Environmental factors driving microcystin contamination of estuarine bivalve populations downstream of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms.

Estuaries are dynamic environments that provide vital habitat to ecologically and commercially important bivalves. In some cases, freshwater tributaries can introduce cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins into estuaries that may subsequently accumulate in estuarine bivalves. Temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs), which only experience tidal input for limited periods of time, may be particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of cyanotoxins in bivalves as they can be subject to freshwater input without tidal flushing and may experience lower salinities and cyanobacterial blooms.

A new concept to establish protein requirements.

There is an increased need to establish the protein requirements for body weight maintenance and optimal health in humans. Different methods were developed in the past to assess protein requirements in which known amounts of protein/amino acids were provided. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new concept of establishing protein requirements in healthy and diseased conditions using a novel stable isotope approach.

Venous gas emboli (VGE) in 2-D echocardiographic images following movement: grading and association with cumulative incidence of decompression sickness.

Introduction: Venous gas emboli (VGE) are a common surrogate experimental endpoint for decompression sickness (DCS). VGE numbers are graded, and the peak post-dive grade is associated with the probability of DCS (PDCS). VGE are typically graded with the subject at rest when bubble numbers are stable, and again after limb flexions which elicit a transient shower of bubbles.

Agreement of precordial and subclavian Doppler ultrasound venous gas emboli grades in a large diving data set.

Introduction: Doppler ultrasound is used to detect inert gas bubbles in the body following decompression from dives. Two sites may be monitored, the precordial (PC) and subclavian (SC) positions. PC is the predominant site, allowing observation of bubbles returning from the entire body.

Beyond genotype: challenges in predicting disease risk for carriers of biallelic perforin variants.

Genetic screening for severe congenital immuno-hematological diseases offers potential for early intervention, particularly through preemptive allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, the clinical value of such screening depends on precise prognostic predictions based on genotype-phenotype correlations and/or functional confirmation. We investigated familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2), caused by PRF1 variants.

Temporal trends in diagnostic evolutions for rickettsial diseases including scrub typhus: a bibliometric study.

The bibliometric analysis aimed to assess the bibliometric characteristics, current status and temporal trends in diagnostic evolutions related to infectious diseases caused by the genus and . Relevant studies were retrieved from Scopus using pre-determined standard keywords. The analysis was performed using the R package 'Bibliometrix' through the 'Biblioshiny' interface.

Challenges and future directions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Depression: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Depression is a common and debilitating disorder affecting millions. First-line treatments fail to achieve remission in about one-third of patients, highlighting a critical treatment need. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a novel treatment for depression.

A bHLH interaction code controls bipotential differentiation and self-renewal in the Drosophila gut.

Multipotent adult stem cells balance self-renewal with differentiation into various cell types. How this balance is regulated at the transcriptional level is poorly understood. Here, we show that a network of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors controls both stemness and bipotential differentiation in the Drosophila adult intestine.

Sunlight-sensitive carbon dots for plant immunity priming and pathogen defence.

Global food production faces persistent threats from environmental challenges and pathogenic attacks, leading to significant yield losses. Conventional strategies to combat pathogens, such as fungicides and disease-resistant breeding, are limited by environmental contamination and emergence of pathogen resistance. Herein, we engineered sunlight-sensitive and biodegradable carbon dots (CDs) capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), offering a novel and sustainable approach for plant protection.

Exposure to Police Killings and Adolescents' Self-Concept: Diverging Impact for Black and White American Youth.

Introduction: Police violence has been shown to harm the health of minority communities in the United States. However, limited research has examined how police killings impact adolescent self-concept, particularly across racial groups. This study investigated the divergent impact of exposure to police killings on self-esteem and self-efficacy among Black and White youth.

Exploring the Utility of the Gut Microbiome as a Longitudinal Health Monitoring Tool in Sanctuary Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

The primary goal of captive primate management is to ensure optimal health and welfare of the animals in our care. Given that the gut microbiome interacts closely with host metabolism, immunity, and even cognition, it represents a potentially powerful tool for identifying subtle changes in health status across a range of body systems simultaneously. However, thus far, it has not been widely tested or implemented as a monitoring tool.

Flexible and modular PET: Evaluating the potential of TOF-DOI panel detectors.

Background: Panel detectors have the potential to provide a flexible, modular approach to Positron Emission Tomography (PET), enabling customization to meet patient-specific needs and scan objectives. The panel design allows detectors to be positioned close to the patient, aiming to enhance sensitivity and spatial resolution through improved geometric coverage and reduced noncollinearity blurring. Parallax error can be mitigated using depth of interaction (DOI) information.

Explainable attention-enhanced heuristic paradigm for multi-view prognostic risk score development in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Existing prognostic staging systems depend on expensive manual extraction by pathologists, potentially overlooking latent patterns critical for prognosis, or use black-box deep learning models, limiting clinical acceptance. This study introduces a novel deep learning-assisted paradigm that complements existing approaches by generating interpretable, multi-view risk scores to stratify prognostic risk in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods: 510 HCC patients were enrolled in an internal dataset (SYSUCC) as training and validation cohorts to develop the Hybrid Deep Score (HDS).

Comparison of middle aged and older cancer survivors in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER).

Introduction: We evaluated the effectiveness of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in representing middle-aged and older cancer survivors by comparing individual- and county-level characteristics with those of a comparable cohort in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER).

Methods: We identified incident cancer survivors aged ≥ 50 years in the HRS and SEER biennially from 2000 to 2020. We calculated proportions of individual- level and county-level sociodemographic attributes for the sampling-weighted HRS and SEER.

Online Peer Support for Youth at Higher Risk of or Living with HIV: A Qualitative Content Analysis.

With the rise of technology-based interventions for HIV risk reduction among adolescents, research is needed to assess how youth participate in these strategies. We used qualitative content analysis to examine youth's posts in an online peer support intervention through the Adolescent Trials Network (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134833, registered May 1, 2017) for youth at higher risk of or living with HIV.

ACEi and ARBs as Primary Prevention of Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiomyopathy in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy with Anthracyclines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Anthracyclines treat a myriad of malignancies; however, they are known to lead to cancer therapy-related cardiomyopathy (CTRC). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in primary prevention of CTRC have yielded mixed results.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was performed to identify RCTs that evaluated outcomes in patients receiving anthracyclines and ACEi or ARBs versus control.

EasyVis: a real-time 3D visualization software system for laparoscopic surgery box trainer.

EasyVis is an emerging immersive 3D laparoscopic visualization system for improving the efficiency of laparoscopic surgery. It integrates multiple micro-cameras and light sources with the surgical ports to provide intra-abdominal stereo vision of surgery at a desired viewpoint. In this work, we develop a visualization algorithm using the EasyVis micro-camera array assembly in a laparoscopic surgery training box environment with simplified training tasks to validate the feasibility of this novel technology.

Current androgen receptor antagonists under investigation for resistant prostate cancer: progress and challenges.

Introduction: Prostate cancer represents a significant oncological challenge, with its natural history predominantly driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The pivotal role of this pathway underscores the rationale for targeting AR activity in therapeutic strategies. However, the development of resistance mechanisms has highlighted the need for advanced therapies to address the complexity of the castration-resistant status.

The DnaJ1 heat shock protein interacts with the flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein F3HL to synergistically enhance drought tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species in tomato.

The widely distributed heat shock protein DnaJ is renowned for its pivotal role in enhancing thermal tolerance in plants; however, its involvement in drought tolerance remains elusive. In this study, genes encoding DnaJ1 were cloned from drought-resistant wild tomato (Solanum pennellii) and drought-sensitive cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SpDnaJ1 and SlDnaJ1 from both tomato species were localized in the chloroplast, and their gene expression was induced by various abiotic stresses.

The LINC Complex Regulates Tendon Elastic Modulus, Collagen Crimp, and Lateral Expansion During Early Postnatal Development.

There is limited understanding of how mechanical signals regulate tendon development. The nucleus has emerged as a major regulator of cellular mechanosensation via the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) protein complex. Specific roles of LINC in tenogenesis have not been explored.

Normothermic Machine Perfusion Improves Outcomes for Donation After Cardiac Death Allografts With Extended Donor Warm Ischemia Time.

Introduction: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) allografts are underutilized in liver transplantation (LT) due to increased risk of complications. These risks stem from ischemic injury sustained during the total donor warm ischemia time (tDWIT), historically limited to 30 min. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) can mitigate these risks and facilitate LT of DCD grafts with extended tDWIT.

[The impact of remote monitoring of glycemia self-control on carbohydrate metabolism and quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is the main tool to achieve carbohydrate metabolism targets in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Remote monitoring of SMBG in Russia appeared relatively recently and needs to be evaluated for effectiveness.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of remote monitoring of SMBG on carbohydrate metabolism and quality of life in patients with type 1 DM in order to form new therapeutic approaches.