Knowledge domain and frontier trends of artificial intelligence applied in solid organ transplantation: A visualization analysis.

Background: Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is vital for end-stage organ failure but faces challenges like organ shortage and rejection. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential to improve outcomes through better matching, success prediction, and automation. However, the evolution of AI in SOT research remains underexplored.

Sternum drop as a kinematic measure of trip recovery performance.

Deficient trip recovery kinematics have been implicated in many trip-induced falls. Three key requisites for successful trip recovery include limiting trunk flexion, maintaining adequate hip height to enable repeated stepping, and completing recovery steps to extend the base of support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sternum drop as a new measure of trip recovery performance.

Longitudinal relationship between internet addiction and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students.

Background: While previous cross-sectional studies have suggested a link between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and internet addiction (IA), longitudinal evidence remains scarce. This study aimed to explore the prospective relationship between IA and PLEs among college students.

Method: A total of 636 college students (80 % female) were assessed in November 2022 and again one year later.

Detecting Xe in an atmospheric tracer experiment.

The Xcounts algorithm for calculating air concentrations of radioactive xenon isotopes (Eslinger et al., 2023) has been extended to estimate Xe in addition to Xe, Xe, Xe, and Xe. The algorithm was applied to 119 samples collected with a SAUNA Q system (Ringbom et al.

Changes in traffic-related air pollution exposures and associations with adverse birth outcomes over 20 years in Texas.

Background: Billions of dollars have been spent implementing regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) from exhaust pipe emissions. However, few health studies have evaluated the change in TRAP emissions and associations with infant health outcomes. We hypothesize that the magnitude of association between vehicle exposure measures and adverse birth outcomes has decreased over time, parallelling regulatory improvements in exhaust pipe emissions.

The steady-state pharmacokinetics of fixed-dose combination dolutegravir+rilpivirine in hemodialysis.

Objective: Fixed dose combination (FDC) dolutegravir (DTG) plus rilpivirine (RPV) is an approved antiretroviral treatment regimen for people with HIV. The steady-state pharmacokinetics (PK) of FDC DTG+RPV in hemodialysis (HD) has not been previously studied.

Design: We performed a single-center, prospective evaluation of the steady-state PK of FDC DTG +RPV in 4 adults without HIV either requiring HD and in 4 matched participants with normal renal function.

Treatment of prehypertension among adults with HIV: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Elevated blood pressure (BP), even at prehypertensive levels, increases cardiovascular disease risk among people with HIV (PWH); yet international guidelines in low-income countries recommend treatment initiation at BP at least 140/90 mmHg. We determined the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of treating prehypertension in PWH in Haiti.

Design: An unblinded randomized clinical trial (enrolled April 2021-March 2022) with 12-month follow-up.

In subclinical AF, apixaban vs. aspirin reduced stroke or systemic embolism at 3.5 y, regardless of duration of recent subclinical AF episodes.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text].

In T1D, weekly efsitora was noninferior to daily degludec for reducing HbA but increased severe hypoglycemia at 26 wk.

Endocrinology: [Formula: see text].

In long-term users of benzodiazepine receptor agonists, direct-to-patient interventions vs. usual care reduced use at 6 mo.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Geriatrics: [Formula: see text].

In adults aged ≥75 y with NSTEMI, an invasive vs. conservative strategy did not improve a composite outcome at a median 4.1 y.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text] Geriatrics: [Formula: see text].

In insulin-naive T2D, weekly efsitora was noninferior to daily degludec for reducing HbA at 52 wk.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Endocrinology: [Formula: see text].

In HF, MRAs reduced HF hospitalization or CV death regardless of ejection fraction.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text].

Prospective associations of adolescent obesity phenotypes with self-reported polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis in young adulthood.

Study Question: Are empirically derived adolescent overweight/obesity phenotypes differentially associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in young adulthood?

