Ligand Inter-Relation Analysis Via Graph Theory Predicts Macrophage Response.

Graph theory has been widely used to quantitatively analyze complex networks of molecules, materials, and cells. Analyzing the dynamic complex structure of extracellular matrix can predict cell-material interactions but has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, graph theory-based mathematical modeling of RGD ligand graph inter-relation is demonstrated by differentially cutting off RGD-to-RGD interlinkages with flexibly conjugated magnetic nanobars (MNBs) with tunable aspect ratio.

Do empirically-derived personality subtypes relate to cognitive inflexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Background: Accruing evidence suggests that personality-based approaches to eating disorder classification may offer several advantages over current diagnostic models, with prior research consistently identifying three personality-based groups characterized by either (1) high levels of impulsivity and dysregulation (termed the "undercontrolled" group), (2) high levels of rigidity and avoidance (termed the "overcontrolled" group), or (3) relatively normative levels of personality functioning (termed the "low psychopathology" group). Cognitive inflexibility (i.e.

Sunken flap following chest tube placement in the presence of ventriculopleural shunt: a case report.

Background: The sunken flap or sinking skin flap syndrome is a complication that can be observed following decompressive craniectomy. More rare, sinking skin flap syndrome can occur as an iatrogenic complication of pleural effusion evacuation via chest tube placement in the presence of ventriculopleural shunt.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a Hispanic male patient in his 20s who presented to the emergency department after sustaining a penetrating gunshot wound to the head.

Exploring the link between dietary inflammatory index and NAFLD through a structural equation modeling approach.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant global public health dilemma with wide-ranging social and economic implications. Diet and lifestyle modifications remain essential components of NAFLD management. The current study investigated the association between diet-related inflammation and NAFLD among 3110 Iranian adults participating in the Amol Cohort Study (AmolCS), employing the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach.

Social, environmental, and developmental factors affect the microbiota of barn owls (Tyto alba) in a cross-fostering experiment.

Background: Species host diverse microbial communities that can impact their digestion and health, which has led to much interest in understanding the factors that influence their microbiota. We studied the developmental, environmental, and social factors that influence the microbiota of nestling barn owls (Tyto alba) through a partial cross-fostering experiment that manipulated the social and nest environment of the nestlings. We then examined the nestling microbiota before and three weeks after the exchange of nestlings between nests, along with the microbiota of the adults at the nest and nestlings in unmanipulated nests.

Electroacupuncture ameliorates inflammatory pain through CB2 receptor-dependent activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.

Background: Chronic inflammatory pain is a pervasive condition, and electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy sensor, is involved in pain relief and EA's effects. EA may work by increasing endocannabinoids, upregulating CB2 receptors (CB2R), and stimulating β-endorphin (β-END).

Impact of learning health systems on cross-system collaboration between youth legal and community mental health systems: a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.

Background: Youth involved in the legal system have disproportionately higher rates of problematic substance use than non-involved youth. Identifying and connecting legal-involved youth to substance use intervention is critical and relies on the connection between legal and behavioral health agencies, which may be facilitated by learning health systems (LHS). We analyzed the impact of an LHS intervention on youth legal and behavioral health personnel ratings of their cross-system collaboration.

Novel biomarkers for monitoring and management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Due to current challenges in the early detection, less than 40% of individuals diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are viable candidates for surgical intervention. Therefore, validating and launching of a novel precise diagnostic approach is essential for early diagnosis. Based on developing evidence using circulating tumor cells and their derivatives, circulating miRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), liquid biopsy may offer a reliable platform for the HCC's early diagnosis.

Predicting higher risk factors for COVID-19 short-term reinfection in patients with rheumatic diseases: a modeling study based on XGBoost algorithm.

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection, particularly short-term reinfection, poses challenges to the management of rheumatic diseases and may increase adverse clinical outcomes. This study aims to develop machine learning models to predict and identify the risk of short-term COVID-19 reinfection in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Methods: We developed four prediction models using explainable machine learning to assess the risk of short-term COVID-19 reinfection in 543 patients with rheumatic diseases.

Generalizing from qualitative data: a case example using critical realist thematic analysis and mechanism mapping to evaluate a community health worker-led screening program in India.

Background: A central goal of implementation science is to generate insights that allow evidence-based practices to be successfully applied across diverse settings. However, challenges often arise in preserving programs' effectiveness outside the context of their intervention development. We propose that qualitative data can inform generalizability via elucidating mechanisms of an intervention.

Postabortion contraceptive use among women in Nepal: results from a longitudinal cohort study.

Introduction: Although the Government of Nepal has developed strategies to integrate contraceptive services with abortion care to better meet the contraceptive needs of women, data indicate that significant gaps in services remain. This paper assessed post-abortion contraceptive use, trends over 36 -months, and factors influencing usage.

Methods: Data from this paper came from an ongoing cohort study of 1831 women who sought an abortion from one of the sampled 22 government-approved health facilities across Nepal.

