The impact of dietary patterns on gut microbiota for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.

Background: Previous studies found that it is promising to achieve the protective effects of dietary patterns on cardiovascular health through the modulation of gut microbiota. However, conflicting findings have been reported on how dietary patterns impact gut microbiota in individuals either established or at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our systematic review aimed to explore the effect of dietary patterns on gut microbiota composition and on risk factors for CVD in these populations.

Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis due to subsp. infection in a reindeer from a zoo.

Bacteria in the complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria may affect a variety of animal species under human care and pose public health risks as zoonotic pathogens. A case of sudden onset of lethargy and increased respiratory effort in a 5-y-old, intact female reindeer () under managed care had progressed to severe dyspnea despite aggressive treatment. The animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis.

NPT100-18A rescues mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration in human iPSC-based Parkinson's model.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregates mostly consisting of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn). Progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) and nigrostriatal projections results in severe motor symptoms. While the preferential loss of mDANs has not been fully understood yet, the cell type-specific vulnerability has been linked to a unique intracellular milieu, influenced by dopamine metabolism, high demand for mitochondrial activity, and increased level of oxidative stress (OS).

CT features with histopathological correlation in inflammatory versus benign & malignant neoplastic appendiceal mucoceles: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background & Objectives: Differentiation of histologic subtypes of appendiceal mucoceles may prove to be difficult on computed tomography (CT). The main objective of this study was to identify the CT features of mucocele of the appendix and correlate the imaging findings with histopathology in inflammatory, benign, and malignant neoplastic lesions, and whether these entities can be accurately differentiated on CT imaging.

Materials And Methods: CT scans of 31 patients with diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele were retrospectively reviewed and compared with histopathology.

Correcting scale distortion in RNA sequencing data.

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is the conventional genome-scale approach used to capture the expression levels of all detectable genes in a biological sample. This is now regularly used for population-based studies designed to identify genetic determinants of various diseases. Naturally, the accuracy of these tests should be verified and improved if possible.

Investigating orbital foreign device-associated malignancies: a scoping review.

Background: While prosthesis-associated malignancies have been acknowledged, awareness among surgeons and patients in the ophthalmologic field remains limited, despite the frequent occurrence of prosthesis-related surgeries. We aim to address this gap through a scoping review of malignancies following ophthalmologic surgeries involving various foreign device/prosthesis/implants.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a review using PubMed and Embase for studies on cancer and ophthalmic prostheses/implants.

A new approach for evaluating maize transgressive segregants and their three-way cross potential in the S4 convergent breeding population.

The development of transgressive segregant (TS) selection on convergent breeding populations of S4 maize is a concept that is rarely applied. However, the development of TS is necessary to accelerate maize breeding pipelines. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to develop the concept of TS selection and (2) to select S4 TS maize to be developed as hybrid cross parents.

Propensity Score Matching: should we use it in designing observational studies?

Background: Propensity Score Matching (PSM) stands as a widely embraced method in comparative effectiveness research. PSM crafts matched datasets, mimicking some attributes of randomized designs, from observational data. In a valid PSM design where all baseline confounders are measured and matched, the confounders would be balanced, allowing the treatment status to be considered as if it were randomly assigned.

Myricetin exposure reduces PC differentiation in vitro in primary human B cells.

Background: The process of B cell activation and plasma cell (PC) formation involves morphological, transcriptional, and metabolic changes in the B cell. Blocking or reducing PC differentiation is one approach to treat autoimmune diseases that are characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies. Recent studies have suggested the potential of myricetin, a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, to block or reduce PC differentiation.

Lymphatic vessel network injury reduces local tumor control despite preservation of the tumor-draining lymph node.

The lymphatic system plays complex, often contradictory, roles in many cancers, including melanoma; these roles include contributions to tumor cell metastasis and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment as well as generation of antitumor immunity. Advancing our understanding of lymphatic vessel involvement in regulating tumor growth and immune response may provide new therapeutic targets or treatment plans to enhance the efficacy of existing therapies. We utilized a syngeneic murine melanoma model in which we surgically disrupted the lymphatic vessel network draining from the tumor to the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) while leaving the TDLN intact.

Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Semaglutide for Weight Loss in a Severely Obese Minority Cohort: A Propensity-Matched Study.

Background: The rising obesity rates in the USA have led to a surge in various weight loss treatments. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have shown promise in reducing weight but primarily studied in Caucasian populations. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has already proven successful weight loss outcomes.

Anxiety moderates the association between severity of food insecurity and sleep duration among young adults in food-insecure households.

This study examined associations between food insecurity (FI) severity, anxiety symptoms, and sleep duration among young adults in food-insecure households. We hypothesized that more severe FI and higher anxiety would independently predict shorter sleep duration, and that anxiety would amplify the FI-sleep duration relationship. Analysis was conducted on a subsample (n = 96) of the EAT 2010-2018 young adult cohort.

