Larvicide-mediated oviposition and ovicidal activity among treehole and container-inhabiting mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species.

Larval application of insecticides (larviciding) is primarily conducted using a variety of biorational compounds as an essential function within integrated mosquito management. Larvicide-treated water has been sporadically investigated for deterring oviposition, but prior efforts have been primarily focused on Aedes aegypti (L.) with limited representation by other peridomestic or treehole species.

Methoprene resistance in field Aedes taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Indian River County, Florida.

Methoprene has been employed to manage salt marsh mosquitoes, specifically Aedes taeniorhynchus, in the Indian River Mosquito Control District (IRMCD) since the mid-1970s. However, due to reduced effectiveness and significant increase in resistance among Ae. taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) to methoprene products, the use of methoprene for mosquito control in the IRMCD ceased in 2009.

Deterministic, stochastic and fractional mathematical approaches applied to AMR.

In this work, we study the qualitative properties of a simple mathematical model that can be applied to the reversal of antimicrobial resistance. In particular, we analyze the model from three perspectives: ordinary differential equations (ODEs), stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Brownian motion, and fractional differential equations (FDEs) with Caputo temporal derivatives. Finally, we address the case of Escherichia coli exposed to colistin using parameters from the literature in order to assess the validity of the qualitative properties of the model.

Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality.

Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent the spread of diseases. However, hesitancy and rejection of vaccines, particularly in childhood immunizations, pose challenges to vaccination efforts. In that case, according to rational decision-making and classical utility theory, parents weigh the costs of vaccination against the costs of not vaccinating their children.

An exploration of modeling approaches for capturing seasonal transmission in stochastic epidemic models.

Seasonal variations in the incidence of infectious diseases are a well-established phenomenon, driven by factors such as climate changes, social behaviors, and ecological interactions that influence host susceptibility and transmission rates. While seasonality plays a significant role in shaping epidemiological dynamics, it is often overlooked in both empirical and theoretical studies. Incorporating seasonal parameters into mathematical models of infectious diseases is crucial for accurately capturing disease dynamics, enhancing the predictive power of these models, and developing successful control strategies.

Using asymptotics for efficient stability determination in epidemiological models.

Local stability analysis is an important tool in the study of dynamical systems. When the goal is to determine the effect of parameter values on stability, it is necessary to perform the analysis without explicit parameter values. For systems with three components, the usual method of finding the characteristic polynomial as $ \det(J-\lambda I) $ and applying the Routh-Hurwitz conditions is reasonably efficient.

Incorporating changeable attitudes toward vaccination into compartment models for infectious diseases.

We develop a mechanistic model that classifies individuals both in terms of epidemiological status (SIR) and vaccination attitude (Willing or Unwilling/Unable), with the goal of discovering how disease spread is influenced by changing opinions about vaccination. Analysis of the model identifies the existence and stability criteria for both disease-free and endemic disease equilibria. The analytical results, supported by numerical simulations, show that attitude changes induced by disease prevalence can destabilize endemic disease equilibria, resulting in limit cycles.

Dynamics of Mpox in an HIV endemic community: A mathematical modelling approach.

During the 2022 monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak in non-endemic countries, sexual transmission was identified as the dominant mode of transmission, and particularly affected the community of men who have sex with men (MSM). This community experienced the highest incidence of Mpox cases, exacerbating the public health burden they already face due to the disproportionate impact of HIV. Given the simultaneous spread of HIV and Mpox within the MSM community, it is crucial to understand how these diseases interact.

Model-Informed Drug Development Applications and Opportunities in mRNA-LNP Therapeutics.

The utilization of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for encapsulating mRNA has revolutionized the field of therapeutics, enabling the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines and cancer vaccines. However, the clinical development of mRNA-LNP therapeutics faces numerous challenges due to their complex mechanisms of action and limited clinical experience. To overcome these hurdles, Model-Informed Drug Development (MIDD) emerges as a valuable tool that can be applied to mRNA-LNP therapeutics, facilitating the evaluation of their safety and efficacy through the integration of data from all stages into appropriate modeling and simulation techniques.

Determining the best mathematical model for implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

At the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in early 2020, only non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were available to stem the spread of the infection. Much of the early interventions in the US were applied at a state level, with varying levels of strictness and compliance. While NPIs clearly slowed the rate of transmission, it is not clear how these changes are best incorporated into epidemiological models.

Two species competition with a "non-smooth" Allee mechanism: applications to soybean aphid population dynamics under climate change.

The soybean aphid () is an invasive insect pest that continues to cause large-scale damage to soybean crops in the North Central United States. Recent empirical evidence points to differential fitness in the pestiferous aphid biotypes under abiotic stresses such as flooding. As climate change predicts increased flooding in the North Central United States, mathematical models that incorporate such factors are required to better inform pest management strategies.

