A magnetic field compatible readout circuit for enhanced coincidence time resolution in BGO Cherenkov radiation-based TOF-PET detectors.

Background: Developing time-of-flight positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (TOF-PET/MRI) detectors that exploit prompt Cherenkov photons from bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals for estimating 511 keV photon arrival time.

Purpose: To present a low-noise, high-speed electronic readout circuit design for BGO-based TOF-PET detectors that achieves enhanced coincidence time resolution (CTR) in presence of a strong magnetic field.

Methods: The CTR of a BGO-based TOF-PET test detector employing a high-speed, low-noise electronic readout chain was evaluated in a strong magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet placed directly on top of the circuit.

Pediatric Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum Arising De Novo on the Leg: Characteristics Observed With Reflectance Confocal Microscopy.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is an uncommon but benign glandular neoplasm, known to arise in association with nevus sebaceus, that can present with variance in morphology. The diverse presentation of SCAP creates a diagnostic challenge that often lends reliance on biopsy for confirmation. In children, this can be an invasive, painful, and undesired procedure.

A Guide for Implementing DPYD Genotyping for Systemic Fluoropyrimidines into Clinical Practice.

The safety of systemic fluoropyrimidines (e.g., 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine) is impacted by germline genetic variants in DPYD, which encodes the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme that functions as the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of this drug class.

Homospermidine synthase evolution and the origin(s) of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Apocynaceae.

Premise: Enzymes that are encoded by paralogous genes and produce identical specialized metabolites in distantly related plant lineages are strong evidence of parallel phenotypic evolution. Inference of phenotypic homology for metabolites produced by orthologous genes is less straightforward, since orthologs may be recruited in parallel into novel pathways. In prior research on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), specialized metabolites of Apocynaceae, the evolution of homospermidine synthase (HSS), an enzyme of PA biosynthesis, was reconstructed and a single origin of PAs inferred because HSS enzymes of all known PA-producing Apocynaceae species are orthologous and descended from an ancestral enzyme with the motif (VXXXD) of an optimized HSS.

Leaf carbon monoxide emissions under different drought, heat, and light conditions in the field.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is known primarily as a globally emitted by-product of incomplete combustion from the industry and biomass burning. However, CO is also produced in living plants and acts as a stress-signalling molecule in animals and plants. While CO emissions from soil and litter decomposition have been studied, research on the CO flux from living vegetation is scarce, particularly under field conditions.

Psoriasis in People With Skin of Color: An Evidence-Based Update.

Variations in epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical presentation, management, quality of life (QoL) impact, and access to care and research exist globally across the spectrum of individuals with psoriasis. This article aims to provide an evidence-based update on the characteristics of psoriasis in individuals with skin of color (SOC), a population in which psoriasis data have historically been limited. A literature search was conducted from January 2018 until August 2023 in Pubmed/MEDLINE/Cochrane Library and identified studies with I-III level of evidence using Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendations.

Off-target drift of the herbicide dicamba disrupts plant-pollinator interactions via novel pathways.

While herbicide use in agriculture is expected to have many effects on surrounding weed communities, it is largely unknown how plant exposure to sublethal doses of herbicide may subsequently impact plant-pollinator interactions. We tested the hypothesis that sublethal herbicide exposure indirectly alters plant-pollinator interactions through changes in plant traits, and specifically through alterations in floral display. Using a common garden experiment, we exposed 11 weed species to the herbicide dicamba and examined the potential for changes in pollinator abundance and patterns of pollinator visitation as well as alterations to plant traits.

pH Threshold Impacts Chalcopyrite Bioleaching Dynamics for the Extreme Thermoacidophile Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis.

The extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis served as the basis for probing how initial pH (pH) affects copper mobilization from chalcopyrite. Screening of small-scale cultures (75 mL) at 75°C revealed that ~pH 3.0 was a maximal threshold for bioleaching onset.

TRPC6 suppresses liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation via CaMK4-CREB pathway.

Background And Purpose: Genetic ablation or inhibition of the cation channel TRPC6 is protective against renal, cardiac and intestinal fibrosis. However, TRPC6 expression is decreased in patients with liver diseases. Here, we explored the role of TRPC6 in liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism.

Effects of Air Temperature on Transient Expression of Influenza Hemagglutinin in Nicotiana benthamiana: Analysis of Transgene Transcription and Plant Stress Responses.

Postinfiltration air temperature is known to affect the accumulation of recombinant protein in Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, including the number of days needed to reach maximum content and the rate of reduction thereafter. This study aimed to clarify whether the transcript levels of the transgenes and those of plant stress response markers (i.e.

Outcomes and treatment patterns for stage I human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 2010-2019.

Background: The risk of recurrence in patients with small, lymph node-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers untreated with adjuvant chemotherapy/HER2-directed therapy is uncertain. To investigate this, the authors conducted a retrospective, population-based study of chemotherapy use and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among patients with stage IA HER2-positive breast cancer.

