of the glasshouse-potato aphid Aulacorthum solani.

Aulacorthum solani is a worldwide agricultural pest aphid capable of feeding on a wide range of host plants. This insect is a vector of plant viruses and causes injury to crops including stunted growth from the loss of phloem. We found that the publicly available genome for A.

Molecular Mechanisms of Nicergoline from Ergot Fungus in Blocking Human 5-HT3A Receptor.

This study investigates the modulatory effects of nicergoline, a major bioactive compound derived from ergot fungus, on the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3A (5-HT3A) receptor. Utilizing a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique, we evaluated the impact of nicergoline on the 5-HT-induced inward current (I) in 5-HT3A receptors. Our findings reveal that nicergoline inhibits I in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner.

Engineered ipilimumab variants that bind human and mouse CTLA-4.

Testing of candidate monoclonal antibody therapeutics in preclinical models is an essential step in drug development. Identification of antibody therapeutic candidates that bind their human targets and cross-react to mouse orthologs is often challenging, especially for targets with low sequence homology. In such cases, surrogate antibodies that bind mouse orthologs must be used.

Convergent evolution and predictability of gene copy numbers associated with diets in mammals.

Convergent evolution, the evolution of the same or similar phenotypes in phylogenetically independent lineages, is a widespread phenomenon in nature. If the genetic basis for convergent evolution is predictable to some extent, it may be possible to infer organismic phenotypes and the capability of organisms to utilize new ecological resources based on genome sequence data. While repeated amino acid changes have been studied in association with convergent evolution, relatively little is known about the potential contribution of repeated gene copy number changes.

Ageism in the Family.

The problem of ageism in the family can be understood through the lens of larger social structural factors that shape intrapersonal and interpersonal relations in families. While research on the negative consequences of ageism is well established in the workplace, media, and in healthcare systems, ageism within the family has not yet been well studied. We propose a tripartite model of ageism, specifically how cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of family members, in combination with internalized age beliefs held by older people, undermine family dynamics and may worsen the health and wellbeing of older adults.

Reinforcement Learning is Impaired in the Sub-acute Post-stroke Period.

Background: In humans, most spontaneous recovery from motor impairment after stroke occurs in the first 3 months. Studies in animal models show higher responsiveness to training over a similar time-period. Both phenomena are often attributed to a milieu of heightened plasticity, which may share some mechanistic overlap with plasticity associated with normal motor learning.

Inpatient complications and mortality in cirrhotic patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a comprehensive analysis.

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis, a complex and progressive disease,imposes a significant global health burden, characterized by irreversible livertissue scarring and various life-threatening complications. Traditionallylinked to factors like chronic alcohol consumption and viral hepatitisinfections, the rising prevalence of obesity introduces a new dimension to itsetiology. As obesity rates continue to climb worldwide, the confluence of livercirrhosis and bariatric surgery has become an increasingly pertinent andclinically relevant topic of inquiry.

The Effect of Extending the Window to Disenroll From Medicare Advantage Among Post-Acute Users.

Post-acute care users in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans may seek coverage changes if facing issues with plan benefits. In 2019, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services extended the deadline to disenroll from an MA plan from February 14 to March 31 and, for the first time, permitted beneficiaries to switch to a different MA plan instead of traditional Medicare. Using 2016-2019 Medicare administrative data, we implemented a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the impact of this policy on disenrollment from a plan within 1 month of initiating skilled nursing facility or home health services.

Orthotopic heart transplantation in patient with Williams syndrome: case report and considerations in perioperative and long-term management.

This report describes the first long-term survival following a heart transplant for Williams syndrome-associated cardiac pathologies. An 11-year-old patient with severe global left ventricular dysfunction presented with heart failure and underwent heart transplantation. Her peri- and post-operative courses were complicated by hypertension related to underlying vascular pathology.