Best holdout assessment is sufficient for cancer transcriptomic model selection.

Guidelines in statistical modeling for genomics hold that simpler models have advantages over more complex ones. Potential advantages include cost, interpretability, and improved generalization across datasets or biological contexts. We directly tested the assumption that small gene signatures generalize better by examining the generalization of mutation status prediction models across datasets (from cell lines to human tumors and vice versa) and biological contexts (holding out entire cancer types from pan-cancer data).

Cross-modal contrastive learning for unified placenta analysis using photographs.

The placenta is vital to maternal and child health but often overlooked in pregnancy studies. Addressing the need for a more accessible and cost-effective method of placental assessment, our study introduces a computational tool designed for the analysis of placental photographs. Leveraging images and pathology reports collected from sites in the United States and Uganda over a 12-year period, we developed a cross-modal contrastive learning algorithm consisting of pre-alignment, distillation, and retrieval modules.

Atmospheric Pressure Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Electrospray-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with Gas Transportation through a Heated Tube and Minimal Sample Preparation.

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a valuable tool that enables label-free analysis and the ability to measure multiple molecules. The atmospheric pressure MS imaging (MSI) method usually requires tedious sample preparation. A simple ionization method with minimal sample preparation is needed for high-throughput analysis.

Image reconstruction impacts haemodynamic parameters derived from 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging with compressed sensing.

Aims: 4D blood flow measurements by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can be used to simplify blood flow assessment. Compressed sensing (CS) can provide better flow measurements than conventional parallel imaging (PI), but clinical validation is needed. This study aimed to validate stroke volume (SV) measurements by 4D-CS in healthy volunteers and patients while also investigating the influence of the CS image reconstruction parameter on haemodynamic parameters.

Erratum: Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.32479.

RNA nanotherapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, particularly due to the limited effectiveness of current therapeutic options for advanced-stage disease. The efficacy of traditional treatments is often compromised by the intricate liver microenvironment and the inherent heterogeneity. RNA-based therapeutics offer a promising alternative, utilizing the innovative approach of targeting aberrant molecular pathways and modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Non-invasive volumetric ultrasound localization microscopy detects vascular changes in mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and one of the leading causes of death. AD is known to be correlated to tortuosity in the microvasculature as well as decreases in blood flow throughout the brain. However, the mechanisms behind these changes and their causal relation to AD are poorly understood.

Monitoring of cancer ferroptosis with [F]hGTS13, a system xc- specific radiotracer.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by resistance to conventional therapies and poor survival. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment. However, there are currently no non-invasive imaging techniques to monitor the engagement of pro-ferroptotic compounds with their respective targets, or to monitor the efficacy of ferroptosis-based therapies.

Vascularized tumor on a microfluidic chip to study mechanisms promoting tumor neovascularization and vascular targeted therapies.

The cascade of events leading to tumor formation includes induction of a tumor supporting neovasculature, as a primary hallmark of cancer. Developing vasculature is difficult to evaluate but can be captured using microfluidic chip technology and patient derived cells. Herein, we established an approach to investigate the mechanisms promoting tumor vascularization and vascular targeted therapies via co-culture of cancer spheroids and endothelial cells in a three dimensional environment.

Millisecond-level transient heating and temperature monitoring technique for ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging.

Ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging (US-TSI) is a promising ultrasound imaging modality that has been demonstrated in preclinical studies to identify a lipid-rich necrotic core of an atherosclerotic plaque. However, human physiological motion, e.g.

Digital Health Divide: Opportunities for Reducing Health Disparities and Promoting Equitable Care for Maternal and Child Health Populations.

The integration of telehealth into maternal and child health (MCH) care presents an opportunity to enhance health equity, offering solutions to bridge gaps in access and quality of care. This paper explores the impact and reach of telehealth services on MCH, emphasizing its potential to address disparities in healthcare access, particularly for underserved and marginalized populations. Telehealth facilitates improved access to care by reducing geographical barriers, offering convenient and flexible consultation options, and providing cost-effective solutions for low-income families.

Induced cell phenotype activity recording of DNA-tagged ligands.

Based on their ability to canvas vast genetic or chemical space at low cost and high speed, DNA-encoded libraries (DEL) have served to enable both genomic and small molecule discovery. Current DEL chemical library screening approaches focus primarily on target-based affinity or activity. Here we describe an approach to record the phenotype-based activity of DNA-encoded small molecules on their cognate barcode in living cells.

Unsafe Care and Fake News in Freeman-Burian Syndrome.

Freeman-Burian syndrome is a rare craniofacial syndrome surrounded by fake news. This situation shows the strong connection between the quality of a literature search and clinical reasoning displayed in patient care, especially in care of patients with rare conditions.

Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Complicated by Sepsis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Rare Case Report.

Physicians should consider non-O1, non-O139 (NOVC) in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis complicated by sepsis, especially in immunocompromised patients when potential exposure exists. Due to the pathogen's potential for severe infections and rising incidence from environmental changes, we emphasize the need for increased awareness and appropriate treatment guidelines.

Midface Degloving Approach for Total Maxillectomy Without Orbital Exenteration: A Case Series.

Objective: Evaluate the feasibility of the midface degloving approach (MDA) in total maxillectomy without orbital exenteration (TMWOE) and reconstruction for sino-nasal neoplasms.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Investigation of Third Window Symptoms in Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To assess if patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) experience symptoms characteristic of other third mobile window disorders such as superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS).

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Utilization of ChatGPT for Rhinology Patient Education: Limitations in a Surgical Sub-Specialty.

Objective: To analyze the accuracy of ChatGPT-generated responses to common rhinologic patient questions.

Methods: Ten common questions from rhinology patients were compiled by a panel of 4 rhinology fellowship-trained surgeons based on clinical patient experience. This panel (Panel 1) developed consensus "expert" responses to each question.

Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Calciphylaxis in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Calciphylaxis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that is not yet completely understood. It occurs mainly in patients with chronic kidney disease termed calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) but also affects patients with normal renal function. Although this disease's pathogenesis is unclear, it is associated with the dysregulation of calcium and phosphate and subsequent calcification of peripheral arterioles.

Comparative Efficacy of Semaglutide Versus Liraglutide or Efinopegdutide on Weight Loss in Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have produced substantial weight loss effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cohorts, but these effects have not been thoroughly studied in patients with obesity and without diabetes. This review aimed to analyze direct comparative studies for semaglutide versus other GLP-1 RA (liraglutide and efinopegdutide) in facilitating weight loss and evaluating adverse events in patients with obesity. A systematic search following the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for direct comparative studies comparing semaglutide with other GLP-1 RA on weight loss in patients with obesity.

Efficacy of Colchicine for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

Colchicine, a long-established anti-inflammatory medication, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for secondary prevention of stroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine in preventing secondary stroke by comprehensively synthesizing available evidence. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases from inception to November 15, 2024, using comprehensive search strategies.

Fear of Fragility: A Case of Osteoporosis-Triggered Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

We present a case of a 73-year-old woman with a medical history significant for hyperlipidemia, on pravastatin, who developed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following a diagnosis of osteoporosis. She presented to the Emergency Department with acute transient left arm pain that resolved spontaneously. Investigations revealed elevated troponin levels, non-specific electrocardiographic changes, no significant coronary artery disease on angiography, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, findings consistent with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis and 5-Oxoprolinuria in a Hospital Setting Induced by Acetaminophen, Sepsis, and Malnutrition: A Case Report.

High anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) is a common biochemical abnormality in hospitalized patients, often linked to conditions such as lactic acidosis, renal failure, or drug toxicity. A rare etiology, 5-oxoprolinuria, resulting from acetaminophen use, malnutrition, and sepsis, is increasingly recognized in critically ill patients. We report a 29-year-old male with a history of intellectual disability and normal baseline kidney function who was admitted with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and developed severe metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Clinico-Dermoscopic Findings of Jacquet's Erosive Dermatitis in Adults: A Report of Two Cases.

Jacquet's erosive dermatitis (JED) is a severe irritant dermatitis characterized by erosive genital and perianal lesions, often misdiagnosed due to overlapping clinical features. This case report presents two adult cases of JED with distinct clinical and dermoscopic findings. Dermoscopy revealed a characteristic polymorphic vascular pattern, including short linear, curved, coiled, dotted, and globular vessels, aiding in the diagnosis and differentiation from similar conditions.

Monomicrobial Gram-Negative Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Lower Extremity.

Unlike other skin and soft tissue infections, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. It is usually caused by polymicrobial infections or monomicrobial gram-positive organisms, mainly and . Monomicrobial gram-negative () NF is a rare form of NF, primarily reported in patients with underlying comorbidities or immunocompromised states.

Complete Heart Block in a Patient Declining Pacemaker Implantation: A Discussion on Patient-Centered Care and Shared Decision-Making.

Permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is the standard of care in patients with complete heart block (CHB) and second-degree type II atrioventricular (AV) block irrespective of patient symptoms when the conduction abnormality is irreversible. CHB generally constitutes a medical emergency that can be fatal if not urgently treated. This is in contrast to first-degree AV block and second-degree type I AV block, which require PPM implantation only in very special circumstances.