Prospective evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for use in cancer pathways following diagnosis: a systematic review.

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer care has evolved in the face of ageing population, workforce shortages and technological advancement. Despite recent uptake in AI research and adoption, the extent to which it improves quality, efficiency and equity of care beyond cancer diagnostics is uncertain to date. Henceforth, the objective of our systematic review is to assess the clinical readiness and deployability of AI through evaluation of prospective studies of AI in cancer care following diagnosis.

Challenges faced by women oncologists in Africa: a mixed methods study.

Objective: Recent studies have identified challenges facing women oncologists in Western contexts. However, similar studies in Africa have yet to be conducted. This study sought to determine the most common and substantial challenges faced by women oncologists in Africa and identify potential solutions.

Postprogression therapy and confounding for the estimated treatment effect on overall survival in phase III oncology trials.

Objective: Estimations of the treatment effect on overall survival (OS) may be influenced by post-progression therapies (PPTs). It is unclear how often OS analyses account for PPT effects. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the prevalence of OS analyses accounting for PPT effects in phase III oncology trials.

Machine learning based on blood test biomarkers predicts fast progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy.

Objective: Fast progression (FP) represents a desperate situation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We aimed to develop a predictive framework based on machine learning (ML) methods to identify FP in advanced NSCLC patients using blood test biomarkers.

Methods And Analysis: We extracted data of 1546 atezolizumab-treated patients from four multicentre clinical trials.

Preconsultation compassion video to reduce anxiety among patients referred to a cancer centre: a randomised control trial.

Objective: Anxiety is common among patients attending an initial oncology consultation. The objective of this trial was to test if an enhanced compassion video emailed to patients prior to their initial oncology consultation reduces anxiety compared with being sent an information-only introduction video.

Methods And Analysis: We conducted a randomised control trial at a single university-based cancer centre between May 2021 and October 2023.

Preclinical study and parallel phase II trial evaluating antisense STAT3 oligonucleotide and checkpoint blockade for advanced pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer and mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibition we conducted a co-clinical trial testing danvatirsen, a STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and checkpoint inhibition in conjunction with preclinical experiments.

Methods And Analysis: Orthotopically implanted pancreatic cancer (pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC)) was treated with STAT3 ASO with immune checkpoint inhibition. Tumour infiltrating immune cell populations were characterised via flow cytometry.

As bleak as it sounds? Analysing trends in oncology clinical trial initiation in the UK from 2010 to 2022.

Objectives: The UK's withdrawal from the European Union (a political movement known as 'Brexit') incited concern both in the public and private sector about the future of drug development and the clinical trial landscape in the UK. This study evaluates trends in the initiation of phase III clinical trials that evaluated systemic anticancer treatments from 2010 to 2022 both in the UK and worldwide.

Methods And Analysis: Relevant clinical trials were identified through ClinicalTrials.

Integrated multiplex analysis of cell death regulators in stage II colorectal cancer suggests patients with 'persister' cell profiles fail to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: Inducing tumour cell apoptosis is a primary objective of chemotherapy but, to date, there are no validated biomarkers of apoptosis sensitivity or resistance. Our objective was to image multiple apoptosis pathway proteins at single cell level and determine multi-protein associations with recurrence risk and chemotherapy response in patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods And Analysis: Multiplexed imaging of 16 proteins in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways at single cell resolution on resected tissue from 194 patients with stage II CRC who either received adjuvant chemotherapy (n108) or were treated with surgery only (n=86).

Increase in major osteoporotic fractures after therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause severe and sometimes long-standing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Enhanced immune activation from ICI can theoretically result in osteoclast activation, bone loss and fracture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence rates of major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) in patients with melanoma treated with ICI.

Improving outcomes with early and intensive metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a long-term modeling analysis of clinical and cost outcomes in Italy.

Objectives: This analysis quantifies the potential long-term clinical and cost benefits of early and intensive metabolic control (EIMC) versus conventional management in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in Italy.

Methods: The PRIME T2D Model was used to project clinical and cost outcomes over long-term time horizons for a newly diagnosed cohort of patients receiving EIMC or conventional management. EIMC was associated with a mean glycated hemoglobin reduction of 0.

Sleep characteristics and hearing loss in middle-aged and older adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018.

Background: Population-based evidence linking sleep characteristics with hearing is limited and how the associations change with age remains unknown. We aim to investigate cross-sectional associations between sleep characteristics and hearing by age in a nationally representative sample of U.S.

HIV-1 Vif global diversity and possible APOBEC-mediated response since 1980.

HIV-1 Vif's principal function is to counter the antiretroviral activities of DNA-editing APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases. Unconstrained APOBEC3 activity introduces premature stop codons in HIV-1 genes and can lead to viral inactivation. To investigate the evolution and diversification of Vif over the HIV-1 pandemic and document evidence of APOBEC3-mediated pressure, we analyzed 4612 publicly available sequences derived from 10 dominant subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) using the Hervé platform.

Impact of #PCOSweightloss: A global X hashtag analysis study of weight loss narratives in the PCOS community.

Introduction: Social media plays a significant role in fostering communities around health and wellness. The hashtag #PCOSweightloss has become a pivotal forum on the platform X, where individuals exchange experiences, share information, and motivate each other concerning weight loss strategies connected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: This study aims to analyze the trends of #PCOSweightloss on X to gain insights into the social media metrics, including overall hashtag reach, key themes, and potential influence on management practices of PCOS.

