Peak alpha frequency is related to the degree of widespread pain, but not pain intensity or duration, among people with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Introduction: Effective prevention and management strategies for chronic pain remain elusive. This has prompted investigations into biomarkers to better understand the mechanisms underlying pain development and persistence. One promising marker is low peak alpha frequency (PAF), an electroencephalography (EEG) measure that has been associated with increased sensitivity during acute experimental pain.

The role of cerebrovascular reactivity on brain activation during a working memory task in type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is common in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and is a risk factor for dementia. However, most prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in T2D disregarded the impact of impaired CVR on brain activation patterns. This study investigated the relationship between CVR and brain activation during an fMRI task in T2D patients.

Foundation models in bioinformatics.

With the adoption of foundation models (FMs), artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly significant in bioinformatics and has successfully addressed many historical challenges, such as pre-training frameworks, model evaluation and interpretability. FMs demonstrate notable proficiency in managing large-scale, unlabeled datasets, because experimental procedures are costly and labor intensive. In various downstream tasks, FMs have consistently achieved noteworthy results, demonstrating high levels of accuracy in representing biological entities.

Countercontrol and Associated Challenges in Residential Treatment.

B. F. Skinner described countercontrol as a response to socially mediated aversive consequences that is primarily reinforced through negative reinforcement (i.

The Compound Multiple-Baseline Design.

The multiple-baseline design is a predominant experimental design in applied behavior-analytic research. Despite its strengths, when baseline lengths are assigned a priori, it is possible that the independent variable may be implemented when baseline data are trending in the same direction that is anticipated for positive treatment outcomes, thus threatening experimental control. A partial solution to this problem is to modify the traditional multiple-baseline design and stagger baselines across more than one dimension (e.

Behavioral Measurement as Centerpiece.

Hank Pennypacker's interest in behavioral measurement began early in his career and gradually became the centerpiece of his diverse accomplishments. A review of his focus in the 1960s is followed by a brief summary of the evolution of behavioral measurement practices in applied behavior analysis as it emerged from the field's laboratory history. This examination serves as pretext for a discussion of the contributions of (Johnston & Pennypacker, 1980), (Johnston & Pennypacker, 1993a, 2009), and Johnston et al.

Henry S. Pennypacker's Contributions to Breast Cancer Detection: Developing a Behavioral Technology to Improve Breast Self-Exam Skills.

Starting in the early 1970s, Henry S. Pennypacker and collaborators developed and validated a technology for assessing and training breast self-exam (BSE) skills that was eventually commercialized and widely disseminated. This article provides a brief synopsis of Pennypacker's research and highlights the connections among BSE, stimulus discrimination training, and signal detection theory.

From Percentages to Precision: Using Response Rates to Advance Analyses of Procedural Fidelity.

Unlabelled: In some domains of behavior analysis, summarizing data as a percentage is nearly ubiquitous. This is certainly the case when behavior analysts report data about procedural fidelity (the extent to which procedures are implemented as designed); fidelity data were reported solely as percentage in 423 of 425 recent studies published in the . In this article, we critically examine the use of percentage, especially in the context of analyzing procedural-fidelity data.

Levels of Replication.

In behavior analysis, replication is one of the most fundamental strategies used to establish generality of results. However, replication is not restricted to just repeating an experiment, whether directly or systematically. Replication is also a defining component of many procedures used in individual experiments in behavior analysis.

Re-Engineering the Educational System: Technology Transfer from a Behavioral Perspective.

Access to quality education is a fundamental human right, deeply connected to an individual's overall well-being and quality of life. This article explores how effectively transferring behavior-analytic principles can improve educational outcomes and re-engineer educational systems. Drawing on Dr.

The Need to Distinguish between "Lapse" and "Relapse".

Over the last decade, behavior analysts have become increasingly interested in relapse and have used the term to describe the reemergence of problem behavior following successful reductions achieved during clinical intervention. Nonetheless, some elements of the current terminology may interfere with behavior analysts' efforts to examine, predict, and mitigate the conditions that lead to the reemergence of severe problem behavior in clinical settings. The current article (1) describes how the term "relapse" has been used in the field of behavior analysis and fails to capture more nuanced effects observed in the reemergence of problem behavior; (2) suggests use of the terms "lapse" and "relapse" to capture these distinct effects; and (3) outlines the positive impact enhanced technological distinction between the concept of "lapse" and "relapse" could have on clinical research and practice.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) in USA: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) vs Standard of Care (SoC).

Purpose: Chronic skin ulcers in diabetic foot patients are a significant health concern. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) significantly threaten the health and longevity of individuals with diabetes, leading to severe complications like infection and amputation and contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. Given the severe implications, practical strategies to prevent and manage DFUs are crucial to reducing amputation rates.

