Sleep health of adults and children with Moebius syndrome.

Introduction: Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital disorder with frequent anecdotal reports of sleep disturbances not sufficiently categorized by prior literature. The present mixed-methods, two-phase study aimed to characterize the sleep health and symptoms of a cohort of adults and children (via parent proxies) with Moebius syndrome.

Methods: In Phase 1, participants were 46 adults with Moebius Syndrome (M=33.

Associations of a metal mixture and vitamin D with sleep duration among adolescents and young adults from the 2011-2018 NHANES cycles.

Introduction: Heavy metal exposure has been associated with poor sleep, but little is known about the cumulative associations of multiple metals with sleep duration, particularly among adolescents. This study examined the association of blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) concentrations with sleep duration and possible effect modification by vitamin D.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 16-25-year-olds (n = 2637) from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Factors associated with development of depression in adult patients with brain arteriovenous malformations.

Objective: Cerebrovascular diseases are often associated with the development of depression, but few studies have assessed this association with brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). We aim to explore the association of brain arteriovenous malformation(bAVM) with new onset depression at follow-up.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on adult bAVMs patients using an institutional bAVM database.

PEN-FAST-ED: Utilizing the PEN-FAST decision tool to guide antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department.

Background: Patient-reported penicillin allergies are frequently encountered in the emergency department (ED), which often lead to non-beta-lactam antibiotic use despite beta-lactams' place as first-line therapy in most bacterial infections. The PEN-FAST clinical decision tool was developed and validated to identify patients with a low risk of true penicillin allergies that do not require formal skin testing for rechallenging. The tool consists of four questions that add up to a total score ranging from 0 to 5.

Managed honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), face greater risk from parasites and pathogens than mosquito control insecticide applications.

As the primary pollinator for many crops, honey bees (Apis mellifera) are critically important to food production and the agricultural economy. Adult mosquito control is often suspected by the public and commercial beekeepers to harm honey bees, creating conflicts between industries. To investigate this matter, a two-year field study was conducted on vegetated wetlands in Salt Lake City, Utah, U.

Mastering rectal cancer MRI: From foundational concepts to optimal staging.

MRI plays a critical role in the local staging, restaging, surveillance, and risk stratification of patients, ensuring they receive the most tailored therapy. As such, radiologists must be familiar not only with the key MRI findings that influence management decisions but also with the appropriate MRI protocols and structured reporting. Given the complexity of selecting the optimal therapy for each patient-which often requires multidisciplinary discussions-radiologists should be well-versed in relevant treatment strategies and surgical terms, understanding their significance in guiding patient care.

HIV co-infection is associated with increased HLA-DR expression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells in people with latent tuberculosis infection.

Infection with HIV is associated with dysregulated CD4 T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and increased risk of developing tuberculosis. Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in people with HIV have diminished Th1 cytokine production capacity, thus we utilized a flow cytometry-based assay to measure CD40L expression by Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in a cytokine-independent manner. We evaluated the frequency and phenotype of Mtb-specific CD4 responses in Kenyan adults with latent Mtb infection and found that the majority of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells expressed CD40L in the absence of IFN-γ, regardless of HIV infection status.

Dimensions of perinatal and childhood adversities both merge and remain distinct.

Background: Perinatal and childhood periods are sensitive windows of development wherein adversity exposure can result in disadvantageous outcomes. Data-driven dimensional approaches that appreciate the co-occurrence of adversities allow for extending beyond specificity (individual adversities) and cumulative risk (non-specific summation of adversities) approaches to understand how the type and timing of adversities affect outcomes.

Objective: With evolving recommendations on what should be important in adversity research, we sought to establish a data-driven framework that accounts for both type and timing of adversity by (1) replicating dimensions of childhood adversities, (2) determining whether perinatal adversities form unique dimensions and (3) identifying whether adversities during the perinatal and childhood periods overlap or remain distinct.

Assessing diapocynin's different effects on osteosarcoma and breast cancer cells: An in vitro study.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer, accounting for approximately 5 % of new cancer cases globally. In contrast, breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Given the limitations of current therapies, novel treatment strategies are urgently needed.

Empowerment through knowledge: Qualitative perceptions of 'undetectable equals Untransmittable' among people living with HIV and tuberculosis in South Africa.

Introduction: Undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U) is an education campaign promoting science that people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV to others. Researchers theorize that undetectable equals untransmittable messaging will decrease HIV stigma by reducing fears of HIV transmission and providing evidence to dismantle discriminatory policies. However, little is known about how people with HIV in South Africa interpret the results of their viral load tests, undetectable equals untransmittable messaging, or its impact on stigma.

Evaluation of hazardous substances emitted during mask use.

This study evaluated the inhalation of mask-derived materials by simulating real breathing conditions and examined how the amount of inhaled materials varies with breathing flow rate and duration. Three types of non-certified reusable masks and two types of certified disposable masks were selected. For each mask, five different hazardous materials were captured and analyzed in three replicates with two breathing flow rates of 30 L/min and 85 L/min and two breathing time combinations of 15 min and 60 min.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia across the spectrum of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Insomnia is prevalent among patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), potentially undermining treatment and increasing the risk of relapse. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia, but its efficacy is not well-characterized in patients across the spectrum of AUD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effectiveness of CBT-I in improving insomnia severity and alcohol-related outcomes in adults with heavy alcohol use and/or varying levels of AUD severity and comorbid insomnia.

