Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Rusfertide, a Hepcidin Mimetic, in Healthy Subjects.

Rusfertide, a peptide hepcidin mimetic, has shown efficacy in polycythemia vera. This trial investigated the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of once-weekly rusfertide 60 mg for 5 weeks in healthy subjects. Subjects were randomized to subcutaneous injection in the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh.

Double-Layer Microneedle Patch Loaded with HA-PBA-QCT for Management of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain.

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) is a common adverse effect of antineoplastic drugs, often leading to dose reduction, treatment delays, or cessation of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy agents, like paclitaxel (PTX), damage the somatosensory nervous system by inducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in the sensitization of sensory neurons. Quercetin (QCT), known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, is investigated for various neurological disorders.

Comparative Effectiveness of Cinacalcet Taken at-Home Versus Three Times Weekly In-Center on Controlling Calcium, Phosphate, and Parathyroid Hormone Levels.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), is a common syndrome in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, is marked by dysregulation of electrolytes and hormones, including calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Calcimemetics are a cornerstone of PTH lowering therapy; cinacalcet, an oral calcimemetic, is the most used and typically prescribed as a daily administration, thus contributing to the high total pill burden of this population. Recent clinical trials have provided evidence that administration of cinacalcet at the dialysis unit three times a week might be a safe and effective treatment option.

Exploring Green Pyrotechnic Formulations and Primary Explosives with 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Based Micro and Submicron Energetic Coordination Polymers.

Alkali and alkaline-earth metal incorporated 5,5'-dinitramino-3,3'-azo-1,3,4-oxadiazole (HDNAO) based Energetic Coordination Polymers (ECPs), namely dipotassium 5,5'-dinitramino-3,3'-azo-1,3,4-oxadiazole(KDNAO), dicesium 5,5'-dinitramino-3,3'-azo-1,3,4-oxadiazole(CsDNAO) and barium 5,5'-dinitramino-3,3'-azo-1,3,4-oxadiazole(BaDNAO) are synthesized for the first time. Synthesized ECPs are thoroughly characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-vis spectroscopy. All ECPs are also confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique (SC-XRD).

Neurobiological Mechanisms Link Bipolar Disorder to Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Biobank Study of Adverse Event Risk and Contributory Mechanisms.

Objective: Individuals with bipolar disorder are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. This study aimed to (1) determine the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after adjusting for important confounders and (2) evaluate the neural, autonomic, and immune mechanisms underlying the link between bipolar disorder and cardiovascular disease.

Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in children with HIV aged from 2 years and weighing at least 14 kg.

Introduction: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) was efficacious and well tolerated in children/adolescents with HIV (aged ≥6 years, weighing ≥25 kg) in a Phase 2/3 study. Here, we report data from children aged ≥2 years and weighing ≥14-<25 kg.

Methods: This is an analysis of data from the youngest cohort in an open-label, multicentre, multi-cohort, single-group, international study of children/adolescents with HIV.

Unraveling Various Sources of Particulates Matter in Air-Dust Samples Collected from North India Through Elemental Mapping and Concentration Correlation Using Micro-Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy.

Particulate matter (PM) found in the air is one of the major sources of pollution and air-borne diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the elemental concentration distribution of the PM to identify the pollutant sources. In this study, it has demonstrated the capabilities of micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) spectroscopy in quantitative analysis of air samples collected from the Old Delhi outdoor market and indoor locations in the Panjab University hostel in the winter months.

The Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more susceptible to microvascular complications. However, whether DM is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is unclear. This observational study used data from the Coronary Microvascular Disease Registry (CMDR) (NCT05960474) and included patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) who underwent invasive CMD evaluation using the CoroVentis CoroFlow System (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA).

Serotonin Receptors Polymorphisms Are Associated With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome.

Background: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by sudden, recurrent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. The pathophysiology of CVS is not known but genetic factors that regulate emetic neurocircuitry have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different variations in genes encoding serotonin receptors (HTRs) are associated with susceptibility to CVS and/or CVS symptoms.

Screening for Endocrine Bioactivity Potential of Tobacco Product Chemicals Including Flavor Chemicals.

Adolescence and pregnancy involve elevated levels of hormones (e.g., estrogen, androgen) during which exposure to endocrine disruptors could have long-term developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) effects.

Comparative Genomics Points to Ecological Drivers of Genomic Divergence Among Intertidal Limpets.

Comparative genomic studies of closely related taxa are important for our understanding of the causes of divergence on a changing Earth. This being said, the genomic resources available for marine intertidal molluscs are limited and currently, there are few publicly available high-quality annotated genomes for intertidal species and for molluscs in general. Here we report transcriptome assemblies for six species of Patellogastropoda and genome assemblies and annotations for three of these species (Scurria scurra, Scurria viridula and Scurria zebrina).

Dilemmas in Linking Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency With Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics.

There are still large uncertainties on the relationships between microbial carbon use efficiency and soil organic carbon across (1) different carbon use efficiency estimation methods, (2) various temporal, spatial and biological scales, and (3) multiple climate change scenarios. These uncertainties call for further efforts to re-examine the relationships between carbon use efficiency and soil organic carbon to better represent microbial processes in the current modelling frameworks.

