Factors associated with placement along the HIV prevention and care continuum among sexual minority men who use methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine use among sexual minority men (SMM) has been associated with poor ART adherence, and reduced initiation and adherence to PrEP. From May 2021 to May 2023, 226 SMM were enrolled in , a culturally responsive smartphone application to reduce methamphetamine use and improve sexual health. Using a status-neutral approach, an ordinal variable reflected participants' placement on the HIV Prevention/Care Continuum, from HIV-positive, not taking ART, to HIV-negative, currently taking PrEP.

Type A Aortic Dissection Following Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation: Population-Level Outcomes in the United States.

Background: This study aims to analyze the patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and contemporary trends concerning type A aortic dissection (TAAD) in previous recipients of abdominal solid organ transplantation (ASOT) in the United States.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was queried to identify all patients aged ≥18 with TAAD and a history of ASOT (TAAD-ASOT) between 2002 and 2015Q3 using ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared between TAAD-ASOT patients and TAAD patients without a history of ASOT (TAAD-non-ASOT).

A New Method Using the Four-Chamber View to Identify Fetuses With Subsequently Confirmed Postnatal Aortic Coarctation.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive rate among fetuses suspected prenatally to have coarctation of the aorta (CoA) using size and shape measurements of the fetal heart from the four-chamber view (4CV).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 108 fetuses identified by pediatric cardiologists to be at risk for CoA. 4CV s from the last antenatal ultrasound performed by the cardiologists were analyzed.

Worldwide Innovative Network (WIN) Consortium in Personalized Cancer Medicine: Bringing next-generation precision oncology to patients.

The human genome project ushered in a genomic medicine era that was largely unimaginable three decades ago. Discoveries of druggable cancer drivers enabled biomarker-driven gene- and immune-targeted therapy and transformed cancer treatment. Minimizing treatment not expected to benefit, and toxicity-including financial and time-are important goals of modern oncology.

Targeting IL-23 in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Review of Guselkumab's Efficacy and Utilization.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, inflammatory disease with heterogeneous clinical features. The pathogenesis of PsA involves a complex interplay of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors, leading to the activation of the immune system and subsequent inflammation. Over the past decade, the understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying PsA has advanced significantly, particularly regarding the role of the interleukin-23/T helper 17 pathway in the disease process.

In vitro performance of a charcoal capturing device with desflurane.

Background: The use of capturing devices may become required for the continued use desflurane. We tested the percentage of desflurane captured by a charcoal filter (CONTRAfluran)-workstation (Aisys) combination in vitro.

Methods: Desflurane in O2/air was administered via an Aisys workstation into a 2 L test lung that was insufflated with CO2 (160 mL/min).

Roflumilast for the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Review.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder most commonly affecting areas rich in sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face, axilla, and groin. Several factors can precipitate SD development, such as colonization of Malassezia, sebocyte activity, impaired immunity, and environmental influences. Topical antifungals, corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors are the current mainstay treatment of SD.

Adolescent stress avoidance influences cue-induced heroin seeking and chaperonin gene expression in the dorsal striatum of adult female rats.

Females remain underrepresented in opioid use disorder (OUD) research, particularly regarding dorsal striatal neuroadaptations. Chaperonins seem to play a role in opioid-induced neural plasticity, yet their contribution to OUD-related changes in the dorsal striatum (DS) remains poorly understood. Given known sex differences in opioid sensitivity, it is important to determine how chaperonin expression contributes to OUD-related adaptations in females.

Invisible disabilities and health among U.S. postsecondary students.

: The current study compares the health behaviors and outcomes of students with three types of invisible disabilities-autism, ADHD or learning disabilities, and mental health conditions-to neurotypical students. Gender differences are also examined. : Undergraduate college students ( = 2,822) at ten postsecondary institutions in Indiana.

Soft tissue manipulation enhances recovery of muscle mass in a disuse model of sarcopenia.

Context: Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by low muscle mass and function that places individuals at greater risk of disability, loss of independence, and death. Current therapies include addressing underlying performance issues, resistance training, and/or nutritional strategies. However, these approaches have significant limitations, and chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia may blunt the anabolic response to exercise and nutrition.

The role of friendship maintenance over communication technologies in freshmen's social adjustment to college.

Studies show that friendships help undergraduates navigate the transition to college, but it is unclear how technology use impacts the maintenance of friendships and students' subsequent adjustment. This study fills this gap by examining how maintenance over communication technologies with pre-college and in-college friends is associated with freshmen's social adjustment to college, via two psychological processes: social support and belongingness. 194 college freshmen completed online surveys.

