RosettaHDX: Predicting antibody-antigen interaction from hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry data.

High-throughput characterization of antibody-antigen complexes at the atomic level is critical for understanding antibody function enabling therapeutic development. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) enables rapid epitope mapping, but its data are too sparse for independent structure determination. In this study, we introduce RosettaHDX, a hybrid method that combines computational docking with differential HDX-MS data to enhance the accuracy of antibody-antigen complex models beyond what either method can achieve individually.

Multifractal dynamic changes of spontaneous brain activity in psychiatric disorders: Adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

It is one of the strategies to study the complexity of spontaneous fluctuation of brain neurons based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), but the multifractal characteristics of spontaneous fluctuation of brain neurons in psychiatric diseases need to be studied. Therefore, this paper will study the multifractal spontaneous brain activity changes in psychiatric disorders using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis algorithm based on the UCLA datasets. Specifically: (1) multifractal characteristics in adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BP), and schizophrenia (SCHZ); (2) the source of those multifractal characteristics.

Radiographic Characteristics of Caudal Segment in Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: The Bony Buttress Formation.

Objective: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with anterior plating is a commonly performed procedure for cervical disc diseases. While the clinical outcomes of most reported multilevel ACDF cases are excellent, symptomatic pseudarthrosis remains a challenge, often requiring revision surgeries. This study aims to present the radiological characteristics of multilevel ACDF constructs, which can be considered during intraoperative management to prevent pseudarthrosis.

Endoscopic Contralateral Transaxillary Discectomy for Recurrent Disc Herniation.

This video aims to describe an endoscopic surgical approach for accessing difficult to reach pathology such as disc herniations after previous surgery. The relatively small size of endoscopic instruments facilitates significant freedom of movement inside the spinal canal. The authors have experience with interlaminar approaches for contralateral pathology such as disc herniations, recurrent disc herniations, spinal stenosis, and facet cysts.

The right tool for the job: Chemical biology and microbiome science.

Microbiomes exist in ecological niches ranging from the ocean and soil to inside of larger organisms like plants and animals. Within these niches, microbes play key roles in biochemical processes that impact larger phenomena, such as biogeochemical cycling or health. By understanding of how these processes occur at the molecular level, it may be possible to develop new interventions to address global problems.

Multiple mechanisms of action for an extremely painful venom.

Evolutionary arms races can lead to extremely specific and effective defense mechanisms, including venoms that deter predators by targeting nociceptive (pain-sensing) pathways. The venom of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) is notoriously painful. It has been described as "Explosive and long lasting, you sound insane as you scream.

Recurrent activity propagates through labile ensembles in macaque dorsolateral prefrontal microcircuits.

Human and non-human primate studies clearly implicate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as critical for advanced cognitive functions. It is thought that intracortical synaptic architectures within the dlPFC are the integral neurobiological substrate that gives rise to these processes. In the prevailing model, each cortical column makes up one fundamental processing unit composed of dense intrinsic connectivity, conceptualized as the "canonical" cortical microcircuit.

In toto biological framework: Modeling interconnectedness during human development.

Recent advancements in pluripotent stem cell and synthetic tissue technology have brought significant breakthroughs in studying early embryonic development, particularly within the first trimester of development in humans. However, during fetal stage development, investigating further biological events represents a major challenge, partly due to the evolving complexity and continued interaction across multiple organ systems. To bridge this gap, we propose an "in toto" biological framework that leverages a triad of technologies: synthetic tissues, intravital microscopy, and computer vision to capture in vivo cellular morphodynamics, conceptualized as single-cell choreography.

Clonal raider ants.

Daniel Kronauer introduces the clonal raider ant, a unique species of ant that has no queens and where workers lay asexually produced eggs that develop into new workers.

Parenting: How caregiving experience refines sensory integration.

Pup odors and vocalizations integrate in the auditory cortex. A new study reveals that odor information is relayed to the auditory cortex by the basal amygdala and the activity of this projection enhances sound responses in females with pup experience.

Predator avoidance: Threat learning in week-old zebrafish.