3-Dimensional morphological characterization of neuroretinal microglia in Alzheimer's disease via machine learning.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that affects 47.5 million people worldwide. AD is characterised by the formation of plaques containing extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins (pTau).

Assessing the accuracy and quality of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot-generated responses in making patient-specific drug-therapy and healthcare-related decisions.

Background: Interactive artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT have gained popularity, yet little is known about their reliability as a reference tool for healthcare-related information for healthcare providers and trainees. The objective of this study was to assess the consistency, quality, and accuracy of the responses generated by ChatGPT on healthcare-related inquiries.

Methods: A total of 18 open-ended questions including six questions in three defined clinical areas (2 each to address "what", "why", and "how", respectively) were submitted to ChatGPT v3.

California mice (Peromyscus californicus) adjust mouth movements for vocal production during early postnatal development.

Background: The order Rodentia is the largest group of mammals. Diversification of vocal communication has contributed to rodent radiation and allowed them to occupy diverse habitats and adopt different social systems. The mechanism by which efficient vocal sounds, which carry over surprisingly large distances, are generated is incompletely understood.

Doublecortin regulates the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in glioma via Rho-A/Net-1/p38-MAPK signaling.

Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein known to be a key regulator of neuronal migration and differentiation during brain development. However, the role of DCX, particularly in regulating the survival and growth of glioma cells, remains unclear. In this study, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock down DCX in the human glioma cell line (U251).

Aripiprazole-loaded niosome/chitosan-gold nanoparticles for breast cancer chemo-photo therapy.

Introduction: Breast cancer, a formidable global health challenge for women, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies with enhanced efficacy and minimal side effects. Aripiprazole (ARI), a widely used schizophrenia medication, exhibits promising potential in the treatment of breast cancer. As cancer therapy evolves towards a combination approach, multimodal nano-based delivery systems, such as ARI-loaded niosomes (NIOs) combined with Chitosan-Au nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy, show promise over traditional chemotherapy alone by enhancing targeted efficacy and minimizing side effects.

Statin use after cancer diagnosis and survival among patients with cancer.

Purpose: The association between statin use and cancer survival has been investigated in previous studies with conflicting findings. This study aimed to assess the association between statin use following cancer diagnosis and survival in six common cancers using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database.

Methods: Individuals aged ≥ 66 years diagnosed with prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from 2008 through 2017 were identified.

Novel radiogenomics approach to predict and characterize pneumonitis in stage III NSCLC.

Unresectable stage III NSCLC is now treated with chemoradiation (CRT) followed by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Pneumonitis, a common CRT complication, has heightened risk with ICI, potentially causing severe outcomes. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict pneumonitis risk or differentiate between radiation-induced pneumonitis (RTP) and ICI-induced pneumonitis (IIP).

Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Trial of Mindfulness for Low Sexual Desire in Midlife and Older Women.

Low libido is a common and potentially distressing problem among midlife and older women. We recently reported results from a pilot randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness intervention for midlife and older cisgender women with low libido; the purpose of this qualitative investigation is to illustrate women's experiences with being recruited for, enrolling in, and participating in the trial. We conducted individual interviews with a subset of trial participants, some of whom attended a group-based mindfulness intervention and some attended an educational control group (N = 25).

Isoaspartate formation and irreversible aggregation of collapsin response mediator protein 2: implications for the etiology of epilepsy and age-related cognitive decline.

Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) functions in the genesis and activity of neuronal connections in mammalian brain. We previously reported that a protein coincident with CRMP2 on 2D-gels undergoes marked accumulation of abnormal L-isoaspartyl sites in brain extracts of mice missing the repair enzyme, protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT). To confirm and explore the significance of isoaspartyl damage in CRMP2, we expressed and purified recombinant mouse CRMP2 (rCRMP2).

The N400 component reflecting semantic and repetition priming of visual scenes is suppressed during the attentional blink.

In the attentional blink paradigm, participants attempt to identify two targets appearing in a rapidly presented stream of distractors. Report accuracy is typically high for the first target (T1) while identification of the second target (T2) is impaired when it follows within about 200-400 ms of T1. An important question is whether T2 is processed to a semantic level even when participants are unaware of its identity.

Ecologically sustainable benchmarking of AI models for histopathology.

Deep learning (DL) holds great promise to improve medical diagnostics, including pathology. Current DL research mainly focuses on performance. DL implementation potentially leads to environmental consequences but approaches for assessment of both performance and carbon footprint are missing.

Effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF)-model of intermittent fasting on adipose organ: a narrative review.

Time-restricted feeding (TRF), an intermittent fasting approach involving a shortened eating window within 24 h, has gained popularity as a weight management approach. This review addresses how TRF may favor fat redistribution and the function of the adipose organ. TRF trials (mainly 16:8 model, with a duration of 5-48 weeks) reported a significant weight loss (1.