Evaluating student understanding of pharmacodynamics core concepts.

Pharmacodynamics is an essential subdiscipline of pharmacology that underpins safe and effective prescribing and therapeutic decision-making, as well as drug discovery and development. The exponential increase in the number of therapeutic drugs has prompted members of the pharmacology educator community to question existing pharmacology curricula focused on individual drugs and move toward a curriculum focused on conceptual understanding. A first step towards conceptual understanding is to establish what students currently know about pharmacodynamic core concepts.

ASPIRIN-TRIGGERED LIPOXIN A4 REDUCES NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURS IN MALE DIABETIC RATS: ANTINOCICEPTIVE ENHANCEMENT BY CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

Neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes, leading to painful symptoms like hyperalgesia. Current treatments for diabetic painful neuropathy often prove inadequate, necessitating the exploration of new pharmacological approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential antinociceptive effect of aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (ATL), a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator, when administered alone or in combination with cannabinoid agonists, to alleviate diabetic neuropathic pain.

Open Latarjet Results in Lower Recurrent Instability and Revision Rates Than Arthroscopic Bankart Repair at 10-Year Follow-up: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To compare arthroscopic Bankart repair versus the open Latarjet procedure at a minimum of 10-year follow-up evaluating recurrence and arthropathy development rates.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in concordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported on the arthroscopic Bankart repair or open Latarjet procedure with a minimum of 10-year follow-up.

Coenzyme Q deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism by altering cholesterol homeostasis in neurons.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a critical component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CoQ deficiencies often cause a variety of clinical syndromes, often involving encephalopathies. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations implies different pathomechanisms, reflecting CoQ involvement in several biological processes.

GAS41 promotes ITGA4-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and glioma tumorigenesis.

Glioma Amplified Sequence 41 (GAS41) is a chromatin-associated protein that belongs to the YEATS domain family of proteins and is frequently amplified in various tumors. However, its biological function and carcinogenic mechanism in gliomas are not fully understood. In this study, we revealed that GAS41 was upregulated in human glioma tissues and cell lines, and higher expression of GAS41 was significantly associated with poor clinical prognosis.

THE IMPACT OF MALE CONTRACEPTION ON GLOBAL SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS.

The right to health and other health-related human rights are legally binding commitments enshrined in international human rights instruments. While these positions are known and ratified by policy makers, little has been done to actualize men's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) as an integral part of attaining these important global goals. Not addressing men's SRH over and above supporting their female partners sustains the sexual and reproductive risks and burdens that women must bear.

Complications of percutaneous coronary intervention.

Complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. In-depth understanding of the mechanisms and management options of these complications as well as timely recognition and action can sometimes be lifesaving. In this review we discuss the mechanisms, prevention methods, diagnosis, and management of three major PCI complications: a) perforation b) acute vessel closure, and c) equipment loss.

The complex role of cardiovascular imaging in viability testing.

Myocardial viability assessment is used to determine if chronically dysfunctional myocardium may benefit from coronary revascularization. Cardiac magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement is the current gold standard for visualizing myocardial scar and provides valuable insight into myocardial viability. Viability assessments can also be made with Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography, Echocardiography, Single Photon Emission Tomography, and Cardiac Computed Tomography with each having advantages and disadvantages.

Relationship between cognitive impairment and hippocampal iron overload: a quantitative susceptibility mapping study of a rat model.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish an iron overload rat model to simulate the elevated iron levels in patients with thalassemia and to investigate the potential association between hippocampal iron deposition and cognition.

Methods: Two groups of iron overloaded rats and one group of control rats were used for this study. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test spatial reference memory indicated by escape latency time and number of MWM platform crossings.

A pilot-test to support healthcare providers in promoting vaccine uptake among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (I/DDs) encounter barriers to vaccine access, uptake, and confidence, leading to health inequities. These include barriers related to healthcare provider capacity to effectively address the social determinants of health, provide accessible needle procedures, and translate and disseminate inclusive public health information. The current study aimed to test the preliminary effectiveness of a virtual continuing medical education (CME) course on enhancing healthcare provider capacity to address these barriers.

Erythrocyte fatty acid patterns are associated with skeletal muscle mass in Chinese children.

Background: Nutritional factors are important for skeletal muscle mass and grip strength development in children.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid patterns and skeletal muscle mass and grip strength in children.

Methods: A total of 452 children aged 6-9 years were included in this study.

Housing Temperature Influences Metabolic Phenotype of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in J vs N Strain C57BL/6 Mice.

Preclinical heart failure studies rely heavily on mouse models despite their higher metabolic and heart rates compared to humans. This study examines how mouse strain (C57BL/6J vs. C57BL/6N) and housing temperature (23°C vs.

Preparing Surrogates for Decision-Making: Development and Pilot Testing of PREPARE For THEIR Care.

Context: Surrogate decision-makers have expressed the need for better preparation around communication and medical decision-making.

Objectives: This mixed-methods feasibility study aimed to assess the feasibility and usability of an online program to prepare surrogates for their role.

Methods: We developed a 2-part program for surrogates called PREPARE For THEIR Care with a diverse group of Community Advisory Board members and caregivers recruited from the National Patient Advocacy Foundation.

Association between dietary fructose and human colon DNA methylation: implication for racial disparities in colorectal cancer risk using a cross-sectional study.

Background: An increasing body of evidence has linked fructose intake to colorectal cancer (CRC). African American (AA) adults consume greater quantities of fructose and are more likely to develop right-side colon cancer than European American (EA) adults.