As soon as they can move, animals must learn to avoid potential predators. New research demonstrates that larval zebrafish can quickly learn to avoid specific predator-like robots in their first week of life, through coordinated noradrenergic and forebrain activity.

Neural pathways of nausea and roles in energy balance.

Our internal sensory systems encode various gut-related sensations, such as hunger, feelings of fullness, and nausea. These internal feelings influence our eating behaviors and play a vital role in regulating energy balance. Among them, the neurological basis for nausea has been the least well characterized, which has hindered comprehension of the connection between these sensations.

Forecasting O and NO concentrations with spatiotemporally continuous coverage in southeastern China using a Machine learning approach.

Ozone (O) is a significant contributor to air pollution and the main constituent ofphotochemical smog that plagues China. Nitrogen dioxide (NO) is a significant air pollutant and a critical trace gas in the Earth's atmosphere. The presence of O and NO has detrimental effects on human health, the ecosystem, and agricultural production.

Advancing sustainability in healthcare: A scoping review of global recycling practices in operating rooms.

The healthcare sector, particularly operating rooms (ORs), generates significant waste, contributing to global environmental pollution. This scoping review aimed to assess global recycling practices in ORs across various surgical specialties, identifying key barriers and strategies for improvement. A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Embase and PRISMA reporting guidelines yielded 35 studies for inclusion.

Acetabular orientation, pelvic shape, and the evolution of hominin bipedality.

Hominin pelvic form differs dramatically from that of other primates by having more laterally facing iliac blades, a wider sacrum, and a larger, transversely broad pelvic inlet. The orientation of the acetabulum may also differ, plausibly related to differences in load transmission during upright posture and habitual bipedal locomotion, which may, in turn, affect overall pelvic geometry. We compared acetabular orientation in humans, a phylogenetically broad sample of extant anthropoid primates, and fossil hominins including Australopithecus afarensis (A.

Recollection-related fMRI effects in entorhinal cortex predict longitudinal memory change in healthy older adults.

The present study examines whether structural and functional variability in medial temporal lobe (MTL) neocortical regions correlate with individual differences in episodic memory and longitudinal memory change in cognitively healthy older adults. To address this question, older adults were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests on three occasions: the second occasion one month after the first test session, and a third session three years later. Structural and functional MRI data were acquired between the first two sessions and included an in-scanner associative recognition procedure enabling estimation of MTL encoding and recollection fMRI BOLD effects.

E-cigarette, tobacco, and cannabis vaping among diverse sexual and gender identities in U.S. high school students.

Objectives: This study investigated the associations between diverse sexual and gender identities and adolescent use of e-cigarettes, tobacco products, and cannabis vaping.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of high school students in 2023.

Optimising water storage for climate resilience: Geospatial targeting for small tanks rejuvenation in Sri Lanka.

In Sri Lanka, climate change and recurrent droughts pose significant threats to agricultural communities. Village water storage tanks have been used in countries in South Asia since the third millennium BC. According to the National Tanks Survey, Sri Lanka has some 23,000 small tanks of 80 ha or less; however, 21 percent are currently non-functional due to decades of neglect.

Climate-adaptive optimal water resources management: A multi-sectoral approach for the Munneru river basin, India.

Climate change profoundly affects water resource allocation by disrupting the availability, distribution, and quality of water across various regions. Optimal allocation of water resources represents a comprehensive strategy for water resource management by addressing the intricate connections between water allocation systems and their repercussions on the environment, society, and economy. In this study, an Optimal Water Resources Management (OWRM) framework was developed, focusing on the optimal allocation of water resources and crop planting structures across various sectors.

Regulation of actin dynamics by Twinfilin.

Twinfilin is an evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein initially mischaracterized as a tyrosine kinase but later recognized as a key regulator of cellular actin dynamics. As a member of the ADF-H family, twinfilin binds both actin monomers and filaments. Its role in sequestering G-actin is well-established, but its effects on actin filaments have been debated.

Metabolite profiling of Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua extracts reveals divergent effects on Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Artemisia spp. have been used for millennia in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including malaria. Extracts of Artemisia afra and A.