Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Functional Properties of Cameroonian Cowpea and Bambara Groundnut and Their Culinary Forms.

Background Voandzou and cowpea are two legumes commonly used in African dishes as alternative sources of proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of steaming and frying on the nutritional and functional properties of Cameroonian cowpea () and Bambara groundnut (). Methodology The nutritional values, as well as the antioxidant, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of "koki" and "beignet koki," which are the traditional steamed dish and fritters made from cowpea and Bambara groundnut, respectively, were assessed.

Brain Freeze: Pembrolizumab-Induced Autoimmune Encephalitis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

This case report presents the first known instance of pembrolizumab-induced autoimmune encephalitis in a 41-year-old female patient with stage IIIc triple-negative breast cancer. The patient developed expressive aphasia three days after starting pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy, prompting comprehensive evaluations that ruled out infectious or metastatic causes. A diagnosis of pembrolizumab-associated autoimmune encephalitis was established following a lumbar puncture and MRI.

Achievement of Clinical Remission in Life-Threatening Rosai-Dorfman Disease With Cladribine.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare proliferative histiocytic disorder characterized by sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, rarely presenting with severe and life-threatening extra-nodal features. The rarity of RDD, clinically variant phenotype, limited data, and lack of a current standardized management approach make treatment decisions difficult. Herein, we present a case of life-threatening, disseminated RDD with rare clinical features of recurrent pericardial effusion, bilateral pleural effusions, and abdominal tissue fibrosis successfully treated with six cycles of cladribine, achieving clinical remission.

Abscopal Effect in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma Receiving Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy and Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibition: A Case Report.

Concurrent with the increasing utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma, there has been renewed interest in understanding the potential interplay between radiation therapy (RT) and the immune system. One such phenomenon is the abscopal effect, where localized treatments, such as RT, not only shrink the targeted tumor but also induce shrinkage of untreated tumors elsewhere in the body. Here, we report a case of an abscopal effect in a 63-year-old patient with metastatic melanoma who was progressing on first-line dual ICI therapy but experienced a rapid and durable systemic response following the administration of hypofractionated palliative RT to a large primary melanoma skin tumor.

Pernicious Pouch of Problems: A Challenging Case of Massive Hemorrhage Secondary to Jejunal Diverticular Bleeding.

Small bowel (SB) diverticulosis is an uncommon diagnosis and a rare cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A particularly rare form of SB diverticular disease, jejunal diverticulosis, is usually discovered due to complications, such as hemorrhage, obstruction, or perforation. Owing in part to its rarity, jejunal diverticular bleeding can be difficult to identify and treat, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality.

Haloperidol-Induced Laryngeal Dystonia: A Case Report on an Antipsychotic-Associated Airway Emergency.

Acute dystonia is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that can affect various parts of the body. It is commonly triggered by the use of antipsychotic medications, especially within the first few days after administration. Respiratory acute laryngeal dystonia, a particularly severe form of this condition and a very subtype of laryngeal dystonia, can lead to respiratory distress and airway obstruction if not promptly treated.

Intravenous Efgartigimod Alfa as Initial Monotherapy for Disabling Ocular Myasthenia in an Elderly Patient with Multiple Comorbidities.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one of the most common neuromuscular disorders. It is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction, presenting with fluctuating muscle weakness that commonly affects the ocular, bulbar, proximal, and respiratory muscles. Treating MG in the older population with preexisting comorbidities can be challenging.

Exploring Public Interest in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Treatment Measures in the United States: A Google Trends Analysis.

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts over 2.8 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of neurological impairment in young adults. This study investigates the public interest in MS and its treatment options in the United States over the past decade, utilizing Google Trends data.

Recurrent Intussusception in a Pediatric Patient: The Role of the Mesoappendix as a Potential Culprit.

Intussusception, a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another, primarily affects children under 18 months of age. This case report details the radiologic findings in a six-year-old child with a long-standing history of recurrent ileocolic intussusception, who presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with intussusception-associated appendicitis. Following the fifth recurrence, the patient underwent laparoscopic reduction of the intussusception and appendectomy.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Polyp Size and Surveillance Colonoscopy: A Phantom Study.

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is a hot topic in the world of medicine. AI may be useful in identifying and sizing polyps, which influence surveillance intervals. Therefore, we examined polyp size estimation by AI using a survey study.

Assessing ChatGPT's Reliability as an Educational Resource for Information on Breast Reduction Surgery.

Introduction: With advances in AI and machine learning, platforms like OpenAI's ChatGPT are emerging as educational resources. While these platforms offer easy access and user-friendliness due to their personalized conversational responses, concerns about the accuracy and reliability of their information persist. As one of the most common surgical procedures performed by plastic surgeons worldwide, breast reduction surgery (BRS) offers relief for the physical and emotional burdens of large breasts.

Phase 1b/2 study of orally administered pexidartinib in combination with radiation therapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) has a median survival of <2 years. Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small-molecule inhibitor of CSF1R, KIT, and oncogenic FTL3, which are implicated in GBM treatment resistance. Results from glioma models indicate that combining radiation therapy (RT) and pexidartinib reduces radiation resistance.

Rupture mechanics of blood clot fibrin fibers: A coarse-grained model study.

Thrombosis, when occurring undesirably, disrupts normal blood flow and poses significant medical challenges. As the skeleton of blood clots, fibrin fibers play a vital role in the formation and fragmentation of blood clots. Thus, studying the deformation and fracture characteristics of fibrin fiber networks is the key factor to solve a series of health problems caused by thrombosis.

Utility of Adrenal Vein Sampling to Guide Surgical Management of Hypercortisolism.