Improved Clinical Outcomes with Appropriate Meropenem De-escalation in Patients with Febrile Neutropenia.

Introduction: Antibiotic stewardship is a critical aspect of managing cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) to limit the development of drug-resistant organisms and minimize adverse drug effects. Thus, it has been recommended that patients with FN receiving empiric antibiotics should be re-evaluated for safe antibiotic de-escalation.

Methods: Subjects treated with meropenem for febrile neutropenia who met Loyola University Medical Center's (LUMC) criteria for de-escalation were stratified based on whether meropenem was de-escalated, and 30-day all-cause mortality for both groups was assessed.

Changes in public awareness of the social determinants of health over 15 years in Wisconsin, United States.

Objective: To investigate 15-year changes in public awareness of the social determinants of health (SDoH) between 2007 and 2023.

Methods: A 2007 survey of 1172 Wisconsin, U.S.

Nutrient Profiling Models in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Considering Local Nutritional Challenges: A Systematic Review.

Micronutrient deficiencies, undernutrition, and overweight/obesity are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nutrient profiling models (NPMs), initially developed to help reduce the prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases in Western countries, could be one solution to promote nutrient-dense foods in LMICs. This study reviewed government-endorsed NPMs implemented in LMICs and assessed their key components in relation to country-specific nutritional challenges.

Human citrate synthase kinetic simulation to fit rapid, direct, and thiol probe coupled kinetic data.

Human citrate synthase (hCS) was kinetically characterized through full progress curve kinetic modelling using kinetic simulation, global fitting of the direct AcCoA to CoA transition, and a coupled thiol probe reaction to better determine the kinetics with low substrate concentration. Our analysis provides one of the most rigorous kinetic analyses of any citrate synthase ruling out the need to invoke complex cooperative mechanisms to explain progress curve data. Furthermore, we collected and modeled stopped-flow pH-dependent kinetic data with CoA and popular thiol probes such as Ellman's reagent (DTNB) and 4,4'-Dithiodipyridine (DPS), providing the opportunity for detailed kinetic simulations using these thiol probes with CoA producing enzymes.

Trauma patients with metastatic cancer undergoing emergent surgery: A matched cohort analysis.

Background: There is a paucity of literature guiding trauma surgeons in the care of patients with active metastatic cancer (MC). Even less is known regarding outcomes for MC patients requiring emergent surgery after trauma. We hypothesized that trauma patients with active Metastatic Cancer (MC) have an increased mortality rate and undergo increased rates of withdrawal of care (WoC) within 72-hours following emergent operations, compared to similarly matched patients without MC.

Bloodless Management of Severe Refractory ITP and Acute Hemorrhage in a Jehovah's Witness Patient.

In patients with severe refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), especially those unable to receive blood transfusions due to religious beliefs, alternative non-cytotoxic therapies are important to avoid worsening cytopenias. Immunomodulatory agents such as mycophenolate mofetil and daratumumab should be used alongside traditional therapies including steroids, IVIG and rituximab.

Exploring the Impact of Preoperative Laboratory Values on Short-Term Outcomes in Complex Carpal Tunnel Decompression Surgery.

The present study analyzes the effects of preoperative serum albumin, hematocrit, and creatinine on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing carpal tunnel decompression surgery. The American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried from 2011 to 2020. Albumin, hematocrit, and creatinine were collected for each patient, alongside covariates.

Temperature-Dependent Rotation of Protonated Methyl Groups in Otherwise Deuterated Proteins Modulates DEER Distance Distributions.

Unlabelled: Temperature-dependent DEER effects are observed as a function of methyl rotation by either leucine- or nitroxide-specific protonated methyl groups in an otherwise deuterated background. Both species induce a site-specific enhancement in the apparent relaxation of the paramagnetic nitroxide label. The presence of a single protonated methyl group in close proximity (4-10 Å) to only one of the two nitroxide rotamer ensembles in AviTagged immunoglobulin-binding B domain of protein A results in a selective and substantial decrease in , manifested by differential decay of the peak intensities in the bimodal distance distribution as a function of the total dipolar evolution time, temperature, or both.

IMPASSIVE DICTATING: A Mnemonic Acronym for Systematically Generating Differential Diagnoses.

Systematically generating differential diagnoses facilitates a clinician's history, physical exam, and clinical evaluation. is an acronym for pathophysiologies to consider in a differential diagnosis: immune reactions and dysregulation, metabolic, psychiatric, allergic, structural, social, infectious, vascular, endocrine/exocrine, degenerative, iatrogenic, congenital, traumatic, autoimmune, toxic, idiopathic, neoplastic, and genetic. We suggest that this mnemonic includes several improvements on previous pathophysiology-based acronyms and have informally validated this new mnemonic with two lists of common diseases.

Examining Educational and Career Transition Points Among a Diverse, Virtual Mentoring Network.

Given the differences in trajectory for under-represented minorities in biomedical careers, we sought to explore how a virtual mentoring program, the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), and its platform (MyNRMN), may facilitate transitions in the science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) pipeline. The purpose of this study was to describe how the size of an MyNRMN member's mentoring network and level of engagement correlate with academic and career transitions. We examined MyNRMN platform user data from March 2020 to May 2021 ( = 2993).