Polygenic risk scores for rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and associations with RA, interstitial lung abnormalities, and quantitative interstitial abnormalities among smokers.

Objective: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) facilitate construction of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We investigated associations of RA and IPF PRSs with RA and high-resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) parenchymal lung abnormalities.

Methods: Participants in COPDGene, a prospective multicenter cohort of current/former smokers, had chest HRCT at study enrollment.

The emerging significance of furan fatty acids in food, nutrition, and potential therapeutic use.

The emerging significance of furan fatty acids (FuFAs) is explored at the intersection of food, chemistry, nutrition, and therapeutics. FuFAs, with a distinctive furan ring incorporated into fatty acyl chains, are minor yet bioactive constituents of dietary lipids known for their unique chemical properties. This review examines FuFA biosynthesis in various organisms, highlighting their occurrence in food products.

Nonfatal hospital-treated pediatric and adolescent burn cases in the United States: A 2019-2022 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System analysis.

Burn injuries experienced by infants, children, and adolescents are prevalent and costly-psychologically, physically, and economically. Previous studies have acknowledged the dangers of pediatric burns; however, the literature was missing a thorough portrayal of the contemporary pediatric and adolescent burns landscape in the United States. The current study used 2019-2022 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data to describe nonfatal pediatric and adolescent burn cases, including prevalence, burn type, body parts affected, product involvement, and differences by age and sex.

AI Enhanced explainable early prediction of blood culture positivity in neutropenic patients using clinical and hematologic parameters.

Leukemia patients who receive chemotherapy experience a decline in neutrophils and an increased risk of infections. Neutropenic sepsis is a life-threatening condition and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Patients with neutropenic sepsis are generally treated with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics (BSA) as a first-line medication that destroys common causative organisms but may either miss the true pathogen or be overly broad leading to an increased risk of development of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR).

Automated detection of arrhythmias using a novel interpretable feature set extracted from 12-lead electrocardiogram.

The availability of large-scale electrocardiogram (ECG) databases and advancements in machine learning have facilitated the development of automated diagnostic systems for cardiac arrhythmias. Deep learning models, despite their potential for high accuracy, have had limited clinical adoption due to their inherent lack of interpretability. This study bridges this gap by proposing a feature-based approach that maintains comparable performance to deep learning while providing enhanced interpretability for clinical utility.

CD105 blockade restores osimertinib sensitivity in drug-resistant EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Aim: To investigate the role of CD105 in mediating drug resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Imaging mass cytometry was conducted on 66 NSCLC tumors, 44 of which had EGFR mutations. We correlated clinical variables, including overall survival, with CD105 (endoglin) expression, a co-receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.

Racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access disparities in achieving textbook oncologic outcome in advanced ovarian cancer.

Objective: Textbook Oncologic Outcome (TOO) is a composite measure that strongly predicts survival after surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC), regardless of approach: primary (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS). We aimed to identify risk factors associated with failure to achieve TOO and to receive standard treatment (surgery and chemotherapy) for AEOC.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with AEOC between 2008 and 2019 were identified using the National Cancer Database.

Frequency, correlates and outcomes of Benzodiazepine use during Cariprazine treatment: A pooled post-hoc analysis from four 6-week, placebo-controlled trials in patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.

Given the frequent prescription of benzodiazepines (BZDs) as adjunctive treatment to antipsychotics, this study aimed to uncover how BZD use affects treatment outcomes with cariprazine (CAR). This post-hoc analysis used pooled data from four placebo-controlled trials in patients with acute schizophrenia. Efficacy evaluations involved changes from baseline to Week 6 on PANSS Total Score, Marder Positive Factor Score, Excitement Component Subscale Score, and Marder Anxiety Single Item Score.

Intravenous dexmedetomidine use in obstetric anesthesia: a focused review.

Dexmedetomidine is an alpha- adrenergic receptor agonist with analgesic properties. Dexmedetomidine is currently U.S.

Multidisciplinary assessment of the impact of assisted reproductive techniques on pregnancy and long-term outcomes of mother and child: Foundation of the LE-REP (Leipzig Reproductive Health) Center.

About 8-10 % of all people of reproductive age are unable to conceive children. In recent years, an increased number of consultations for fertility treatments has been observed with a continuing positive trend. It is known that infertility itself and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are frequently associated with recurrent miscarriages, pregnancy complications or psychosocial problems.

Environmental DNA as a tool for detecting illegal wildlife trade.

The illegal wildlife trade presents significant challenges to wildlife conservation due to its large impact on population and species persistence. Forensic technology plays an important role in detecting and prosecuting such trade but has lagged human forensics where trace genetic evidence is important in conviction or exoneration. At present, most genetic applications in wildlife forensics focus on identification of taxa or populations via tissue samples or visible trace material (e.

The opioid epidemic in rural communities: Can telehealth increase access to medications for opioid use disorder and offset barriers to care?

Background: Substance and opioid use disorder (SUD/OUD) treatment remains limited in rural communities. This paper examines rural telehealth use, its impact on medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) provision, and issues that require attention for sustainment.

