Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analog Screening Using ASAP-MS With LiveID Confirmation.

Rationale: Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs continue to pose a serious threat to the public health. The vast number of fentanyl analogs emerging on the black-market call for optimized analytical methods for the detection, analysis, and characterization of these extremely dangerous drugs.

Methods: Atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP) mass spectrometry was used for the rapid analysis of 250 synthetic opioid standards, including 211 fentanyl analogs, 32 non-fentanyl related opioids, and 8 fentanyl precursors.

What Next for the Science of Patient Preference? Interoperability, Standardization, and Transferability.

Using patient preference information (PPI) to incorporate patient voices into the drug development lifecycle can help align therapies with the needs and values of patients. However, several barriers have limited the use of PPI, including a lack of clarity on its use by decision-makers, a need for greater decision-maker trust in PPI, and a lack of time, budgets, and access to specialist expertise. The value proposition for PPI could be enhanced by making it FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.

Assessing Preferences of Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria for Injectable Treatment Profiles.

Background: In the context of injectable biologic products approved or in development for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), it is important to capture which treatment attributes matter most to patient and what trade-offs patients are willing to make.

Objectives: The CHOICE-CSU study aimed to quantify patient preferences toward injectable treatment attributes among patients with CSU, inadequately controlled by H1-antihistamines.

Methods: This was a two-phase cross-sectional patient preference study in adult patients with a diagnosis of CSU, inadequately controlled by H1-antihistamines.

Antiretroviral Use for HIV Prevention During Pregnancy: The Need to Strengthen Regulatory and Surveillance Systems in Africa.

HIV-prevention efforts focusing on women of child-bearing potential are needed to end the HIV epidemic in the African region. The use of antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a critical HIV prevention tool. However, safety data on new antiretrovirals during pregnancy are often limited because pregnant people are excluded from drug development studies.

Race and Ethnicity as Factors in Healthcare Discrimination in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Purpose: Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on certain characteristics. Discrimination in health care can impede access to quality care for patients and lead to poor health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate factors, including race and ethnicity, associated with discrimination in health care in the United States.

In this current wildfire crisis, acknowledge widespread suffering.

With climate change causing more extreme weather events globally, climate scientists have argued that societies have three options: mitigation, adaptation or suffering. In recent years, devastating wildfires have caused significant suffering, yet the extent of this suffering has not been defined. To encapsulate this suffering, we determined impacts and effects of extreme wildfires through two systematic literature reviews.

Leukocytosis in Cushing's syndrome persists post-surgical remission and could predict a lower remission prognosis in patients with Cushing's disease.

Context: Leukocytosis frequently noted in Cushing's syndrome (CS), along with other blood cell changes caused by direct and indirect cortisol effects.

Objective: Assess baseline white blood cell (WBC) profile in CS patients compared to controls and WBC changes pre- and post-remission after surgical treatment for CS.

Design: A comparative nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Low-cost interventions to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening among emergency department patients: Results of a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is preventable. CC screening decreases CC mortality. Emergency department (ED) patients are at disproportionately high risk for nonadherence with CC screening recommendations.

An Automated Tool for Glycosimilarity Assessment of mAb Therapeutic Biosimilars: Trastuzumab and Bevacizumab as Case Studies.

Background: With the expiration of patents for multiple biotherapeutics, biosimilars are gaining traction globally as cost-effective alternatives to the original products. Glycosylation, a critical quality attribute, makes glycosimilarity assessment pivotal for biosimilar development. Given the complexity of glycoanalytical profiles, assessing glycosimilarity is nontrivial.

Can surgeons trust AI? Perspectives on machine learning in surgery and the importance of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).

Purpose: This brief report aims to summarize and discuss the methodologies of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and their potential applications in surgery.

Methods: We briefly introduce explainability methods, including global and individual explanatory features, methods for imaging data and time series, as well as similarity classification, and unraveled rules and laws.

Results: Given the increasing interest in artificial intelligence within the surgical field, we emphasize the critical importance of transparency and interpretability in the outputs of applied models.