"That's Definitely a Red Flag": Sexual Violence Risk Perception by Men who have Sex with Men Using Dating and Sexual Networking Apps.

Sexual violence (SV) victimization is a growing concern for men who have sex with men (MSM), given their high risk for SV relative to heterosexual peers. MSM frequently utilize dating and sexual networking (DSN) apps to meet potential partners, which also puts them at a higher risk of victimization. Understanding the connection between DSN apps and SV victimization for MSM can inform the development of prevention interventions.

Freshwater faces a warmer and saltier future from headwaters to coasts: climate risks, saltwater intrusion, and biogeochemical chain reactions.

Unlabelled: Alongside global climate change, many freshwater ecosystems are experiencing substantial shifts in the concentrations and compositions of salt ions coming from both land and sea. We synthesize a risk framework for anticipating how climate change and increasing salt pollution coming from both land and saltwater intrusion will trigger chain reactions extending from headwaters to tidal waters. Salt ions trigger 'chain reactions,' where chemical products from one biogeochemical reaction influence subsequent reactions and ecosystem responses.

 (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Cerro Golondrinas in the northern Andes of Ecuador.

Exploratory field expeditions to the Chocó forests in the northern Andes of Ecuador resulted in the discovery of a new species of (Gesneriaceae). J.L.

A digital multi-access key for easy identification of large tree species of ebony wood in Madagascar.

In 2013, all populations of the precious wood genera (Fabaceae) and (Ebenaceae) from Madagascar were placed on CITES Appendix II in an effort to combat unsustainable and illicit over-exploitation and illegal exportation for the international market. The accompanying Action Plan adopted by CITES identified several information and capacity gaps, which undermine the sustainable and equitable management of these valuable resources. These gaps include the lack of practical, reliable tools to identify species along the entire value chain, from standing trees to cut wood and finished products.

The Contemporary Diagnostic Approaches to Esophageal Symptomatology.

Esophageal symptoms, including dysphagia, heartburn, and non-cardiac chest pain, are prevalent concerns in gastroenterology. This review examines the roles of advanced diagnostic modalities such as high-resolution manometry (HRM), pH-impedance monitoring, and EndoFLIP in understanding esophageal physiology and pathology. Here, we discuss the clinical presentations of common esophageal symptoms and explore how structural abnormalities like strictures and motility disorders, including achalasia and esophageal spasms, are assessed using these tools.

Prolonged Neuromuscular Blockade Following Succinylcholine Administration and the Clinical Importance of Family History: A Case Report.

When evaluating the etiology of delayed emergence from anesthesia, several differential diagnoses must be considered, with family history often being an overlooked factor. This case report highlights the clinical significance and diagnostic challenges of one such differential - pseudocholinesterase deficiency (PD). PD is a known defect in the pseudocholinesterase enzyme that may be either inherited or acquired.

Exploring Cardiovascular Health: The Role of Dyslipidemia and Inflammation.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health concern, with their prevalence rising significantly in developing regions like South India. This increase is driven by unique dietary patterns, lifestyle habits, and genetic predispositions contributing to the region's distinct cardiovascular risk profile. However, gaps remain in understanding the biochemical risk factors specific to this population.

Successful Valve-in-Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Severe Bioprosthetic Valve Restenosis in a High-Risk Patient.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has significantly improved in treating aortic valve disease in recent years, particularly in patients at high surgical risk. This case report describes an 80-year-old woman who had severe aortic stenosis previously treated with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and six years later had a valve-in-valve (ViV) TAVI who developed severe symptomatic restenosis of the bioprosthetic aortic valve five years later of the last procedure. A third valve-in-valve-in-valve (ViViV) TAVI using a 26-mm Sapien 3 valve was performed due to the high surgical risk.

Pediatricians' Discomfort With Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention: The Need for Greater Education.

Objectives Despite being at a heightened risk of HIV, the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among adolescents remains low, which may stem from access to this biomedical intervention and the comfort of providers caring for this priority population. Prior studies evaluating the comfort and knowledge of providers related to PrEP have focused on adult providers or been conducted prior to FDA approval of PrEP for adolescents. This study focuses on pediatric providers' knowledge and comfort regarding counseling and prescribing PrEP to adolescents.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Early Identification of Tamponade: A Case Series.

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition resulting from fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac, leading to impaired cardiac filling and output. Signs described in the literature, such as Beck's triad (hypotension, jugular venous distension (JVD), muffled heart sounds) or pulsus paradoxus can be absent especially in the early stages, particularly in non-trauma patients, making early diagnosis challenging. In this case series, we present three patients who developed tamponade with subtle symptoms, including shortness of breath and tachycardia, but without hypotension or other hallmark signs.