Noisy-channel language comprehension in aphasia: A Bayesian mixture modeling approach.

Individuals with "agrammatic" receptive aphasia have long been known to rely on semantic plausibility rather than syntactic cues when interpreting sentences. In contrast to early interpretations of this pattern as indicative of a deficit in syntactic knowledge, a recent proposal views agrammatic comprehension as a case of "noisy-channel" language processing with an increased expectation of noise in the input relative to healthy adults. Here, we investigate the nature of the noise model in aphasia and whether it is adapted to the statistics of the environment.

Characteristics of Patients with Hereditary Angioedema Who Reduced Lanadelumab Treatment Administration Frequency: A Retrospective Observational Study of US Claims Data.

Background: Lanadelumab is the only long-term prophylaxis indicated for reduced administration frequency in patients with hereditary angioedema who have been well controlled for > 6 months. Understanding the characteristics of patients who reduce administration frequency will help identify populations where frequency modifications may be appropriate.

Objective: We aimed to describe characteristics of patients who did and did not reduce lanadelumab administration frequency to inform real-world dosing regimens, and characteristics indicative of sustained frequency reduction.

Readmissions and Mortality After "Before Medically Advised" Hospital Discharges Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: "Before medically advised" (BMA) discharges are rising among hospitalized people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and associated with worse outcomes. However, little is known about BMA discharge among the growing share of U.S.

Individuals' Desire for Social Needs Sharing Among Healthcare Providers: Findings from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey.

Background: Increasingly, health systems are collecting and using social needs data, yet there is limited information about individuals' preferences for how social needs information is shared among providers for treatment purposes.

Objective: To explore the connection between experiencing social needs and concerns about healthcare providers sharing social needs information.

Design And Participants: A nationally representative, cross-sectional study of 6252 US community-dwelling adults (≥ 18 years of age) who responded to the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6) (response rate 28.

Monitoring Use of Language Interpreting Services for Patients with Limited English Proficiency: Methods to Match Patient Medical Records with Interpreter Billing Logs.

Background: Over 60 million patients in the USA have limited English proficiency (LEP) and experience barriers in care. Still, there exists no standardized method of monitoring the utilization of language interpreting services (LIS).

Objective: To introduce a methodological approach to systematically monitor utilization of LIS for LEP patients.

Use of Antihyperglycemic Medications Among US People with Limited English Proficiency.

Background: Language barriers can impact pharmaceutical disease management leading to potential health disparities among limited English proficiency (LEP) people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the United States (US).

Objective: To assess the use of antihyperglycemic medications and estimate their impact on glycemic control by LEP status.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Parental Perceptions of Access to and Utilization of Services for Autistic Children in African American Families: An Exploratory Study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs within all racial, ethnic, and demographic pediatric groups. However, Black children with ASD are diagnosed at later stages of their development, and as a result may not receive or may age out of early intervention services, and demonstrate poorer long-term outcomes, across a range of factors. African American parent's perceptions regarding access to and utilization of healthcare services for their autistic children vary.

Leveraging Model Master Files for Long-Acting Injectables.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Center for Research on Complex Generics (CRCG) hosted a public workshop on May 2-3, 2024, titled "Considerations and Potential Regulatory Applications for a Model Master File (Lachaine et al Can J Psychiatry.

Dietary acidity and bone mass in minority children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis from the MetA-Bone trial.

Unlabelled: Dietary acid load could be associated with bone mass, but there are limited and conflicting results. This secondary cross-sectional analysis evaluated these associations among 123 children/adolescents, mostly Hispanics. Dietary acid load seems to be associated with bone mass in boys, but these results should be confirmed through long-term studies.

Sex-specific transcriptomic profiling reveals key players in bone loss associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is frequently associated with musculoskeletal complications, including sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which substantially impair patient quality of life. Despite these clinical observations, the molecular mechanisms linking AD to bone loss remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we examined the femoral bone microarchitecture and transcriptomic profiles of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse models of AD to elucidate the disease's impact on bone pathology and identify potential gene candidates associated with bone deterioration.

Cardiovascular disease, bone fracture, and all-cause mortality risks among postmenopausal women by arthritis and veteran status: A multistate Markov transition analysis.

Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone fracture, is more frequent among military veterans and postmenopausal women. This study examined correlates of arthritis and relationships of arthritis with risks of developing CVD, bone fractures, and mortality among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women. We analyzed longitudinal data on 135,790 (3,436 veteran and 132,354 non-veteran) postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who were followed-up for an average of 16 years between enrollment (1993-1998) and February 17, 2024.

Raynaud Syndrome Associated with Medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Raynaud syndrome (RS) is a peripheral vasculopathy characterised be impaired acral perfusion typically manifesting as skin discolouration with pallor, cyanosis and/or erythema, and increased sensitivity to cold. RS may be primary or secondary to systemic disease, lifestyle and environmental factors or medication. RS has been reported with medication to treat ADHD, but we found no recent comprehensive overview of the literature.