Methods: Ninety-two project directors of the Rural Communities Opioid Response Program's (RCORP) consortia provided required data on service areas, service delivery, and grant performance.

Intracranial meningioma with intratumoral hemorrhage: A systematic review of associated features and outcomes.

Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) is a rare clinical entity associated with gliomas and rarely with meningiomas. The hemorrhage risk of ITH in meningiomas remains poorly described. Literature suggests that patient age, tumor location, and histology may play some role.

Accelerated molecular aging in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods: A racial/ethnic comparison.

In the US, racial/ethnic health disparities are undeniable. These disparities partially stem from residing in low socioeconomic neighborhoods, a circumstance to which racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately exposed. Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and health may have some underlying molecular mechanisms reflected in the epigenome.

Relationship between gait asymmetry and time since amputation in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation.

Although time since amputation (TSAmp) is recognized as a primary factor influencing the walking ability of individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation (uTFA), the specific effects of TSAmp on gait asymmetry remain insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to clarify whether gait asymmetry decrease with longer TSAmp across a range of walking speeds. Thirty individuals with uTFA, classified as K-3 and K-4 functional levels, participated in this study.

Common marmoset: An emerging non-human primate model for translational applications in brain disorders.

One of the fundamental challenges for modern neuroscience has been to translate discoveries from model organisms into effective therapeutics for human brain disorders. This challenge partly arises from the structural and functional differences between rodent and human brains [1]. To bridge this gap, non-human primates (NHPs) can be used as an intermediate step because of their genetic, physiological, and behavioral similarities to humans.

Dietary patterns derived using reduced rank regression in postmenopausal women and risk of mortality: A population-based study.

Objectives: The menopause transition increases the risk of chronic conditions in women. Given the crucial role of diet in health, we identified dietary patterns that explain variations in factors related to major health concerns in postmenopausal women. Also, we explored their association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Insights into nutrients recovery from food waste liquid Digestate: A critical review and systematic analysis.

This review paper presents a critical analysis of global research on the liquid fraction of food waste (FW) digestate. The study found that research on FW liquid fraction management accounted for 43% of the literature, followed by treatment methods (26%) and physical-chemical characterization (22%). By 2023, China led in scientific production on FW liquid fraction, contributing 46%, followed by Poland with 10% and the USA with 8%.

Confidence and knowledge of Brazilian physiotherapists and physiotherapy students in managing patellofemoral pain.

Background: Previous research has explored clinicians' knowledge and confidence in managing patellofemoral pain (PFP), highlighting gaps in alignment with current evidence. However, there is limited research on Brazilian clinicians and physiotherapy students in this context.

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and confidence of Brazilian physiotherapists and physiotherapy students in managing PFP and identify barriers to accessing scientific resources.

Chitosan has the potential to improve water quality without negative effects on the coral, Porites lobata.

Coral reefs off the coast of West Maui in Hawai'i are frequently subjected to highly turbid water, caused in part by terrigenous sediment inputs from stream gulches after rain events. Sediment has numerous deleterious consequences on scleractinian corals, including impacts on growth and survival. The finalized West Maui Watershed Management Plan includes recommendations to reduce sources and conveyance of land-based pollution to increase resiliency of coral reefs.

Unraveling lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral and molecular effects in Lymnaea stagnalis, an emerging model organism for translational neuroscience.

In this study, we employed a reductionist (yet not simplistic) approach utilizing the established invertebrate model system of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, to investigate the behavioral and molecular effects of systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-a bacterial endotoxin-on the snails' central ring ganglia. Snails received injections of either a low dose (2.5 μg) or a high dose (25 μg) of LPS, and their behavioral and molecular responses were assessed at 2, 6, and 24 h post-injection.

Exploring the revolutionary potential of MXene nanoparticles in breast Cancer therapy: A review of applications and future prospects.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for successful treatment and improving patient outcomes. Nanoparticles, such as MXenes, have emerged as a promising tool for various breast cancer applications due to their unique properties.

Cardiotoxicity of breast cancer drug treatments.

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. BC is regarded as a systemic disease. Consequently, the majority of BC patients undergo systemic therapy to reduce the risk of distant metastasis (DM) and associated mortality.

ChatGPT vs. Gemini: Comparative accuracy and efficiency in Lung-RADS score assignment from radiology reports.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in generating Lung-RADS scores based on lung cancer screening low-dose computed tomography radiology reports.

Material And Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed on 242 consecutive LDCT radiology reports generated by cardiothoracic fellowship-trained radiologists at a tertiary center. LLMs evaluated included ChatGPT-3.

Engagement of neural systems varies with level of executive function during late childhood: Evidence from a structural equation modeling approach to data from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study.

The present study utilized structural equation models to investigate the association between brain activation and level of executive function in participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study at the baseline assessment and the two-year follow-up. The results indicated that increasing levels of a latent factor reflecting activation across multiple regions of the frontoparietal network (FPN) for the contrast of a 2 vs. 0 back condition in the emotional N-back task were significantly associated with higher levels of a latent factor of common executive functioning (cEF) drawn from a variety of behavioral measures, while the opposite was true for a latent factor of activation drawn from somatomotor regions.