We report a case of successfully lateralized adrenal cortisol hypersecretion by adrenal venous sampling (AVS) and improved by surgery. AVS is a commonly used tool to guide surgical management of primary hyperaldosteronism. It can determine lateralization, leading to unilateral adrenalectomies of the correct side, or nonlateralization, which precludes surgery.

Empowering healthcare professionals with no-code artificial intelligence platforms for model development, a practical demonstration for pathology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning based applications are thought to impact the practice of healthcare by transforming diagnostic patient management approaches. However, domain knowledge, clinical and coding expertise are likely the biggest challenge and a substantial barrier in developing practical AI models. Most informatics and AI experts are not familiar with the nuances in medicine, and most doctors are not efficient coders.

Triple-Vessel Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Managed Conservatively.

The management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) presents challenges and uncertainties. We present a case of a 54-year-old woman who developed SCAD in the three primary coronary artery territories including the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD), a diagonal branch, the first and second obtuse marginals (OMs), and the midright coronary artery (RCA). She was managed conservatively without procedural intervention, and follow-up coronary angiography demonstrated complete recovery.

Exploring Differences in Clinical Decisions Between Medical Students and Expert Clinicians.

Background: Numerous challenges exist in effectively bridging theory and practice in the teaching and assessment of clinical reasoning, despite an abundance of theoretical models. This study compares clinical reasoning practices and decisions between medical students and expert clinicians using a problem-solving framework from the learning sciences, which identifies clinical reasoning as distinct, observable actions in clinical case solving. We examined students at various training stages against expert clinicians to address the research question: How do expert clinicians and medical students differ in their practices and decisions during the diagnostic process?.

Clinical and Radiological Factors Associated with Nonoperative Management Failure for Small Bowel Obstruction: A Retrospective Study from a Resource-Limited Setting.

Background: Recognizing factors that predict non-operative management (NOM) failure for patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO) aids in limiting surgical intervention when needed. This study investigated the predictive factors for NOM failure in SBO patients in a resource-limited setting.

Material And Method: A retrospective study included 165 patients who were diagnosed with SBO and were admitted and managed at Althora General Hospital, IBB, Yemen, from April 2022 to March 2024.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) With T-Cell Differentiation Arising From Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML).

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by peripheral blood monocytosis and bone marrow dysplasia. In approximately one-fourth of cases, CMML can demonstrate progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), referred to as AML ex CMML. We present a 58-year-old woman with a past medical history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who demonstrated 24% bone marrow blasts on a repeat biopsy obtained two years after being diagnosed with CMML.

Sensitivity Analysis of Directed Energy Deposition Simulation Results to Aluminum Material Properties.

Due to the high cost of each experimental run in additive manufacturing (AM), there has been a drive to develop simulations that can find the optimal processing parameters. The accuracy of these simulations is dependent on the accuracy of the material parameters recorded in literature. These reported parameters can vary widely resulting in differing simulation results.

Detecting Selective Laser Melting Beam Power from Ultrasonic Temporal and Spectral Responses of Phononic Crystal Artifacts Toward Real-Time Quality Monitoring.

Unlike many conventional manufacturing techniques, 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing (3DP/AM) fabrication creates builds with unprecedented degrees of structural and geometrical complexities. However, uncertainties in 3DP/AM processes and material attributes could cause geometric and structural quality issues in resulting builds and products. Evaluating the sensitivity of process parameters and material properties for process optimization, quality assessment, and closed-loop control is crucial in practice.

3D Bioprinting of Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Regeneration.

Bioprinting has emerged as a powerful manufacturing platform for tissue engineering, enabling the fabrication of 3D living structures by assembling living cells, biological molecules, and biomaterials into these structures. Among various biomaterials, hydrogels have been increasingly used in developing bioinks suitable for 3D bioprinting for diverse human body tissues and organs. In particular, hydrogel blends combining gelatin and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA; "GG hydrogels") receive significant attention for 3D bioprinting owing to their many advantages, such as excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, intrinsic bioactive groups, and polymer networks that combine the thermoresponsive gelation feature of gelatin and chemically crosslinkable attribute of GelMA.

Injectable body temperature responsive hydrogel for encephalitis treatment via sustained release of nano-anti-inflammatory agents.

Skull defects are common in the clinical practice of neurosurgery, and they are easily complicated by encephalitis, which seriously threatens the life and health safety of patients. The treatment of encephalitis is not only to save the patient but also to benefit the society. Based on the advantages of injectable hydrogels such as minimally invasive surgery, self-adaptation to irregularly shaped defects, and easy loading and delivery of nanomedicines, an injectable hydrogel that can be crosslinked in situ at the ambient temperature of the brain for the treatment of encephalitis caused by cranial defects is developed.

Design, characterisation, and clinical evaluation of a novel porous Ti-6Al-4V hemipelvic prosthesis based on Voronoi diagram.

Three-dimensional printed Ti-6Al-4V hemipelvic prosthesis has become a current popular method for pelvic defect reconstruction. This paper presents a novel biomimetic hemipelvic prosthesis design that utilises patient-specific anatomical data in conjunction with the Voronoi diagram algorithm. Unlike traditional design methods that rely on fixed, homogeneous unit cell, the Voronoi diagram enables to create imitation of trabecular structure (ITS).

The use of hydrogel microspheres as cell and drug delivery carriers for bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration.

Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex process involving many cellular activities across various cell types. Autografts remain the "gold standard" for the regeneration of these tissues. However, the use of autografts is associated with many disadvantages, including donor scarcity, the requirement of multiple surgeries, and the risk of infection.