The alcohol use disorder treatment gap and its correlates among middle-aged and older adults.

Introduction: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are under-treated, particularly among older adults. Using data from national treatment registers can expand knowledge on the AUD treatment rate among older adults and on potential biases in treatment receipt. The aim of this paper was to determine the AUD treatment prevalence rate and to investigate sociodemographic, health-related and substance use-related correlates of AUD treatment receipt among older adults with different degrees of problematic alcohol use.

Repeated cycles of binge-like ethanol consumption and abstinence alter neuropeptide mRNA in prefrontal and insular cortex, amygdala, and lateral hypothalamus of male and female C57BL/6J mice.

Background: Binge drinking is a risky pattern of alcohol (ethanol) consumption associated with a variety of negative outcomes, including the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Many neuropeptide systems are thought to become dysregulated in AUD; however, whether repeated cycles of binge-like ethanol consumption and abstinence following binge-like drinking alter neuropeptide mRNA in key brain regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), insular cortex (IC), amygdala, and lateral hypothalamus (LH), remains unknown.

Methods: Male and female mice underwent 0, 3, or 6 cycles of binge-like ethanol consumption using the "Drinking in the Dark" (DID) paradigm.

Inter-Observer Processing and Measurement Error Are Low for 2D Dental Measurements on Shared microCT Scans.

Objectives: Sharing micro-computed tomographic (μCT) scans of teeth increases data accessibility and reduces the need for repeated scans of any given specimen. However, the use of the same TIFF stacks or DICOMs by multiple individuals has the potential to introduce new sources of error. Here, we explore whether use of the same μCT scans by different persons produces comparable results.

Electronic cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people: A systematic review.

Aims: To assess the evidence for a relationship between the use of e-cigarettes and subsequent smoking in young people (≤29 years), and whether this differs by demographic characteristics.

Methods: Systematic review with association direction plots (searches to April 2023). Screening, data extraction and critical appraisal followed Cochrane methods.

Bioengineering Strategies for Treating Neointimal Hyperplasia in Peripheral Vasculature: Innovations and Challenges.

Neointimal hyperplasia, a pathological response to arterial interventions or injury, often leads to restenosis and recurrent narrowing or occlusion, particularly in the peripheral vasculature. Its prevalence and negative impact on the long-term success of vascular interventions have driven extensive research aimed at better understanding the condition and developing effective therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of emerging bioengineering strategies for treating neointimal hyperplasia in peripheral vessels.

Role of Kctd13 in modulating AR and SOX9 expression in different penile cell populations.

Objective: Micropenis is a condition with significant physical and psychological implications caused mainly by decreased androgen action in penile development. Kctd13-knockout (Kctd13-KO) mice have micropenis, cryptorchidism, and fertility defects because of reduced levels of androgen receptor (AR) and SOX9. We hypothesized that normalizing the levels of AR and SOX9 in the Kctd13-KO penis could help us to understand the mechanism of action of these signaling pathways on penile development.

Elucidating the Molecular Landscape of Cystic Kidney Disease: Old Friends, New Friends and Some Surprises.

Cystic kidney diseases (CyKD) are a diverse group of disorders affecting more than 1 in 1000 individuals. Over 120 genes are implicated, primarily encoding components of the primary cilium, transcription factors, and morphogens. Prognosis varies greatly by molecular diagnosis.

Mother-child dyads living with HIV in the Western Cape, South Africa: Undetectable = Undetectable?

Introduction: Globally, children living with HIV continue to lag behind UNAIDS targets for viral suppression (VS). Because studies with linked mother-child data are limited, we describe VS and associated factors among young children in a setting with early infant HIV testing (at birth, age 10 weeks and 6 months) and early protease inhibitor-based first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: We analysed routinely collected mother-child data for children living with HIV born 2018-2022 in Western Cape province, South Africa (followed through mid-2023).

Do Children's Brains Function Differently During Book Reading and Screen Time? A fNIRS Study.

Previous research suggests that book reading and screen time have contrasting effects on language and brain development. However, few studies have explicitly investigated whether children's brains function differently during these two activities. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure brain response in 28 typically developing preschool-aged children (36-72 months old) during two conditions-a book reading condition, in which children listened to a story read by a live experimenter while viewing words and pictures in a book, and a screen time condition, in which children listened to a story that was played via an audio recording while viewing words and pictures on a screen.

Knowledge and attitudes about dementia among nursing students in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dementia is one of the most pressing health concerns among the ageing population, imposing significant health, financial and caregiving burdens on people with dementia (PWD), their families and caregivers. Building the capacity of nursing students is essential for effectively improving quality of life for affected people. This study aimed to assess nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward dementia and its associated factors.

Real-world comparative effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan versus RAS inhibition alone in patients with de novo heart failure.

Aims: Large-scale, real-world data on early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in patients newly diagnosed (de novo) with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are limited. We examined the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on all-cause and cause-specific hospitalizations among patients with de novo HFrEF from the Optum® dataset in the United States.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with de novo HFrEF (diagnosed ≤30 days) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% who were first prescribed with sacubitril/valsartan or ACEi/ARB from 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2020.