Overcoming Shifting Baselines: Paleo-Behaviour Reveals Industrial Revolution as Tipping Point.

Human activities have significantly altered coastal ecosystems worldwide. The phenomenon of shifting baselines syndrome (SBS) complicates our understanding of these changes, masking the true scale of human impacts. This study investigates the long-term ecological effects of anthropogenic activities on New Zealand's coastal ecosystems over 800 years using fish otolith microchemical profiling and dynamic time warping across an entire stock unit.

Plasmodium falciparum CyRPA glycan binding does not explain adaptation to humans.

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum evolved from a parasite that infects gorillas, termed Plasmodium praefalciparum. The sialic acids on glycans on the surface of erythrocytes differ between humans and other apes. It has recently been shown that the P.

Massive gene loss in the fungus Sporothrix epigloea accompanied a shift to life in a glucuronoxylomannan-based gel matrix.

Fungi are well known for their ability to both produce and catabolize complex carbohydrates to acquire carbon, often in the most extreme of environments. Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)-based gel matrices are widely produced by fungi in nature and though they are of key interest in medicine and pharmaceuticals, their biodegradation is poorly understood. Though some organisms, including other fungi, are adapted to life in and on GXM-like matrices in nature, they are almost entirely unstudied, and it is unknown if they are involved in matrix degradation.

On the Influence of Additives and Modifiers on the Chiral HPLC Separation of the Enantiomers of Nicotine.

The influence of additives and modifiers on the chiral HPLC separation of the nicotine enantiomers using UV/Vis detection is discussed. Selected alcohols as modifiers and selected amines as additives were found to have a significant effect on the resolution and retention times of nicotine enantiomers even to the point of eliminating component elution. Systematic variations in the concentration of ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol, as modifiers, along with variations in the concentration of diethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, ethylenediamine, isopropylamine, as additives, revealed that the average resolution (R) of the nicotine enantiomers ranged from 2.

Minimally Invasive Fixed Prosthodontics: A Narrative Review.

Objective: Minimally invasive dentistry is being widely practiced. The center stone is to be as conservative as possible to minimize unnecessary removal of healthy tooth structure. In prosthodontics the patients have generalized and combined nature of diseases.

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex: An Anatomical and Medical Illustration Study.

Recent advances in small-joint arthroscopy and cutting-edge magnetic resonance imaging systems have enabled orthopedic surgeons to perform more complex repairs of the wrist. Such repairs can include those of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) of the wrist that necessitates a reappraisal of its morphometry with special emphasis on the relationship between its articular disc (AD) and surrounding tissues. The TFCC AD is a fibrocartilaginous, biconcave structure located between the ulnar styloid process and the carpal bones of the wrist.

Financial Impact of Medicare Payment Reform for E/M Visits on Compensation for Otolaryngologic Procedures in 2023.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recently increased payment for evaluation and management (E/M) visits, but did not apply these updates to post-operative global period visits. We investigated the resulting Medicare fee-for-service revenue loss for otolaryngologists. Using publicly available Medicare spending/utilization data, we estimated how much additional payment otolaryngologists would have received in 2023 if CMS had reimbursed global period visits at the same rates as other E/M visits.

Learning Curve for Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair With da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System.

Background: Transabdominal pre-peritoneal inguinal hernia repair using the da Vinci Single-Port robot (SP-TAPP) is currently performed in few centers. We aimed to define the learning curve for SP-TAPP by analyzing operative times.

Methods: The operative times of 122 SP-TAPP performed between 2019 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.

Service capacity and disability resource integration: A strategic survey of immigrant and refugee-serving agencies in Illinois.

Immigrants and refugees in the United States often face significant barriers in accessing social services, including mental health support, legal assistance, ESL or related education, housing, vocational training, workforce resources, transportation, and citizenship support. This article explores the strengths and challenges of community-based organizations welcoming centers (CBO WC) in Illinois that serve these populations, including people with disabilities, in culturally appropriate and inclusive ways. The Immigrant and Refugee-Led Capacity Development Network of Illinois, based at the University of Illinois Chicago, collaborated with the state's Office of Welcoming Centers to explore the service capacities of 17 CBO grantees.

Is Hume's Law a valid argument against empirical bioethics?

If "no ought from is," how can bioethics be empirical? Despite the widespread recognition that we can integrate empirical and normative, Hume's Law is still often claimed to pose logical limitations to empirical bioethics. Is Hume's Law a valid argument against empirical bioethics? I argue that we have reasons to answer no. First, I outline and reject two unverified assumptions: that Hume' s Law, the fact-value distinction, and the naturalistic fallacy are roughly the same thing, and that Hume's Law is an undisputed meta-ethical principle which dictates how to formulate normative statements.

A Perspective on Women in Otolaryngology Through the Legacy of Dr. Margaret F. Butler.

This article explores the life of Dr. Margaret F. Butler and her many contributions to the field of otolaryngology.