Health regulatory focus and college student outcomes following healthcare visits.

The present work examined associations between undergraduate students' health regulatory focus and three outcomes of their healthcare interactions: affective responses to providers, intentions to adhere to recommendations, and satisfaction with providers. Study 1 included 522 undergraduates (=19.97 years, =1.

How adolescent tobacco use has responded to state tobacco 21 laws and flavor restrictions.

Tobacco 21 (T21) laws (prohibiting tobacco sales under age 21) and flavor restrictions have recently been enacted, yet little is known about the extent to which these policies shifted adolescent tobacco use. To examine the associations between state-level T21 laws and flavor restrictions with adolescent tobacco use overall and by age. We linked state-level T21 laws and flavor restrictions with individual-level data on self-reported levels of cigarette, cigar, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among 979,477 (500,205 female/479,272 male) 14-18+-year-olds from the 2011-2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys.

All segments are created equal: locoregional recurrence and survival after single versus multi-segment resection in patients with clinical stage IA ≤ 2 cm non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Compare oncologic outcomes between single-segment and multi-segment resections in patients with clinical stage IA1 and IA2 non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: A retrospective review (2011-2022) was conducted using a prospectively maintained database. Patients undergoing anatomical segmentectomy for clinical stage IA ≤ 2 cm non-small cell lung cancers were included.

Mechanism-Based Middle-Range Theories: Using Realist Syntheses to Reconcile Specificity to Context and Generalizability.

Realist synthesis is a recognized methodological approach to evidence synthesis to inform evidence-based health policy and practice. The implicit assumption behind research synthesis is that the evidence it generates should be generalizable--drawing broad inferences from specific observations. While this understanding is generally shared among social scientists, tensions exist between having generalizable evidence and how this evidence can be useful in specific contexts.

A comparison of bulk inorganic constituents and trace pollutant concentration in leachates by landfill type.

Landfill leachate characteristics vary depending on the type of waste facilities accept, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), construction and demolition debris (CDD) and MSW incineration (MSWI) ash. Optimizing disposal and treatment practices requires a thorough understanding of the behaviour of leachates from different classifications of refuse. This study provides a critical analysis of variation in leachate quality among over 80 sites based on landfill category: MSW, bulky debris, MSWI ash and MSW-MSWI ash co-disposal.

Atrial fibrillation burden in clinical practice, research, and technology development: a clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke and the European Heart Rhythm Association.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac diseases and a complicating comorbidity for multiple associated diseases. Many clinical decisions regarding AF are currently based on the binary recognition of AF being present or absent with the categorical appraisal of AF as continued or intermittent. Assessment of AF in clinical trials is largely limited to the time to (first) detection of an AF episode.

Parenting, self-regulation, and sleep in young children at-risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: Young children at-risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep problems, which may exacerbate ADHD symptoms and related impairment. Yet, little is known about modifiable factors associated with the maintenance of sleep problems. This study examined the relationships among parenting practices, behavioral self-regulation skills, and sleep functioning in young children at-risk for ADHD.

Left ventricular-arterial coupling and mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) refers to the ratio of afterload (effective arterial elastance) to contractility (end-systolic elastance) as an integrated marker of cardiac performance. We sought to determine whether the echocardiographic VAC ratio, defined using the ratio of LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) to stroke volume (SV), predicted mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU).

Methods: Mayo Clinic CICU patients from 2007 and 2018 were included.

Morality in a more-than-human world Norton, 2025. 192 pp. Princeton University Press, 2025. 192 pp.

Two authors probe the metrics by which we determine who, and what, matters.

Itaconate restrains acute proinflammatory activation of microglia MG after traumatic brain injury in mice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) rapidly triggers proinflammatory activation of microglia, contributing to secondary brain damage post-TBI. Although the governing role of energy metabolism in shaping the inflammatory phenotype and function of immune cells has been increasingly recognized, the specific alterations in microglial bioenergetics post-TBI remain poorly understood. Itaconate, a metabolite produced by the enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 [IRG1; encoded by immune responsive gene 1 ()], is a pivotal metabolic regulator in immune cells, particularly in macrophages.

Postoperative adhesions are abrogated by a sustained-release anti-JUN therapeutic in preclinical models.

Postoperative abdominal adhesions are the leading cause of bowel obstruction and a cause of chronic pain and infertility. Adhesion formation occurs after 50 to 90% of abdominal operations and has no proven preventative or treatment strategy. Abdominal adhesions derive primarily from the visceral peritoneum and are composed of polyclonally proliferating tissue-resident fibroblasts.