Summary Answer: Self-reported PCOS diagnosis risk in young adulthood varied by empirically derived adolescent overweight/obesity phenotypes, with the highest risk observed among those in the 'mothers with obesity' and 'early puberty' phenotypes.

What Is Known Already: Overweight and obesity during puberty are postulated to promote the development of PCOS. Much of the prior literature in this area is cross-sectional and defines weight status based solely on BMI, yet emerging research suggests that not all people with overweight/obesity have the same risk for chronic health conditions, including PCOS.

Reconstruction Kernel Optimization for Ultra-High-Resolution Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography of the Lung.

Background: The latest generation of computed tomography (CT) systems based on photon-counting detector promises significant improvements in several clinical applications, including chest imaging.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the image quality of ultra-high-resolution (UHR) photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) of the lung using four sharp reconstruction kernels.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 25 patients (11 women and 14 men; median age, 71 years) who underwent unenhanced chest CT from April to May 2023.

User-centered adaption of , A novel mhealth application integrating medication reminders with virtual peer support and social/financial incentives to improve medication adherence.

Youth living with HIV (YLWH) have high rates of virologic failure due to medication non-adherence. is a novel, gamified mobile health (mHealth) application designed with user-centered principles to improve medication adherence by integrating medication reminders with social and financial incentives, virtual peer social support and early clinic outreach for non-adherent YLWH in Nigeria. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to identify reactions to key prototype features (user interface, medication reminders, incentives, and peer support), facilitators and barriers to app use, and how well the app would meet adherence needs.

Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is the presence of somatic mutations in myeloid and lymphoid malignancy genes in the blood cells of individuals without a hematologic malignancy. Inflammation is hypothesized to be a key mediator in the progression of CHIP to hematologic malignancy and patients with CHIP have a high prevalence of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and characteristics of CHIP in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

"My Debts to Society Paid in Full": An In-Depth Analysis of Volunteers' Last Words.

Since the 1976 decision, everyone sentenced to death in the U.S. has automatic appeals to ensure that no procedural errors exist in the condemned person's capital case.

Correlation of the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 With the University of Washington Quality of Life in Assessing Quality of Life in Sinonasal Malignancy Utilizing a Multicenter Prospective Observational Cohort Registry.

In this multi-center sinonasal malignancies (SNM) cohort, the Sino-nasal Outcome Test has a correlation with the University of Washington Quality of Life (UWQOL) for assessing QOL. The use of both instruments remains recommended to provide complete and complementary information. Future design of an easy-to-use tool specific to SNM is needed to encompass all aspects of QOL.

Patient Factors Influence Minimal Clinically Important Difference for the SNOT-22 in Medically Treated Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: The present study explores the effect of sociodemographics and comorbidities on the calculated minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores in patients with medically treated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The importance of delineating a threshold to indicate clinically meaningful changes perceived by a patient is well acknowledged, yet the influence of patient-specific factors on MCID has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: Patients with CRS (n = 221) presenting to a tertiary care practice reported their change in disease burden with anchor questions following CRS-directed medical treatment.

Integrative proteogenomic analyses provide novel interpretations of type 1 diabetes risk loci through circulating proteins.

Circulating proteins may be promising biomarkers or drug targets. Leveraging genome-wide association studies of type 1 diabetes (18,942 cases and 501,638 controls of European ancestry) and circulating protein abundances (10,708 European ancestry individuals), Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to assess the associations between circulating abundances of 1,560 candidate proteins and the risk of type 1 diabetes, followed by multiple sensitivity and colocalization analyses, horizontal pleiotropy examinations, and replications. Bulk tissue and single-cell gene expression enrichment analyses were performed to explore candidate tissues and cell types for prioritized proteins.

Impact of sinus surgery on nasal discharge in chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nasal discharge is one of the cardinal symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, impacting over 50% of patients. For patients with symptoms refractory to standard medical therapy, endoscopic sinus surgery is an option. The objective of this study is to characterize how nasal discharge improves after surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.