Objective: We examined the hypothesis that fructose consumption leads to epigenomic and transcriptomic differences associated with CRC tumor biology.

Protein supplementation delivered alone or in combination with presumptive azithromycin treatment for enteric pathogens did not improve linear growth in Bangladeshi infants: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Protein requirements established for healthy populations may be insufficient to support healthy growth in infants consuming largely cereal-based complementary foods and frequently exposed to enteric pathogens.

Objective: To assess independent and combined effects of protein supplementation and antibiotic treatment on linear growth of infants from 6-12 months of age.

Design: We conducted a 2 x 4 factorial cluster-randomized trial in northwestern Bangladesh, allocating 566 clusters to masked azithromycin (10 mg·kg * 3 d) or placebo at 6 and 9 months of age, and unmasked delivery of an egg white protein-rich blended food supplement (250 kcal; 10 g added protein), a rice-based isocaloric supplement, egg, or nutrition education from 6-12 months.

LGR4 is essential for maintaining β-cell homeostasis through suppression of RANK.

Objective: Loss of functional β-cell mass is a major cause of diabetes. Thus, identifying regulators of β-cell health is crucial for treating this disease. The In this study, we assessed the regulation of Lgr4 in islets, and the role of LGR4 and LGR4/RANK stoichiometry in β-cell health under basal and stress-induced conditions, in vitro and in vivo.

The mitochondriotropic antioxidants AntiOxBEN and AntiOxCIN are structurally-similar but differentially alter energy homeostasis in human skin fibroblasts.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation play an import role in different human pathologies. In this context, mitochondrial targeting of potentially protective antioxidants by their coupling to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) is widely applied. Employing a six‑carbon (C) linker, we recently demonstrated that mitochondria-targeted phenolic antioxidants derived from gallic acid (AntiOxBEN) and caffeic acid (AntiOxCIN) counterbalance oxidative stress in primary human skin fibroblasts by activating ROS-protective mechanisms.

Functionalization of chitosan and its application in flame retardant: A review.

In recent years, bio-based flame retardants have gained significant attention as sustainable alternatives, achieving important breakthroughs in flame retardancy and becoming a key focus for future development. Derived from biomass, chitosan (CS) has been widely used in the field of advanced functional materials. However, in the field of flame retardancy, chitosan alone shows limited effectiveness, leading researchers to explore its reactive functional groups for creating multifunctional flame retardant chitosan composites (FRCC).

Alginate oligosaccharides relieve estrogen-deprived osteosarcopenia by affecting intestinal Th17 differentiation and systemic inflammation through the manipulation of bile acid metabolism.

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have gained attention for their capacity to regulate human health as prebiotics. Osteosarcopenia is a progressive disease of the musculoskeletal system and result in heavy burden of patients. Studies suggest that gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcopenia, whether AOS can improve the symptoms of osteosarcopenia by modulating gut microbiota remains to be elucidated.

Phylogenomic insights into the taxonomy, ecology, and mating systems of the lorchel family Discinaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota).

Lorchels, also known as false morels (Gyromitra sensu lato), are iconic due to their brain-shaped mushrooms and production of gyromitrin, a deadly mycotoxin. Molecular phylogenetic studies have hitherto failed to resolve deep-branching relationships in the lorchel family, Discinaceae, hampering our ability to settle longstanding taxonomic debates and to reconstruct the evolution of toxin production. We generated 75 draft genomes from cultures and ascomata (some collected as early as 1960), conducted phylogenomic analyses using 1542 single-copy orthologs to infer the early evolutionary history of lorchels, and identified genomic signatures of trophic mode and mating-type loci to better understand lorchel ecology and reproductive biology.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Intra-Abdominal Abscess Using 15-mm vs. 10-mm Lumen-Apposing Metal Stents: An International Case-Matched Study.

Background And Aims: Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided placement of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) has been reported yet advantage of using 15-mm LAMS over 10-mm LAMS yet to be explored.

Methods: International, retrospective, case-matched study of patients with intra-abdominal abscess who underwent EUS-guided drainage with 15-mm (case) and 10-mm (control) LAMS between 03/2019 and 09/2022.

Results: 51 patients underwent EUS-guided drainage using LAMS [15-mm 29 (57%), 10-mm 22 (43%)].

Contour uncertainty assessment for MD-omitted daily adaptive online head and neck radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Daily online adaptive radiotherapy (DART) increases treatment accuracy by crafting daily customized plans that adjust to the patient's daily setup and anatomy. The routine application of DART is limited by its resource-intensive processes. This study proposes a novel DART strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), automizing the process by propagating physician-edited treatment contours for each fraction.

Correlation of Histologic Features with Gene Alterations in Pleural Mesothelioma.

Histologic features, including architectural patterns, cytologic features, and 2021 World Health Organization nuclear grade have been shown to have prognostic significance in epithelioid diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM). Biphasic and sarcomatoid DPM, regardless of morphology, have worse outcomes. These prognostic findings are well-established but correlation of architectural patterns, cytologic features, and nuclear grade with genetic alterations has not been well studied.

The association of lung consolidation and respiratory pathogens identified at weaning on the growth performance of beef on dairy calves.

This observational study evaluated the relationship between lung consolidation observed at weaning and calf ADG, and the association of pathogen shedding at weaning on ADG in beef × dairy calves up to 238 d. Beef × Holstein calves (n = 143) were sourced from 2 dairies. Calves were managed in 3 cohorts and fed milk replacer and calf starter preweaning.