Disparities in Trauma Care for Latino Patients: An Analysis by Trauma Center Verification Level.

Introduction Trauma is the leading cause of death for individuals under 45 in the United States (US), with significant disparities in outcomes among minority groups. Latinos, the largest ethnic minority in the US, often face barriers to optimal trauma care that may require additional resources. This study aimed to compare trauma outcomes for Latino patients treated at Level I versus Level II/III trauma centers (TCs).

High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Presenting With Massive Pleural Effusion in the Absence of Ascites: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Pleural effusion as an initial presentation of malignancy poses significant diagnostic challenges, particularly when linked to gynecologic cancers. We discuss the case of a 53-year-old female who presented with progressive dyspnea and a massive right-sided pleural effusion. Cytological analysis of the pleural fluid revealed malignant cells and immunohistochemical staining confirmed high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of ovarian origin.

Awake Craniotomy in Neurosurgery: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most-Cited Articles and Review of Technological Advancements.

Awake craniotomy (AC) is a critical neurosurgical technique for maximizing tumor resection in eloquent brain regions while preserving essential neurological functions like speech and motor control. Despite its widespread adoption, no prior bibliometric analysis has evaluated the most influential research in this field. This study analyzed the top 100 most-cited articles on AC to identify key trends, influential works, and authorship demographics.

Advancements in AI Medical Education: Assessing ChatGPT's Performance on USMLE-Style Questions Across Topics and Difficulty Levels.

Background  AI language models have been shown to achieve a passing score on certain imageless diagnostic tests of the USMLE. However, they have failed certain specialty-specific examinations. This suggests there may be a difference in AI ability by medical topic or question difficulty.

Markedly T2-Hypointense Clival Plasmacytoma With Light Chain Deposition Disease: A Case Report.

Plasmacytomas are rare monoclonal neoplastic plasma cell proliferations in soft tissue or bone, with clival plasmacytomas being extremely rare and occasionally presenting with light chain deposition disease (LCDD). While imaging findings for clival plasmacytomas have shown variable T2 signal characteristics, complete T2 signal loss has not been previously reported. We present a case of a 61-year-old female found to have a 1.

Surgical Complication of Omental Infarction in Ulcerative Colitis Following Laparoscopic Colectomy.

Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen, often mimicking more common abdominal emergencies such as appendicitis and cholecystitis, presenting significant diagnostic challenges. A 47-year-old male with a history of ulcerative colitis underwent laparoscopic total colectomy with end ileostomy. Postoperatively, he developed severe abdominal pain, chills, nausea, and increased abdominal distension.

Effective Use of a Combined Video Laryngoscope and Bronchoscope System in the Emergency Department for a Patient With Severe Upper Airway Obstruction Due to Angioedema: A Case Report.

Management of difficult airways in the emergency department is challenging. Herein, we report a case of successful management of severe upper airway obstruction caused by angioedema, where intubation was achieved using a dual-function video laryngoscope and bronchoscope system in the emergency department for a patient with severe upper airway stenosis due to angioedema. A 74-year-old obese man with dyspnea presented to our emergency department.

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2) Deficiency in a Patient With Recurrent Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that prevents the body from using long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) for energy. We report a case of a 40-year-old male with a recent episode of rhabdomyolysis triggered by an illness. His liver function tests (LFTs) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were markedly elevated.

Combined Naviculocuneiform and Calcaneocuboid Dislocation After Low-Energy Blunt Trauma: A Case Report.

We present a case of a unique midfoot injury pattern including dislocations of the calcaneocuboid and naviculocuneiform joints with associated calcaneus and navicular fractures after low-energy injury. This combination of injuries is rare, especially with a low-energy mechanism. There are no current treatment guidelines.

Severe Respiratory Distress From Subcutaneous Emphysema After Tracheocutaneous Fistula Repair: A Case Report.

Subcutaneous emphysema results from air or gas being forced into the fascial spaces of subcutaneous tissue. Once the air or gas has entered the fascial spaces, it travels along connective tissue causing a mass effect and swelling. This rare complication usually presents with mild severity during the immediate postoperative period following surgical procedures of the head or neck regions and self-resolves with conservative treatment.

Incidental Diagnosis of Occult Maternal Malignancy With Routine Noninvasive Prenatal Testing During Pregnancy.

The noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) for genetic screening has been adopted globally as an alternative to first-trimester and quad screening due to its high sensitivity and specificity. NIPT involves detecting and processing foreign fetal DNA in maternal circulation to screen for fetal aneuploidy. An incidental consequence of this process is the detection of foreign tumor cell DNA in maternal circulation in otherwise asymptomatic patients.

Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: and studies.

Objectives: For designing a suitable hydrogel, two crosslinked Alginate/ Carboxymethyl cellulose (Alg/CMC) hydrogel, using calcium chloride (Ca) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinking agents were synthesized and compared.