Methods: The authors analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from patients diagnosed with stage IA HER2-positive breast cancer from 2010 to 2019.

The aging human larynx, presbyphonia, and voice quality: The evolutionary and social effects on listeners.

The human voice is a major signal transmission modality for our species. Accordingly, perception of its quality serves as an intraspecific window into the status of an individual's health, robusticity, and even stature in the group. Diminished quality-as may occur in aging or certain diseases-is a major feature in the lessening of an individual's communication modality.

Navigating Nature's Terrain: Jumping Performance Robust to Substrate Moisture and Roughness by Blackspotted Rockskippers (Entomacrodus striatus).

Escape responses are vital for the survival of prey. The high speeds and accelerations needed to evade predators successfully require exerting forces on the environment. Unlike water, terrestrial habitats can vary in ways that constrain the forces applied, requiring animals to adjust their behavior in response to variable conditions.

Planned versus unplanned alcohol and cannabis use: Motivational and contextual correlates among sexual minority women and gender diverse individuals.

Background: Unplanned alcohol use has been theorized to contribute to experiencing more consequences at the daily level, and several risk factors have been identified in the general population. However, it remaines unclear whether these risk factors apply to sexual and gender minorities (SGM); if unique risk factors for substance use among SGM (e.g.

MXene-Based Flexible Memory and Neuromorphic Devices.

As the age of the Internet of Things (IoTs) unfolds, along with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), traditional von Neumann-based computing systems encounter significant challenges in handling vast amounts of data storage and processing. Bioinspired neuromorphic computing strategies offer a promising solution, characterized by features of in-memory computing, massively parallel processing, and event-driven operations. Compared to traditional rigid silicon-based devices, flexible neuromorphic devices are lightweight, thin, and highly stretchable, garnering considerable attention.

Global Research Hotspots and Trends in Advances of the Ilizarov Technique: A Bibliometric Mapping.

Objective: An updated bibliometric analysis is needed to address the lack of comprehensive understanding of Ilizarov technique's research trends and hotspots, fostering collaboration and technology adoption. CiteSpace was utilized to perform co-citation analyzes on authors, countries, institutions, journals and cited journals, authors and cited literature, along with keywords. This approach aimed to identify leaders, collaborating institutions, and research hotspots associated with the Ilizarov technique, while also predicting future development trends.

mA-mRNA Reader YTHDF2 Identified as a Potential Risk Gene in Autism With Disproportionate Megalencephaly.

Among autistic individuals, a subphenotype of disproportionate megalencephaly (ASD-DM) seen at three years of age is associated with co-occurring intellectual disability and poorer prognoses later in life. However, many of the genes contributing to ASD-DM have yet to be delineated. In this study, we identified additional ASD-DM candidate genes with the aim to better define the genetic etiology of this subphenotype of autism.

Rooted in routine: Fostering higher order vegetable-shopping habits using a randomised simple planning intervention.

A healthy diet is a protective factor against a host of negative health outcomes. To maintain such a diet necessitates the consumption of at least 240 g of vegetables per day. However, most of the population fails to meet this threshold.

Unraveling the Microenvironment and the Pathogenic Axis of HIF-1α-Visfatin-Fibrosis in Autoimmune Pancreatitis Using a Single-Cell Atlas.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is identified as a severe chronic immune-related disorder in pancreas, including two subtypes. In this study, pancreatic lesions in patients diagnosed as either type 1 AIP or type 2 AIP are examined, and these patients' peripheral blood at single-cell level. Furthermore, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and functional assays are performed to verify the identified cell subtypes.

Multi-Step Assembly of an RNA-Liposome Nanoparticle Formulation Revealed by Real-Time, Single-Particle Quantitative Imaging.

Self-assembly plays a critical role in nanoparticle-based applications. However, it remains challenging to monitor the self-assembly of multi-component nanomaterials at a single-particle level, in real-time, with high throughput, and in a model-independent manner. Here, multi-color fluorescence microscopy is applied to track the assembly of both liposomes and mRNA simultaneously in clinical mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy.

Bioprinted Micro-Clots for Kinetic Analysis of Endothelial Cell-Mediated Fibrinolysis.

Vascular hypo-fibrinolysis is a historically underappreciated and understudied aspect of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This paper describes the development of a micro-clot dissolution assay for quantifying the fibrinolytic capacity of endothelial cells - a key driver of VTE development. This assay is enabled using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) to bioprint microscale fibrin clots over human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Knocking out the carboxyltransferase interactor 1 (CTI1) in Chlamydomonas boosted oil content by fivefold without affecting cell growth.

The first step in chloroplast de novo fatty acid synthesis is catalysed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). As the rate-limiting step for this pathway, ACCase is subject to both positive and negative regulation. In this study, we identify a Chlamydomonas homologue of the plant carboxyltransferase interactor 1 (CrCTI1) and show that this protein interacts with the Chlamydomonas α-carboxyltransferase (Crα-CT) subunit of the ACCase by yeast two-hybrid protein-protein interaction assay.