Half-Covered 'Glitter-Cake' AM@SE Composite: A Novel Electrode Design for High Energy Density All-Solid-State Batteries.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are pursued due to their potential for better safety and high energy density. However, the energy density of the cathode for ASSBs does not seem to be satisfactory due to the low utilization of active materials (AMs) at high loading. With small amount of solid electrolyte (SE) powder in the cathode, poor electrochemical performance is often observed due to contact loss and non-homogeneous distribution of AMs and SEs, leading to high tortuosity and limitation of lithium and electron transport pathways.

Assessment of Reperfusion Efficacy of Altelyse Versus Actilyse in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and fibrinolytic or thrombolytic therapy are common treatments for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more effective than thrombolytic therapy, but fibrinolytic therapy is still a preferable option for patients with limited access to healthcare. Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used to treat acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism.

The epidemiology of alcohol involved facial injuries.

Purpose: Alcohol use has been shown to affect injury patterns and risk of trauma. This study aims to characterize the epidemiologic characteristics of alcohol involved facial injuries presenting to US emergency departments.

Methods: This study reports a cross-sectional analysis of patients with facial injuries within the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).

Methodologies and characteristics of studies investigating the cost of the palliative phase of cancer: a systematic review.

Purpose: Improvements in the treatment of advanced cancer have increased life expectancy but have also increased the costs to healthcare systems, patients and their families. A systematic review is needed to summarize research work on the cost of cancer. The primary objective was to describe the characteristics and methodology of studies investigating the cost of cancer during the palliative phase.

Preoperative MRI to Predict Upstaging of DCIS to Invasive Cancer at Surgery.

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is overtreated, in part because of inability to predict which DCIS cases diagnosed at core needle biopsy (CNB) will be upstaged at excision. This study aimed to determine whether quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features can identify DCIS at risk of upstaging to invasive cancer.

Methods: This prospective observational clinical trial analyzed women with a diagnosis of DCIS on CNB.

Navigating barriers and embracing facilitators of connection: insights from peer recovery specialists working with individuals with substance use disorder and criminal justice involvement: a qualitative analysis.

Background: Substance use disorder affects over half of incarcerated individuals, with 23% experiencing opioid use disorder specifically. Addressing opioid use disorder in jails is crucial due to its association with increased recidivism and overdose. This study investigates the experiences of peer recovery specialists working with individuals with opioid use disorder and criminal justice involvement, focusing on barriers and facilitators to client connections.

The prevalence of postpartum depression among women with physical disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Pregnant and postpartum mothers with physical disabilities face discrimination in healthcare settings and high rates of maternal and obstetric complications, as well as having higher rates of lifetime depression prior to pregnancy, potentially increasing their likelihood of experiencing postpartum depression (PPD). Some studies have found higher rates of PPD in mothers with physical disabilities than in mothers without physical disabilities, with more disabling symptoms associated with worse PPD systems; however, the literature is sparse and heterogenous. This systematic review and meta-analysis advanced this area of study by evaluating the strength of the association between PPD and physical disability.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Assessing the Impact of Improved Cookstove Technology Trials (ICTs) on Household Air Pollution and Human Health in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose Of Review: A major contributor to household air pollution (HAP) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is unclean cooking fuel. Improved cookstove technology (ICT) interventions have been promoted as a solution, but their impacts on health are unclear. Our aim is to conduct a systematic review to explore the impacts of ICT interventions on health outcomes in SSA.

Expression profile analysis of estrous-phased ovarian tissue of high and low prolific lines of inbred Swiss albino mice.

Background: Litter size in mice is an important fitness and economic feature that is controlled by several genes and influenced by non-genetic factors too. High positive selection pressure in each generation for Litter size at birth (LSB), resulted in the development of high and low prolific lines of inbred Swiss albino mice (SAM). Despite uniform management conditions, these lines showed variability in LSB across the generation.

Skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices among beachgoers: a narrative review.

People who spend time at the beach at increased risk for ultraviolet light (UV) exposure. This review assessed skin cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices among beachgoers and sunbathers at the beach. Relevant articles were search in the following electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), ERIC, and PsycINFO.