Brain functional connectivity changes on fMRI in patients with chronic pelvic pain treated with the Neuro Emotional Technique: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a substantial clinical challenge that profoundly impacts quality of life for many women. The Neuro Emotional Technique (NET) is a novel mind-body intervention designed to attenuate emotional arousal of distressing thoughts and pain. This study evaluated functional connectivity changes in key areas of the brain in patients with chronic pelvic pain receiving the NET intervention.

Surgical resection is an effective adjunct to the management of an advanced metastatic osteosarcoma.

Cardiac involvement of metastatic osteosarcoma is exceedingly rare and carries a dismal prognosis. Documentation of the surgical management of cardiac metastatic osteosarcoma is limited. We describe the successful resection of a ∼ 3.

CIB2 function is distinct from Whirlin in the development of cochlear stereocilia staircase pattern.

Humans and mice with mutations in genes encoding CIB2 and whirlin (WHRN) are deaf. We previously reported that CIB2 binds to WHRN and is essential for stereocilia staircase architecture of cochlear hair cells. Here, we refine the interaction domains of both proteins and show that these proteins play unique roles in stereocilia bundle formation and organization.

Primary Care Providers' Perspectives on Pediatric Dermatology Care in a Rural, Underserved Region of California.

This study aims to assess perspectives on pediatric dermatology care in an underserved, rural region of California using semi-structured interviews with 13 PCPs with experience in the Central Valley of California. Most participants reported a high need for pediatric dermatologists in this rural region and had differing strategies for addressing gaps resulting from this workforce shortage. Participants also noted numerous barriers and challenges facing patient families, including lack of adequate transportation, language barriers, knowledge gaps, and financial burden.

Enrollee, Plan, and State Characteristics Associated With Experience of Care Among Adults in Medicaid Managed Care.

Objective: To examine five enrollee-reported experience of care metrics and assess enrollee, plan, and state characteristics associated with higher care ratings.

Study Setting And Design: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using multivariable linear probability models and predictors that captured various enrollee, plan, and state characteristics. We evaluated five enrollee-reported experience of care measures: being "always or usually" easy to get needed care (yes/no), having a personal doctor (yes/no), having timely access to a checkup or routine care (yes/no), having timely access to specialty care (yes/no), and healthcare rating (0-10).

Heuristic Evaluations of Back-Support, Shoulder-Support, Handgrip-Strength Support, and Sit-Stand-Support Exoskeletons Using Universal Design Principles.

Occupational ApplicationsOur study evaluated four occupational exoskeletons using universal design principles, and we found that the exoskeleton design needs improvement to achieve equitable use by diverse worker sets (including disabled, older, and women workers). Assembling exoskeletons for use, donning and doffing wearable devices, and disassembling them can all be difficult because of the strength, dexterity, reach, and balance requirements of users. Workers with disabilities are likely to require additional support from another person to assemble or use these devices.

Meta-regression of the relationship between dietary 18C n-3 concentration and enrichment of n-3 fatty acids in liver and breast muscle of broiler chickens.

The long-chain n-3 fatty acids (FA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have human health benefits, and many experiments have investigated the ability of plant n-3 sources to enrich n-3 FA in broiler meat. A meta-regression was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dietary 18-carbon n-3 FA content and the deposition of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and DHA in broiler breast and liver tissue. Bivariate regression of total diet 18-carbon n-3 and tissue FA profile was modeled with the random effect of experiment and the partial R was calculated.

Faecal Cytolysin is Associated With Worse Survival in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Background And Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an immune-related cholangiopathy without treatment options beyond liver transplantation. The gut-liver axis, especially the role of gut microbes, has emerged as a crucial pathway contributing to PSC pathogenesis. Recent research has revealed Enterococcus (E.

A Win Win Opportunity? A Model Health and Wellness Coaching Program to Support Employee Health and Student Experience.

PurposeThe National Board of Health and Wellness Coaches (NBHWC) requires 50 practice sessions for board exam eligibility, which can be challenging for students. The purpose of this report is to present a supervised practicum model to meet this need while supporting an employee health program.DesignMixed Methods Observational.

Advance Care Planning in the Inpatient Setting: The Role of the Hospitalist.

Advance care planning (ACP) is critical to patient-centered health care, particularly in hospital settings where acute and end-of-life decisions often occur. As frontline providers, hospitalists are uniquely positioned to initiate and guide ACP discussions. This article explores the role of hospitalists in ACP, identifies barriers to its implementation, and highlights strategies to overcome these challenges.

Escape from TGF-β-induced senescence promotes aggressive hallmarks in epithelial hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and cellular senescence are key hallmarks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis. Despite provoking senescence-associated growth arrest in epithelial HCC cells, elevated TGF-β activity paradoxically correlates with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis in advanced tumors. Whether the transition between these dichotomous functions involves modulation of the senescence phenotype during disease progression remains elusive.

Early signs of neuron autonomous and non-autonomous hyperexcitability in locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons of a mouse model of tauopathy and Alzheimer's disease.

Aim: The locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the earliest brain regions affected by phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using the P301S mouse model, we investigated the temporal progression of tau pathology and its functional consequences.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess p-tau deposition in LC noradrenergic neurons at 2-3 and 5-6 months.