Materials And Methods: All samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Blood compatibility (BC), Blood clotting index (BCI), weight loss (WL), water absorption (WA), pH, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Cell viability and cell migration were investigated using the MTT assay and the wound scratch test, respectively.

Aggregation-induced emission in novel multilayered 3D polymers: development of a fluorescent probe for selective metal ion detection.

This study presents the characterization of a novel multilayered three-dimensional (3D) polymer exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties when excited at a low wavelength of 280 nm. Utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the polymer displays a marked enhancement in luminescence upon aggregation, a characteristic behavior that distinguishes AIE-active materials from conventional fluorophores. Furthermore, we explore the potential application of this multilayered 3D polymer as a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of specified metal ions.

Improving the solubility of pseudo-hydrophobic chemicals through co-crystal formulation.

Natural products are ligands and in vitro inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tau. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) bears chemical similarity to known natural product tau inhibitors. Despite having signature polyphenolic character, DHM is ostensibly hydrophobic owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that shield hydrophilic phenols.

Flexible inference in heterogeneous and attributed multilayer networks.

Networked datasets can be enriched by different types of information about individual nodes or edges. However, most existing methods for analyzing such datasets struggle to handle the complexity of heterogeneous data, often requiring substantial model-specific analysis. In this article, we develop a probabilistic generative model to perform inference in multilayer networks with arbitrary types of information.

Automated post-run analysis of arrayed quantitative PCR amplification curves using machine learning.

Background: The TaqMan Array Card (TAC) is an arrayed, high-throughput qPCR platform that can simultaneously detect multiple targets in a single reaction. However, the manual post-run analysis of TAC data is time consuming and subject to interpretation. We sought to automate the post-run analysis of TAC data using machine learning models.

Hepatic Biomarker Abnormalities in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Proposed Criteria for Cardiohepatic Syndrome.

Background: Liver synthetic dysfunction predicts outcomes in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between the severity and extent of admission liver function test (LFT) abnormalities and mortality in a mixed CICU population.

Methods: This historical cohort study included unique CICU patients from 2007 to 2018 with available data for admission LFT values.

The persistence of very low correlations between NIH research funding and disease burdens.

Objectives: The degree to which the allocation of disease-specific research funding by the NIH is proportional to disease burden is an important question. This study examined the historical relationship between NIH funding allocation and disease burden for a variety of medical conditions.

Study Design: Coefficients of relatedness for the linear relationships between funding and disease burden for 27 medical conditions over a period exceeding twenty years were calculated.

Injectable thermosensitive antibiotic-laden chitosan hydrogel for regenerative endodontics.

Injectable biomaterials, such as thermosensitive chitosan (CH)-based hydrogels, present a highly translational potential in dentistry due to their minimally invasive application, adaptability to irregular defects/shapes, and ability to carry therapeutic drugs. This work explores the incorporation of azithromycin (AZI) into thermosensitive CH hydrogels for use as an intracanal medication in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). The morphological and chemical characteristics of the hydrogel were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Ethnic and racial differences in children and young people with respiratory and neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: an electronic health record-based cohort study from the RECOVER Initiative.

Background: Children from racial and ethnic minority groups are at greater risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether they have increased risk for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Our objectives were to assess whether the risk of respiratory and neurologic PASC differs by race/ethnicity and social drivers of health.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals <21 years seeking care at 24 health systems across the U.

Rate and Timing of Progression to Total Knee Arthroplasty After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients With Systemic Inflammatory Disease: A Long-term Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures and one of the most well studied. Despite extensive research dedicated to ACLR, there is limited understanding of how chronic inflammatory systemic diseases (CIDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus affect outcomes.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of ACLR in cohorts of patients with and without CID.

Effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in patients with colorectal cancer: an overview of systematic reviews.

Objective: To evaluate existing evidence from published systematic reviews for the effectiveness and safety of rehabilitation interventions in adult patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using medical/health science databases up to October 2024. Bibliographies of pertinent articles, journals, and grey literature were searched.

Trochlear Morphological Changes in Skeletally Immature Patients Across Consecutive MRI Studies.

Background: Trochlear dysplasia is a consistent risk factor for recurrent patellofemoral instability (PFI), but there is limited understanding of how the trochlea develops during growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed in skeletally immature patients with and without PFI to characterize changes in trochlear anatomy over time.

Hypothesis: PFI leads to progressive worsening of trochlear dysplasia over time.

Ben Weinstein, MD (1913-1974) and his enduring impact on the history of medicine experience in medical school.

The history of medicine as a component of the medical school curriculum has been a long-standing subject of debate and controversy. Ultimately, local factors may determine this experience and be aligned with or outside of the curriculum. The opportunity at Tulane University School of Medicine is long-standing and successful.