Metastatic Hobnail Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Initially Diagnosed by Pleural Effusion: Case Report of a Rare and Intriguing Entity.

Hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma (HNPTC) is an unusual and aggressive variant of PTC. Malignant pleural effusion secondary to thyroid carcinoma is a rare event reported in less than 1% of cases. Herein we present a case of metastatic HNPTC initially diagnosed by pleural effusion cytology, with a very poor outcome.

Single-Cell Landscape of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Identifies Specific Neutrophils during Septic Immunosuppression.

Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is related to increased susceptibility to secondary infections and death. Lung is the most vulnerable target organ in sepsis, but the understanding of the pulmonary immunosuppression state is still limited. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is performed to map the landscape of immune cells, revealing a neutrophil-driven immunosuppressive program in the lungs of patients with immunosuppressive sepsis.

Sedentary lifestyle induces oxidative stress and atrophy in rat skeletal muscle.

Abundant evidence indicates that skeletal muscle plays a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is essential to good health. While prolonged muscle inactivity is known to cause oxidative stress and muscle loss, it remains unclear whether a shift from an active to a sedentary lifestyle induces similar effects.

Effect of Semen Collection in the Metabolite and Hormonal Content of Rabbit Seminal Plasma.

Blood serum (BS) and seminal plasma (SP) share a plethora of compounds that might present an individual and/or temporal concentration variation. We aimed to determine whether BS and SP concentrations of albumin, calcium, citrate, creatinine, fructose, glucose, lactate, total protein, urea, zinc, cortisol, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone are related to weekly collections in New Zealand White (NZW) adult rabbit bucks. During a 12-week study, blood samples were obtained at the beginning and the end of the study period, and semen samples were taken twice a week from four NZW adult rabbit bucks, starting at 6-7 months of age.

Combining genome-wide association and genomic prediction to unravel the genetic architecture of carotenoid accumulation in carrot.

Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are a rich source of provitamin A, namely, α- and β-carotene. Breeding programs prioritize increasing β-carotene content for improved color and nutrition.

Cortical Thickness Differences in Autistic Children With and Without Intellectual Disability.

Of the 1 in 36 individuals in the United States who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, nearly 40% also have intellectual disability (ID). The cortex has been widely implicated in neural processes underlying autistic behaviors as well as intellectual ability. Thus, neuroimaging features such as cortical thickness are of particular interest as a possible biomarkers of the condition.

A cellular model of TDP-43 induces phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregation with distinct changes in solubility and autophagy dysregulation.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that affects neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control, and eventually leads to death. Phosphorylated transactive response DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is the major pathological protein in both sporadic and familial ALS, forming cytoplasmic aggregates in over 95% of cases. Of the 10-15% of ALS cases that are familial, mutations in TDP-43 represent about 5% of those with a family history.

Plasma proteomic characterization of motoric cognitive risk and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) is a pre-dementia syndrome characterized by mobility and cognitive dysfunction. This study conducted a proteome-wide study of MCR and compared the proteomic signatures of MCR to that of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Participants were classified as MCR using a memory questionnaire and 4-meter walk.

Cutaneous Mastocytosis in Pediatric Patients With Skin of Color: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is a rare skin disease with limited data on its prevalence across different racial groups. This retrospective cohort study examines the characteristics of CM at Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) from January 2010 to June 2022, identifying 192 confirmed cases of CM and further stratifying this cohort to 155 patients with documented Fitzpatrick phototypes. There were two important findings: first, nine (4.

Vascular health and exercise in females throughout the lifespan: Exploring puberty, pregnancy and menopause.

This narrative review highlights the impact of exercise on vascular health in females over the lifespan with an emphasis on puberty, pregnancy and menopause. These events encompass substantial changes in sex hormone levels, particularly oestrogens and progesterone. They are also accompanied by distinct adaptations of the central, peripheral and cerebral vasculature.

Calcium Phosphate-Induced Injury in Kidney Tubular Cells-Supersaturated Solution vs Preformed Crystals.

Crystalline nephropathy (CN) is characterized by deposition of microcrystals within the kidney tubular microstructure, specifically in the renal tubular cells. Nephropathic conditions have been observed in kidney stone patients as nephrocalcinosis, resulting from the deposition of calcium phosphate (CaP) microcrystals mainly within the renal tubule. CaP microcrystals trigger nephrotoxicity and cell death leading to acute and chronic kidney disease and in some cases end stage renal disease.

Balloon Dilation Technique Influences Stent Shortening and Intentional Stent Fracture During Overexpansion of Drug-Eluting Stents: A Bench-Testing Study.

Background And Aims: Drug-eluting stents (DES) are not designed for overexpansion to supra-nominal diameters or intentional stent fracture (ISF). The optimal dilation technique to minimize stent shortening (SS) and achieve ISF to accommodate pediatric somatic growth has not been described.

Methods: Three sizes of two commonly used DES were implanted within a silicone model to simulate blood vessels.

Blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor prevents cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction through the activation of NOX-4 in female hormone deprivation rats.

Aim: Young women exhibit lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than age-matched men, a protective effect often attributed to estrogen's influence on cardiac and mitochondrial function. The risk of CVD increases in post-menopausal women, likely due to estrogen deficiency and aldosterone's negative effects, including those on mitochondria and other cellular targets. This study aimed to explore the link between estrogen deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac health.

A straightforward approach for 3D single-shot arterial spin labeling-based brain perfusion imaging: Preventing artifacts due to signal fluctuations.

Purpose: The present work aims to evaluate the performance of three-dimensional (3D) single-shot stack-of-spirals turbo FLASH (SOS-TFL) acquisition for pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) and velocity-selective ASL (VSASL)-based cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapping, as well as VSASL-based cerebral blood volume (CBV) mapping.

Methods: Digital phantom simulations were conducted for both multishot echo planar imaging and spiral trajectories with intershot signal fluctuations. PCASL-derived CBF (PCASL-CBF), VSASL-derived CBF (VSASL-CBF), and CBV (VSASL-CBV) were all acquired using 3D multishot gradient and spin-echo and SOS-TFL acquisitions following background suppression.

Use of a Stylet Driven Lead With a Flexible Neck for Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing: A Single Center Experience.

Background: The majority of data on left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) are on a lumenless lead. Data on the safety and effectiveness of stylet driven leads are comparatively lacking.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 265 patients who underwent attempted LBBAP with an 7842 (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) lead in the Duke University Health System between 1/1/2020 and 9/1/2023.

Biomarker treatment effects in two phase 3 trials of gantenerumab.

Introduction: We report biomarker treatment effects in the GRADUATE I and II phase 3 studies of gantenerumab in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET), volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (vMRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma biomarkers used to assess gantenerumab treatment related changes on neuropathology, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation over 116 weeks.

Results: Gantenerumab reduced amyloid PET load, CSF biomarkers of amyloid beta (Aβ)40, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181), neurogranin, S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neurofilament light (NfL), alpha-synuclein (α-syn), neuronal pentraxin-2 (NPTX2), and plasma biomarkers of t-tau, p-tau181, p-tau217, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) while increasing plasma Aβ40, Aβ42.

The Effect of Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention on Pregnancy Risk Among Women Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment and Progestin-Based Hormonal Contraception.

Purpose: Concomitant use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), hormonal contraception, and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) for tuberculosis prevention is common among women of reproductive age who are living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated the effect of isoniazid on 6-month pregnancy risk among Malawian women living with HIV in the Family Planning and Antiretroviral Therapy (FP-ART) prospective cohort study, overall and among subgroups defined by ART regimen type and hormonal contraceptive method.

Methods: The analytic sample included visits contributed by participants who were currently using either efavirenz- or dolutegravir-based ART and either depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant contraception at the time of the visit.

Effects of Nighttime Procurement and Transplantation on Outcomes Following Heart Transplantation.

Background: This study evaluates the effects of nighttime procurement and transplantation on outcomes following heart transplantation.

Methods: The UNOS registry was queried to analyze adult recipients who underwent isolated orthotopic heart transplantation between January 1, 2010, and September 30, 2022. The cohort was stratified into daytime (4 am-8 pm) and nighttime (8 pm-4 am) transplant groups.

Nonlinear Ion Dynamics Enable Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity of Electrochemical Ionic Synapses.

Programmable synaptic devices that can achieve timing-dependent weight updates are key components to implementing energy-efficient spiking neural networks (SNNs). Electrochemical ionic synapses (EIS) enable the programming of weight updates with very low energy consumption and low variability. Here, the strongly nonlinear kinetics of EIS, arising from nonlinear dynamics of ions and charge transfer reactions in solids, are leveraged to implement various forms of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP).

A Grounded Theory Analysis of Control and Freedom in Intimate Relationships.

Although coercive control has been studied in unhealthy relationships, all couples navigate some amount of control and freedom as they interact. Varied prevalence estimates and definitions of control suggest a need to better define the continuum of control in mild and extreme forms, including non-physically violent forms of control. The purpose of this qualitative study was to expand knowledge of control in relationships by examining the whole continuum of partners' experiences of control and freedom.

TransAnaNet: Transformer-based anatomy change prediction network for head and neck cancer radiotherapy.

Background: Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can compensate for the dosimetric impact of anatomic change during radiotherapy of head-neck cancer (HNC) patients. However, implementing ART universally poses challenges in clinical workflow and resource allocation, given the variability in patient response and the constraints of available resources. Therefore, the prediction of anatomical change during radiotherapy for HNC patients is of importance to optimize patient clinical benefit and treatment resources.

Normothermic Machine Perfusion vs. Static Cold Storage in Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) represents an alternative to prolong liver preservation and reduce organ discard rates. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to compare NMP with static cold storage (SCS) in liver transplantation.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies.