Commentary on: "Text-to-Video Models and Sora in Plastic Surgery: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Prospectives".

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.

Revisiting motor unit recruitment to TMS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: cortical inhibition is retained during voluntary contractions.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used for many years to study the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Based on single- or dual-pulse TMS and EMG and/or single motor unit (MU) recordings, many groups have described a loss of central inhibition as an early marker of ALS dysfunction, reflecting a state of cortical 'hyperexcitability'. This conclusion is not without its detractors, however, leading us to reexamine this issue using 4-pulse TMS, shown previously to be more effective for testing central motor pathway functional integrity.

Left Ventricular Hemodynamic Forces Changes in Fabry Disease: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study.

Background: Hemodynamic force (HDF) from cardiac MRI can indicate subclinical myocardial dysfunction, and help identify early cardiac changes in patients with Fabry disease (FD). The hemodynamic change in FD patients remains unclear.

Purpose: To explore HDF changes in FD and the potential of HDF measurements as diagnostic markers indicating early cardiac changes in FD.

Design and Process Considerations for Preparation of Modified Release Ivermectin and Praziquantel Tablets by Wet Granulation.

Dosage forms containing Ivermectin (IVER) and Praziquantel (PRAZ) are important combination drug products in animal health. Understanding the relationship between products with differing in vitro release characteristics and bioequivalence could facilitate generics. The goal of this study was to create granulations for each active ingredient, with similar release mechanisms, but substantially different in vitro release rates, and then compressing these granulations into tablets with differing release rates.

Production of real signs but not pseudosigns affected by age of acquisition in American Sign Language.

Research shows that insufficient language access in early childhood significantly affects language processing. While the majority of this work focuses on syntax, phonology also appears to be affected, though it is unclear exactly how. Here we investigated phonological production across age of acquisition of American Sign Language (ASL).

Cut from the Same Cloth? Comparing the Sexuality of Male Cross-Dressers and Transfeminine Individuals Through the Conceptual Framework of Autogynephilia.

Autogynephilia is a natal male's propensity to be sexually aroused by the thought or fantasy of being a woman. Both male cross-dressers and transfeminine individuals (a broad range of individuals born male with a feminine gender identity; e.g.

The Contribution of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neighborhood Characteristics on Outcomes Experienced by Urban Dwelling Black Men After Serious Traumatic Injury.

Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are serious consequences of physical injuries. Stress associated with living in urban neighborhoods with socioecological disadvantages and the cumulative burdens of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to poorer psychological outcomes. Limited research has explored how ACEs and socioecological environmental exposures in childhood and adulthood, together, impact post-injury outcomes.

Practice Elements Used in Child Mass Trauma Interventions: A Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: The goals of this analysis were to identify practice elements frequently used in child mass trauma interventions and to determine if these elements differed across interventions with respect to type of event addressed.

Recent Findings: The most frequent elements used were psychoeducation for the child, affect modulation, relaxation, cognitive techniques, exposure, support networking, and narrative. The most frequently used elements were similar for political violence and natural disaster interventions but differed for COVID-19 interventions.

From node to network: weaving a global perspective on efficacy and costs of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) policies, ranging from mild measures to total isolation, were implemented worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopt a systematic approach to guide policymakers in deploying NPI policies to mitigate the pandemic's effects while balancing their social and economic impacts. Our results show that each NPI has an optimal duration, beyond which its effectiveness plateaus.

Challenges in cellular agriculture: lessons from Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

The overall goal of this research was to develop an embryonic stem cell (ESC) line from the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, to support production of cell-based cultivated seafood products towards meeting a growing global demand for sustainable seafood. It was hypothesized that characteristics of ESCs, such as high proliferation and pluripotency, would facilitate development of a continuous cell line that could be triggered to differentiate into a muscle cell phenotype. The targeted approach was based on collection of ESCs from fertilized shrimp eggs at the blastomere stage.

Delirium after deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of incidence and risk factors.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a valuable treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication. Understanding the risk factors for POD is crucial for optimizing patient selection and developing preventative measures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify predictors of POD in PD patients undergoing DBS surgery.

Empowering African Expertise: Enhancing Safety Data Integration and Signal Detection for COVID-19 Vaccines Through the African Union Smart Safety Surveillance Joint Signal Management Group.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated new vaccine development. Limited safety data necessitated robust global safety surveillance to accurately identify and promptly communicate potential safety issues. The African Union Smart Safety Surveillance (AU-3S) program established the Joint Signal Management (JSM) group to support identification of potential vaccine safety concerns in five pilot countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa), accounting for approximately 35% of the African population.

Delays in Diagnostic Colonoscopy After Positive FIT in an Integrated Healthcare System.

Background: Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is a process that depends on diagnostic colonoscopy for those with a positive test and completion of colonoscopy after positive FIT is an essential element of program effectiveness.

Aims: We examined how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced completion of diagnostic colonoscopy after positive FIT in our integrated healthcare system.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of all positive FIT over a 5-year period.

Bayesian p-curve mixture models as a tool to dissociate effect size and effect prevalence.

Much research in the behavioral sciences aims to characterize the "typical" person. A statistically significant group-averaged effect size is often interpreted as evidence that the typical person shows an effect, but that is only true under certain distributional assumptions for which explicit evidence is rarely presented. Mean effect size varies with both within-participant effect size and population prevalence (proportion of population showing effect).

Genomic sequencing: the case for equity of care in the era of personalized medicine.

Over the past two decades, genomic sequencing (exome and genome) has proven to be critical in providing a faster and more accurate diagnosis as well as tailored treatment plans for a variety of populations. Despite its potential, disparities in access to genomic sequencing persist, predominantly among underrepresented and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and populations. This inequity stems from factors such as: 1) high costs of sequencing, 2) significant gaps in insurance coverage, 3) limited availability of genetic services in many healthcare institutions and geographic areas, and 4) lack of diversity in genetic research and databases.

Caregiver report of infant behavior associated with autism likelihood in first year of life.

Background: Identification of prodromal indicators of autism in infancy has the potential to identify behaviors relevant to early autism screening.

Methods: We report on data from a prospective general population birth cohort with maternal reported measures at 9 and 12 months: the Survey of Well-Being of Young Children (SWYC; general developmental surveillance) and the First Year Inventory-Lite v3.1b (FYI-Lite; autism specific parent report research tool).

Persistent exclusion of non-English speakers in Pediatric research: a national analysis using ClinicalTrials.gov.

Over one-fifth of US households speak a language other than English. While some studies have documented language-based disparities in pediatric clinical research, they are limited in scope and not representative of all US pediatric trials. Because language-based exclusion, if extensive, would limit the generalizability of the results of the research, we performed a systematic analysis of language-based eligibility criteria across all 4982 US pediatric interventional clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.

Staged thoracoscopic internal traction approach for early repair of long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).

Background: Long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) can complicate the management of esophageal atresia (EA) with or without a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). This series describes a short interval, staged, thoracoscopic internal traction approach for LGEA with distal TEF to manage complex anastomotic tension or an anatomically impossible esophageal anastomosis.

Methods: A retrospective review (2018-2024) was performed across four tertiary centers to identify patients with LGEA and distal TEF, managed with a staged, thoracoscopic internal traction approach.